Tumor microenvironment(TME)includes inflammatory,metabolic,and immune microenvironment,which interact in a complex network,influencing tumorigenesis,progression,and metastasis.Clinical studies on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)have found that dampness pathogen plays a significant role in gastrointestinal precancerous lesions,tumorigenesis,and metastasis.It disrupts the gastrointestinal tumor's inflammatory,metabolic,and immune microenvironments,promoting tumor development through various mechanisms.Based on the theory of dampness pathogen,it is proposed to eliminate dampness combined with detoxification to regulate tumor inflammatory microenvironment;invigorate qi,warm yang,and remove dampness to regulate metabolic microenvironment;and strengthen the spleen,support vital energy,and dispel dampness to improve immunosuppressive microenvironment.Treating gastrointestinal tumors from the perspective of dampness pathogen theory can offer new insights and focus areas for clinical diagnosis and treatment,as well as directions for research into the molecular mechanisms of compound Chinese herbal formulas.

Tumor microenvironment(TME)includes inflammatory,metabolic,and immune microenvironment,which interact in a complex network,influencing tumorigenesis,progression,and metastasis.Clinical studies on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)have found that dampness pathogen plays a significant role in gastrointestinal precancerous lesions,tumorigenesis,and metastasis.It disrupts the gastrointestinal tumor's inflammatory,metabolic,and immune microenvironments,promoting tumor development through various mechanisms.Based on the theory of dampness pathogen,it is proposed to eliminate dampness combined with detoxification to regulate tumor inflammatory microenvironment;invigorate qi,warm yang,and remove dampness to regulate metabolic microenvironment;and strengthen the spleen,support vital energy,and dispel dampness to improve immunosuppressive microenvironment.Treating gastrointestinal tumors from the perspective of dampness pathogen theory can offer new insights and focus areas for clinical diagnosis and treatment,as well as directions for research into the molecular mechanisms of compound Chinese herbal formulas.

This paper summarized PENG Qinghua's clinical experience in treating dry eye by applying therapeutic method of maintaining with sweet medicinals and restoring the body fluids. It is believed that the spleen earth insufficiency and fluids damage transforming into dryness are the main pathogenesis of the disease， and the basic therapeutic principle is maintaining with the sweet and restoring the body fluids by mainly using sweet medicines. It is advocated to use mild-sweet herbs， such as Baibiandou （Lablab purpureus subsp. purpureus）， Fuling （Smilax glabra Roxb.）， and Yiyiren （Coix lacryma-jobi L.）， to transport spleen earth， so that qi is restored and body fluids are recovered； moderate-sweet herbs， such as Dangshen （Codonopsis pilosula ［Franch.］ Nannf.）， Taizishen （Pseudostellaria heterophylla ［Miq.］ Pax）， Shanyao （Dioscorea oppositifolia L.） and Zhigancao （Glycyrrhiza glabra L.） are suggested to cultivate earth and generate metal， so as to move qi and circulate fluid； sweet-cool herbs， such as Nanshashen （Adenophora triphylla ［Thunb.］ A.DC.）， Beishashen （Glehnia littoralis ［A.Gray］ F.Schmidt ex Miq.）， Yuzhu （Polygonatum odoratum ［Mill.］ Druce）， Tianhuafen （Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.） are suggested to nourish yin and increase body fluids， so as to promote fluid production to moisten dryness. In this way， when the source of fluid is restored and the fluid is circulated， the fluid can be produced continuously， which provides new ideas for the treatment of dry eyes with traditional Chinese medicine.