Objective:To analyze the proportions of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) subgroups during the process of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, and to explore the molecular mechanism regulating the differentiation of ILCs during MTB infection. Methods:From March to October 2022, 31 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (ATB) and 17 patients who had recovered from pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled from Shenzhen Third People′s Hospital. Additionally, 30 healthy controls were recruited from the physical examination department. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted from all subjects, and the proportions of ILC, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 in lymphocytes of PBMCs from different populations were analyzed using flow cytometry. PBMCs from 18 healthy controls were induced in vitro with MTB H37Rv lysate or live Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) bacteria, and the differentiation of ILC subgroups was analyzed using flow cytometry. CD14 + cells from PBMCs of 29 healthy controls were isolated using magnetic bead sorting technology, and the cells were divided into three groups, including control group, CD14 - group, and CD14 + complement group. The CD14 + complement group was supplemented with CD14 + cells into CD14 - PBMCs through a Transwell chamber, and induced in vitro with H37Rv lysate. The differentiation of ILC subgroups was analyzed using flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results:The proportions of ILCs in lymphocytes in healthy controls, ATB and recovered tuberculosis groups showed no statistically significant differences ( H=0.07, P=0.965). The proportion of ILC1 in lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with ATB was lower than that in the healthy control group ( U=271.00), and the proportion of ILC2 was higher than that in the healthy control group ( U=299.00). The proportion of ILC1 in the peripheral blood of recovered tuberculosis patients was lower than that in the healthy control group ( U=123.00), and the proportion of ILC3 in the recovered tuberculosis group was higher than those in ATB and healthy control groups ( U=78.00 and 102.50, respectively). All differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the proportions of ILC ( W=-116.00 and -145.00, respectively) and ILC2 ( W=-149.00 and -155.00, respectively) in lymphocytes decreased after PBMCs induced by H37Rv lysate or BCG live bacteria (all P<0.05). The proportion of ILC1 showed no significant change after induction by H37Rv lysate ( W=-67.00, P=0.154), but decreased after induction by BCG ( W=-121.00, P=0.007) with statistical significance. There was no significant difference in the proportions of ILC1 in lymphocytes among control group, CD14 - group, and CD14 + complement group before and after induction by H37Rv lysate ( W=-159.00, 43.00 and -37.00, respectively, all P>0.05). The proportions of ILC2 in lymphocytes decreased after induction ( W=-435.00, -383.00 and -405.00, respectively) among the three groups, and the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.001). The proportions of ILC3 in lymphocytes in the control group and CD14 + complement group decreased ( W=-250.00 and -262.00, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05), while the proportion of ILC3 in lymphocytes in the CD14 - group did not change before and after induction, and the difference was not statistically significant ( W=-172.00, P=0.051). Conclusions:MTB infection induces an imbalance in the differentiation of ILCs subgroups, and the removal of CD14 + cells inhibits MTB-induced ILC3 differentiation without significantly affecting the differentiation of ILC1 and ILC2.

Objective:To analyze the proportions of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) subgroups during the process of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, and to explore the molecular mechanism regulating the differentiation of ILCs during MTB infection. Methods:From March to October 2022, 31 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (ATB) and 17 patients who had recovered from pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled from Shenzhen Third People′s Hospital. Additionally, 30 healthy controls were recruited from the physical examination department. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted from all subjects, and the proportions of ILC, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 in lymphocytes of PBMCs from different populations were analyzed using flow cytometry. PBMCs from 18 healthy controls were induced in vitro with MTB H37Rv lysate or live Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) bacteria, and the differentiation of ILC subgroups was analyzed using flow cytometry. CD14 + cells from PBMCs of 29 healthy controls were isolated using magnetic bead sorting technology, and the cells were divided into three groups, including control group, CD14 - group, and CD14 + complement group. The CD14 + complement group was supplemented with CD14 + cells into CD14 - PBMCs through a Transwell chamber, and induced in vitro with H37Rv lysate. The differentiation of ILC subgroups was analyzed using flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results:The proportions of ILCs in lymphocytes in healthy controls, ATB and recovered tuberculosis groups showed no statistically significant differences ( H=0.07, P=0.965). The proportion of ILC1 in lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with ATB was lower than that in the healthy control group ( U=271.00), and the proportion of ILC2 was higher than that in the healthy control group ( U=299.00). The proportion of ILC1 in the peripheral blood of recovered tuberculosis patients was lower than that in the healthy control group ( U=123.00), and the proportion of ILC3 in the recovered tuberculosis group was higher than those in ATB and healthy control groups ( U=78.00 and 102.50, respectively). All differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the proportions of ILC ( W=-116.00 and -145.00, respectively) and ILC2 ( W=-149.00 and -155.00, respectively) in lymphocytes decreased after PBMCs induced by H37Rv lysate or BCG live bacteria (all P<0.05). The proportion of ILC1 showed no significant change after induction by H37Rv lysate ( W=-67.00, P=0.154), but decreased after induction by BCG ( W=-121.00, P=0.007) with statistical significance. There was no significant difference in the proportions of ILC1 in lymphocytes among control group, CD14 - group, and CD14 + complement group before and after induction by H37Rv lysate ( W=-159.00, 43.00 and -37.00, respectively, all P>0.05). The proportions of ILC2 in lymphocytes decreased after induction ( W=-435.00, -383.00 and -405.00, respectively) among the three groups, and the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.001). The proportions of ILC3 in lymphocytes in the control group and CD14 + complement group decreased ( W=-250.00 and -262.00, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05), while the proportion of ILC3 in lymphocytes in the CD14 - group did not change before and after induction, and the difference was not statistically significant ( W=-172.00, P=0.051). Conclusions:MTB infection induces an imbalance in the differentiation of ILCs subgroups, and the removal of CD14 + cells inhibits MTB-induced ILC3 differentiation without significantly affecting the differentiation of ILC1 and ILC2.

Background::Understanding the characteristics of newly diagnosed primary human deficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in the context of the post-antiretroviral therapy era and HIV drug prophylaxis is essential for achieving the new target of 95-95-95-95 by 2025. This study reported the characteristics of newly diagnosed primary HIV-1 infection in Shenzhen.Methods::This is a real-world retrospective study. Eighty-seven newly diagnosed primary HIV-1-infected patients were recruited from January 2021 to March 2022 at the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen. Demographic, epidemiological, diagnostic, drug resistance, and medical data were described and analyzed.Results::Overall, 96.6% (84/87) of the newly identified primary HIV-1-infected patients were male, including 88.5% (77/87) men have sex with men (MSM), with a median age of 29.0 years (Q 1-Q 3: 24.0-34.0 years); of these, 85.1% (74/87) reported high-risk sexual behaviors with casual partners. The rate of condom usage was only 28.7% (25/87). The overall rate of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was 8.0% (7/87, including 4 PrEP and 3 PEP cases) around the potential exposure, although 41.4% of the patients had prior awareness of such interventions. Moreover, only 19.5% (17/87) had previously used PrEP or PEP. Of those, 58.8% (10/17) of the patients obtained drugs from the internet, and only 35.3% (6/17) reported good compliance. A total of 54.0% (47/87) of subjects were diagnosed by the HIV nucleic acid test. Acute retroviral syndrome appeared in 54.0% (47/87) of patients. The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) mutation was 33.9% (19/56), including 6 (10.7%) against nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) plus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), 8 (14.3%) against NNRTI, and 5 (8.9%) against protease inhibitor (PI) only. Conclusions::Owing to the low utilization rate and incorrect usage of PrEP and PEP, massive efforts are needed to promote HIV-preventive strategies in the MSM population. The extremely high prevalence of TDR mutation in this population implies the need for future pretreatment drug resistance surveillance.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical performance of radiation treatment equipment inspection status of the medical and health institutions in Nanjing. Methods: Twenty-two 60Coy teletherapy machine and 12 Teclast subsidiary medical accelerator were detacted from January 2012 to December 2012 in Nanjing. Results: The performance qualified rate of 60Coy teletherapy machine is higher. In other standards, the 60Coy teletherapy machines have different degrees of failures. The performance test results of electronic medical accelerator is good, the majority of medical electronic accelerator performance can comply with the relevant national standards. Conclusion: Regular checks on the performance of radiation treatment equipment and on time check can ensure clinical efficacy and safety of patients treated with radiotherapy treatment.