Objective:To analyze the relationship among serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-VD) and osteoporosis in children.Methods:Eighty children with osteoporosis admitted to Affiliated Hosptial of Jining Medieal University from Jun. 2019 to Jun. 2024 were included as the observation group, and 60 healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period were included as the control group. Serum FGF23 and 25-OH-VD levels were compared between the two groups, and bone mineral density and bone metabolism indexes [CTX-1, osteocalcin (OC) and N-terminal propeptide of type I precollagen (PINP) ] were detected. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation among serum FGF23, 25-OH-VD, bone metabolism indexes and bone mineral density. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of osteoporosis in children.Results:Serum FGF23 and CTX-1 levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t=15.77, 7.56, P < 0.05), while serum 25-OH-VD, OC, PINP and BMD levels were significantly lower ( t=14.09, 2.70, 13.25, 3.63, P < 0.05) ; Pearson correlation analysis showed that BMD was not correlated with age, BMI and OC ( r=-0.07, -0.02, 0.01, P > 0.05), BMD was negatively correlated with FGF23 and CTX-1, and positively correlated with 25-OH-VD and PINP ( r=-0.35, -0.34, 0.41, 0.40, P < 0.05). The stepwise regression model showed that FGF23 and 25-OH-VD were the main factors affecting BMD ( t=-2.40, 9.02, P<0.05). Multifactor Logistic regression model showed that FGF23 and 25-OH-VD were related factors of osteoporosis in children ( OR=3.01,1.16, P<0.05) . Conclusion:Serum FGF23 level is higher and 25-OH-VD level is lower in children with osteoporosis, which is significantly correlated with bone mineral density and is a related factor for osteoporosis in children.

Objective:To analyze the relationship among serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-VD) and osteoporosis in children.Methods:Eighty children with osteoporosis admitted to Affiliated Hosptial of Jining Medieal University from Jun. 2019 to Jun. 2024 were included as the observation group, and 60 healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period were included as the control group. Serum FGF23 and 25-OH-VD levels were compared between the two groups, and bone mineral density and bone metabolism indexes [CTX-1, osteocalcin (OC) and N-terminal propeptide of type I precollagen (PINP) ] were detected. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation among serum FGF23, 25-OH-VD, bone metabolism indexes and bone mineral density. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of osteoporosis in children.Results:Serum FGF23 and CTX-1 levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t=15.77, 7.56, P < 0.05), while serum 25-OH-VD, OC, PINP and BMD levels were significantly lower ( t=14.09, 2.70, 13.25, 3.63, P < 0.05) ; Pearson correlation analysis showed that BMD was not correlated with age, BMI and OC ( r=-0.07, -0.02, 0.01, P > 0.05), BMD was negatively correlated with FGF23 and CTX-1, and positively correlated with 25-OH-VD and PINP ( r=-0.35, -0.34, 0.41, 0.40, P < 0.05). The stepwise regression model showed that FGF23 and 25-OH-VD were the main factors affecting BMD ( t=-2.40, 9.02, P<0.05). Multifactor Logistic regression model showed that FGF23 and 25-OH-VD were related factors of osteoporosis in children ( OR=3.01,1.16, P<0.05) . Conclusion:Serum FGF23 level is higher and 25-OH-VD level is lower in children with osteoporosis, which is significantly correlated with bone mineral density and is a related factor for osteoporosis in children.

Fracture of humeral capitellum (FHC) in children is often detected on the coronal plane of the distal humerus.It is an intra-articular fracture, often a Salter-Harris type Ⅲ epiphyseal fracture, which is extremely rare in clinical practice and accounts for only about 1% of elbow fractures in children.This type of fracture tends to extend medially involving the trochlea, so it is also known as capitellar trochlea fracture.The rarity of this fracture makes it difficult to differentiate it from other elbow fractures on X-ray, which finally leads to miss-diagnosis or misdiagnosis as epicondylar humerus fracture or intercondylar fracture, etc.Since FHC is an intra-articular and epiphyseal fracture, inappropriate treatment will results in irreversible consequences, so the diagnosis and treatment of FHC in children are challenging.Currently, there are few studies on FHC in children, and most of related studies are case reports.Therefore, the classification and treatment of FHC in children are performed based on only the experience of FHC treatment in adults.Incisional reduction and internal fixation is the preferred treatment for most FHC children, but the efficacy of this treatment lacks the support of controlled studies with a large sample size.The mechanism of injury, staging, diagnosis, treatment, postoperative rehabilitation, and complications of pediatric FHC were reviewed in this paper to improve clinicians' understanding of pediatric FHC.

Fracture of humeral capitellum (FHC) in children is often detected on the coronal plane of the distal humerus.It is an intra-articular fracture, often a Salter-Harris type Ⅲ epiphyseal fracture, which is extremely rare in clinical practice and accounts for only about 1% of elbow fractures in children.This type of fracture tends to extend medially involving the trochlea, so it is also known as capitellar trochlea fracture.The rarity of this fracture makes it difficult to differentiate it from other elbow fractures on X-ray, which finally leads to miss-diagnosis or misdiagnosis as epicondylar humerus fracture or intercondylar fracture, etc.Since FHC is an intra-articular and epiphyseal fracture, inappropriate treatment will results in irreversible consequences, so the diagnosis and treatment of FHC in children are challenging.Currently, there are few studies on FHC in children, and most of related studies are case reports.Therefore, the classification and treatment of FHC in children are performed based on only the experience of FHC treatment in adults.Incisional reduction and internal fixation is the preferred treatment for most FHC children, but the efficacy of this treatment lacks the support of controlled studies with a large sample size.The mechanism of injury, staging, diagnosis, treatment, postoperative rehabilitation, and complications of pediatric FHC were reviewed in this paper to improve clinicians' understanding of pediatric FHC.