Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is thought to arise from the interaction of environmental exposures and genet -ic susceptibility, and major research efforts are underwent to identify genetic determinants and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of COPD susceptibility.The suspected COPD genes include tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1), SERPINA1, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1) and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3).A lot of Genome-Wide Association Study in COPD have identified some novel genes influencing COPD , such as CHRNA3/5, IREB2, HHIP and FAM13A.This review detailedly describe the advances in this field .

Objective To investigate the risk factors of common cold in the naval afloat unit.Methods A retrospective survey was made on the 694 naval afloat personnel and the case-control study was performed.The subjects were divided into the more liable to common cold group (common cold per year ≥ 2 twice) (totaling 365 cases) and the less liable to common cold group (common cold per year ＜ 2 twice) (totaling 329 cases),by depending on their liability to cold.Multivariate risk factors of common cold were analyzed by using logistic regression method.Results Single factor or univariate analysis showed that there was statistical significance in educational background,active smoking and passive smoking,vegetable consumption,fruit consumption,sleep quality,exercise,application of antibiotics per year,when comparisons were made between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that related factors of common cold were educational background,active smoking and passive smoking,fruit consumption (＜ 3 times per week),sleep quality,exercise(＜ 3 times per week) and application of antibiotics per year(＞ 3 times) after adjustment of the influential factors,with odds ratio and 95％ confidence interval being respectively 0.681 (0.470-0.986),1.812 (1.046-3.138),2.160 (1.337-3.490),2.109 (1.495-3.205),4.204 (2.927-6.038),2.440 (1.584-3.758)and 5.178 (3.486-7.691).The factor of vegetable consumption (＜ 3 times per week) was positively correlated with common cold.Conclusions The study demonstrated that educational background was an independent protective factor of common cold,while active smoking,passive smoking,fruit consumption (＜ 3 times per week),sleep quality and exercise (＜ 3 times per week) were independent risk factors of common cold.

Objective To analyze the respiratory disease spectrum among the ship crews of naval afloat units from 2005 to 2014 and features of diseases in the last dozen of years,so as to provide evidence for future medical support of our naval afloat units.Methods Statistical analyses were made on the medical data of all the "Military Health Statistical Reports" from the Naval Logistics Command from January 2005 to November 2014,features of the disease were summarized,and finally a comparative study was performed on the respiratory system disorders encountered by naval afloat units in the past years.Results (1) The top 5 diseases that occurred among the naval afloat units from 2005 to 2014 were:upper respiratory tract infection,tonsillitis,trauma,ringworm,simple diarrhea,accounting for 61.7％ of all the diseases,with the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (39.0％) being the first of all the disorders.(2) The top five system diseases among the naval afloat units from 2005 to 2014 were:respiratory system,digestive system,trauma,musculoskeletal system,skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders,accounting for 93％ of all the diseases,with the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (53％) being the first of all system disorders.(3) The top five respiratory disorders that occurred among the naval afloat units during the same time span were:upper respiratory tract infection,tonsillitis,rhinitis,bronchitis and pneumonia,with the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection being the first,accounting for 74％ of all the respiratory system disorders.(4) During the time span of 2005 to 2013,the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection among the naval afloat units fluctuated between 93％ and 110％.Conclusions The respiratory system disorders were the most common diseases that occurred among the naval afloat units.With this reason,it was of positive significance to pay special emphasis on the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases,the upper respiratory tract infection in particular.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of common cold in the naval afloat unit.Methods A retrospective survey was made on the 694 naval afloat personnel and the case-control study was performed.The subjects were divided into the more liable to common cold group (common cold per year ≥ 2 twice) (totaling 365 cases) and the less liable to common cold group (common cold per year ＜ 2 twice) (totaling 329 cases),by depending on their liability to cold.Multivariate risk factors of common cold were analyzed by using logistic regression method.Results Single factor or univariate analysis showed that there was statistical significance in educational background,active smoking and passive smoking,vegetable consumption,fruit consumption,sleep quality,exercise,application of antibiotics per year,when comparisons were made between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that related factors of common cold were educational background,active smoking and passive smoking,fruit consumption (＜ 3 times per week),sleep quality,exercise(＜ 3 times per week) and application of antibiotics per year(＞ 3 times) after adjustment of the influential factors,with odds ratio and 95％ confidence interval being respectively 0.681 (0.470-0.986),1.812 (1.046-3.138),2.160 (1.337-3.490),2.109 (1.495-3.205),4.204 (2.927-6.038),2.440 (1.584-3.758)and 5.178 (3.486-7.691).The factor of vegetable consumption (＜ 3 times per week) was positively correlated with common cold.Conclusions The study demonstrated that educational background was an independent protective factor of common cold,while active smoking,passive smoking,fruit consumption (＜ 3 times per week),sleep quality and exercise (＜ 3 times per week) were independent risk factors of common cold.

Objective To analyze the respiratory disease spectrum among the ship crews of naval afloat units from 2005 to 2014 and features of diseases in the last dozen of years,so as to provide evidence for future medical support of our naval afloat units.Methods Statistical analyses were made on the medical data of all the "Military Health Statistical Reports" from the Naval Logistics Command from January 2005 to November 2014,features of the disease were summarized,and finally a comparative study was performed on the respiratory system disorders encountered by naval afloat units in the past years.Results (1) The top 5 diseases that occurred among the naval afloat units from 2005 to 2014 were:upper respiratory tract infection,tonsillitis,trauma,ringworm,simple diarrhea,accounting for 61.7％ of all the diseases,with the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (39.0％) being the first of all the disorders.(2) The top five system diseases among the naval afloat units from 2005 to 2014 were:respiratory system,digestive system,trauma,musculoskeletal system,skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders,accounting for 93％ of all the diseases,with the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (53％) being the first of all system disorders.(3) The top five respiratory disorders that occurred among the naval afloat units during the same time span were:upper respiratory tract infection,tonsillitis,rhinitis,bronchitis and pneumonia,with the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection being the first,accounting for 74％ of all the respiratory system disorders.(4) During the time span of 2005 to 2013,the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection among the naval afloat units fluctuated between 93％ and 110％.Conclusions The respiratory system disorders were the most common diseases that occurred among the naval afloat units.With this reason,it was of positive significance to pay special emphasis on the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases,the upper respiratory tract infection in particular.