Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, disabling mental disorder characterized by distressing and intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive or ritualized behaviors (compulsions), which has a multi-factorial pathogenesis. Recent studies suggest that immune dysregulation is present in OCD patients. Since the immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining central nervous system homeostasis, its dysfunction may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of OCD. This article reviews the current research on the immunological pathogenesis of OCD and explores future research directions, aiming to provide insights into the etiology, subtyping and treatment.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, disabling mental disorder characterized by distressing and intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive or ritualized behaviors (compulsions), which has a multi-factorial pathogenesis. Recent studies suggest that immune dysregulation is present in OCD patients. Since the immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining central nervous system homeostasis, its dysfunction may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of OCD. This article reviews the current research on the immunological pathogenesis of OCD and explores future research directions, aiming to provide insights into the etiology, subtyping and treatment.