Objectives:To investigate the incidence and related risk factors of mid-term postoperative cognitive impairment by a single cognitive function test among heart transplant recipients.Methods:The heart transplant recipients who visited our heart transplant outpatient department from May to October of 2019 were recruited and received cognitive function test.Their heart transplantation,anesthesia,cardiopulmonary bypass and immunosuppressive therapy were performed by the same heart transplant team.Mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)were used to test the study population and diagnose cognitive impairment.The patients were divided into cognitive impairment group and non-cognitive impairment group,and the clinical characteristics,perioperative characteristics of heart transplantation,hospital outcomes and donor characteristics were compared between the two groups.After excluding those with missing data(n=34),48 patients in the cognitive impairment group and 50 patients in the non-cognitive impairment group were analyzed.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the potential influencing factors of cognitive impairment diagnosed by a single assessment after heart transplantation.Results:The median time of cognitive test after surgery was 2(1,4)years.The incidence of mid-term postoperative cognitive impairment by a single test among heart transplant recipients was 50.0%(66/132).Compared with the non-cognitive impairment group,patients in the cognitive impairment group were older at heart transplant([40.2±13.4]years vs.[46.4±11.0]years)and at cognitive test([42.3±13.0]years vs.[49.2±11.2]years),with a higher proportion of males(68.0%vs.87.5%),a higher proportion of those with lower education(less than high school)(31.9%vs.63.8%),and a longer postoperative hospital stay(32.0[26.0,38.8]d vs.38.0[20.3,50.0]d),and the differences between groups were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age at cognitive test(OR=1.067,95%CI:1.019-1.117,P=0.005),longer postoperative in-hospital stay(OR=1.051,95%CI:1.006-1.097,P=0.025)were associated with higher risk of mid-term postoperative cognitive impairment by a single test,while the education level higher than high school was an independent protective factor(OR=0.132,95%CI:0.029-0.607,P=0.009)of mid-term postoperative cognitive impairment.Conclusions:The incidence of mid-term postoperative cognitive impairment by a single test among heart transplant recipients is high.Patients with an older age,low education level,long postoperative in-hospital stay face increased risk of mid-term postoperative cognitive impairment,these patients need to be monitored for cognitive function during follow up to achieve early recognition and treatment of cognitive decline.

Objectives:To investigate the incidence and related risk factors of mid-term postoperative cognitive impairment by a single cognitive function test among heart transplant recipients.Methods:The heart transplant recipients who visited our heart transplant outpatient department from May to October of 2019 were recruited and received cognitive function test.Their heart transplantation,anesthesia,cardiopulmonary bypass and immunosuppressive therapy were performed by the same heart transplant team.Mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)were used to test the study population and diagnose cognitive impairment.The patients were divided into cognitive impairment group and non-cognitive impairment group,and the clinical characteristics,perioperative characteristics of heart transplantation,hospital outcomes and donor characteristics were compared between the two groups.After excluding those with missing data(n=34),48 patients in the cognitive impairment group and 50 patients in the non-cognitive impairment group were analyzed.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the potential influencing factors of cognitive impairment diagnosed by a single assessment after heart transplantation.Results:The median time of cognitive test after surgery was 2(1,4)years.The incidence of mid-term postoperative cognitive impairment by a single test among heart transplant recipients was 50.0%(66/132).Compared with the non-cognitive impairment group,patients in the cognitive impairment group were older at heart transplant([40.2±13.4]years vs.[46.4±11.0]years)and at cognitive test([42.3±13.0]years vs.[49.2±11.2]years),with a higher proportion of males(68.0%vs.87.5%),a higher proportion of those with lower education(less than high school)(31.9%vs.63.8%),and a longer postoperative hospital stay(32.0[26.0,38.8]d vs.38.0[20.3,50.0]d),and the differences between groups were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age at cognitive test(OR=1.067,95%CI:1.019-1.117,P=0.005),longer postoperative in-hospital stay(OR=1.051,95%CI:1.006-1.097,P=0.025)were associated with higher risk of mid-term postoperative cognitive impairment by a single test,while the education level higher than high school was an independent protective factor(OR=0.132,95%CI:0.029-0.607,P=0.009)of mid-term postoperative cognitive impairment.Conclusions:The incidence of mid-term postoperative cognitive impairment by a single test among heart transplant recipients is high.Patients with an older age,low education level,long postoperative in-hospital stay face increased risk of mid-term postoperative cognitive impairment,these patients need to be monitored for cognitive function during follow up to achieve early recognition and treatment of cognitive decline.