Objective:To determine the optimal number of clusters by joint use of the Elbow Method and Gap Statistic and to classify the scientific research performance of each clinical department in a tertiary general hospital by K-means cluster analysis and analyze the weak points of scientific research in each type of department, and provide targeted measures to enhance the scientific research capability of the department.Methods:Based on the scientific research performance evaluation system of clinical departments in established tertiary general hospitals, the scientific research data from 2017—2021 were substituted into the optimization system to generate quantitative scores, and the number of optimized clusters was derived through the Elbow method and the Gap Statistic algorithm, and the K-means algorithm was applied to achieve departmental hierarchical clustering.Results:The 45 clinical departments were clustered into 4 categories, and the mean of the total research performance scores of all departments was 23.118, with the highest mean score for the management system and the lowest for the research organization platform. Except for the indicator of books of publications, the remaining 15 secondary indicators had good differentiation ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The combined use of the Elbow method and the Gap Statistic algorithm balances computational efficiency with statistical rigor and strengthens the scientific explanatory power of the clustering results. K-means cluster analysis effectively divides the types of departments. It provides a certain reference basis for identifying the strengths and shortcomings of scientific research development in the department, optimizing the allocation of scientific research resources, adjusting the focus of assessment and formulating the development strategy of the discipline.

Objective:To determine the optimal number of clusters by joint use of the Elbow Method and Gap Statistic and to classify the scientific research performance of each clinical department in a tertiary general hospital by K-means cluster analysis and analyze the weak points of scientific research in each type of department, and provide targeted measures to enhance the scientific research capability of the department.Methods:Based on the scientific research performance evaluation system of clinical departments in established tertiary general hospitals, the scientific research data from 2017—2021 were substituted into the optimization system to generate quantitative scores, and the number of optimized clusters was derived through the Elbow method and the Gap Statistic algorithm, and the K-means algorithm was applied to achieve departmental hierarchical clustering.Results:The 45 clinical departments were clustered into 4 categories, and the mean of the total research performance scores of all departments was 23.118, with the highest mean score for the management system and the lowest for the research organization platform. Except for the indicator of books of publications, the remaining 15 secondary indicators had good differentiation ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The combined use of the Elbow method and the Gap Statistic algorithm balances computational efficiency with statistical rigor and strengthens the scientific explanatory power of the clustering results. K-means cluster analysis effectively divides the types of departments. It provides a certain reference basis for identifying the strengths and shortcomings of scientific research development in the department, optimizing the allocation of scientific research resources, adjusting the focus of assessment and formulating the development strategy of the discipline.

Objective Explore the influence of the research professional ethics of in-service medical personnel in a terti-ary hospital in Karamay City on their cognitive integrity in scientific research,as well as the role of research quality awareness in this relationship.Methods Quantitative analysis was used.A total of 269 in-service medical personnel from a tertiary hospital in Karamay City were selected using cluster sampling.SPSS 25.0 and Process 3.5 were used for data processing.Harman's single-factor test was used to analyze whether there was common method bias in the data,and the skewness-kurtosis test was used to as-sess the normal distribution of the data.Pearson correlation analysis and mediation analysis using Process were also conducted.Results The analysis of the data revealed that the correlation coefficient between research professional ethics and research quali-ty awareness and cognitive integrity in scientific research were all 0.301(P＜0.01).Additionally,the correlation coefficient be-tween research quality awareness and cognitive integrity in scientific research was 0.303(P＜0.01).The mediation analysis on the relationship between research professional ethics,research quality awareness,and cognitive integrity in scientific research showed that research professional ethics significantly predicted cognitive integrity in scientific research.Furthermore,even after adding the mediating variable of research quality awareness,research professional ethics still predicted cognitive integrity in scien-tific research.Conclusion There is a significant positive correlation between research professional ethics,research quality aware-ness,and cognitive integrity in scientific research among in-service medical personnel in a tertiary hospital in Karamay city.Re-search quality awareness plays a mediating role between research professional ethics and cognitive integrity in scientific research.

Objective Explore the influence of the research professional ethics of in-service medical personnel in a terti-ary hospital in Karamay City on their cognitive integrity in scientific research,as well as the role of research quality awareness in this relationship.Methods Quantitative analysis was used.A total of 269 in-service medical personnel from a tertiary hospital in Karamay City were selected using cluster sampling.SPSS 25.0 and Process 3.5 were used for data processing.Harman's single-factor test was used to analyze whether there was common method bias in the data,and the skewness-kurtosis test was used to as-sess the normal distribution of the data.Pearson correlation analysis and mediation analysis using Process were also conducted.Results The analysis of the data revealed that the correlation coefficient between research professional ethics and research quali-ty awareness and cognitive integrity in scientific research were all 0.301(P＜0.01).Additionally,the correlation coefficient be-tween research quality awareness and cognitive integrity in scientific research was 0.303(P＜0.01).The mediation analysis on the relationship between research professional ethics,research quality awareness,and cognitive integrity in scientific research showed that research professional ethics significantly predicted cognitive integrity in scientific research.Furthermore,even after adding the mediating variable of research quality awareness,research professional ethics still predicted cognitive integrity in scien-tific research.Conclusion There is a significant positive correlation between research professional ethics,research quality aware-ness,and cognitive integrity in scientific research among in-service medical personnel in a tertiary hospital in Karamay city.Re-search quality awareness plays a mediating role between research professional ethics and cognitive integrity in scientific research.

Objective:To understand the research ability, cognition, and training needs of clinical medical staff in a grade A tertiary hospital in Xinjiang and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:A convenience sampling method was applied to survey the clinical medical staff of our hospital with a questionnaire including general information, a self-assessment scale of research ability, and a survey of research cognition and training needs. A total of 618 questionnaires were collected with 609 valid returned responses, resulting in an effective return rate of 98.54%. Univariate and multiple linear regression analysis were applied to analyze the influencing factors of the total score of clinical medical staff's research ability.Results:The total score of research ability of 609 clinical medical personnel was 60.73±13.59. The results of multiple linear regression showed that participation in scientific research conferences, enthusiasm for scientific research activities, and the need for scientific research training all had positive effects on the self-assessment of scientific research ability, which together explained 52% of the total variance (adjusted R2=0.520, P<0.001). The top three " very important" options for medical staff research training were data analysis, research design, and research topic selection. Conclusions:Medical staff research skills need to be improved and there is a strong need for research training. Managers should refine scientific research management initiatives and provide hierarchical and targeted scientific research training to improve the overall medical staff's scientific research literacy and research ability, thereby promoting the progress of medical care in hospitals.

Objective:To understand the cognition of research integrity of in-service medical staff in a tertiary hospital in Xinjiang, provide possible reference for research integrity training.Methods:In March 2021, an electronic questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the knowledge of scientific research integrity of in-service medical staff in a tertiary hospital in Xinjiang. T test and analysis of variance were used for univariate analysis, and multiple linear regression was used for multivariate analysis.Results:550 valid questionnaires were collected in total, and the overall awareness rate of scientific research integrity of in-service medical staff was less than 60%. Univariate analysis showed that there were differences in cognitive score of scientific research integrity among medical staff who participating in different scientific research activities ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the educational level of the in-service medical staff, whether they participated in scientific research training, whether they had the qualifications of graduate student supervisor, the interaction between educational level and participation in scientific research training was statistically significant ( P<0.05). LSD test of educational level and participation in scientific research training showed that there was a statistically significant difference in educational level of participation in scientific research training ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The cognition of research integrity on in-service medical staff in a tertiary hospital in Xinjiang need to be enhanced, and their knowledge of research integrity need to be improved. Various measures should be carried out to strengthen the research integrity education and training, so as to improve the level of medical staff’s cognition of research integrity, and improve the medical staff’s attitudes of research integrity.

Objective:To understand the molecular epidemic characteristics and genes of human astrovirus (HAstV) in infantile diarrhea patients in Jilin province from 2017 to 2020.Methods:Fecal samples of hospitalized infants with diarrhea under 5 years of age from January 2017 to December 2020 were collected. The nucleic acids of fecal samples were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the positive amplification products were sequenced, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed.Results:A total of 2 019 fecal samples were collected, of which 71 were positive for HAstV, with a positive rate of 3.5%. Among the cases with positive samples of HAstV, 42 had mixed infection with other viruses causing diarrhea, accounting for 59.2% of the total number of positive cases, half of which were mixed infection with rotavirus and HAstV. From 2017 to 2020, the positive rates of HAstV were 4.69%, 1.98%, 5.93% and 0.43% per year, respectively. There were two epidemic peaks every year and one epidemic peak year every two years. The positive rate of 36-47 months old was the highest, followed by 0-2 months old. A total of 55 sequences were obtained in this study. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that they all belonged to classical HAstV, including 42 HAstV-1a subtypes, 8 HAstV-1b subtypes and 5 HAstV-5 subtypes.Conclusions:HAstV is one of the important pathogens of diarrhea in children under 5 years of age in Jilin province. The epidemic law has obvious seasonal and age differences. The dominant strain is HAstV-1a.

Objective:To explore the germline mutation frequency of genetic susceptibility genes and clinical characteristics in early-onset breast cancer (onset age ≤35 years) in China.Methods:Clinical information and peripheral blood of 150 patients aged 35 and younger diagnosed with breast cancer in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 were collected. Then DNA was extracted to detect germline mutations in breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) 1, BRCA2, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) , partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2) , tumor protein 53 (TP53) and cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) genes. Mutations were interpreted as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, uncertain significance, likely benign and benign according to the classification criteria and guidelines for genetic variation. Patients were divided into mutation group ( n=18) and non-mutation group ( n=132) according to the presence or absence of pathogenic or probable pathogenic germline mutations, and the χ2 test was used to analyze the relationships between genetic susceptibility gene mutations and clinicopathological characteristics. Results:Eighteen pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline mutations were detected in 150 patients with early-onset breast cancer, for an overall mutation frequency of 12.0%. Among them, there were 8 (5.3%) BRCA2 mutation, 7 (4.7%) BRCA1 mutation, 1 (0.7%) PALB2 mutation, and 2 (1.3%) TP53 mutation. There were no pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in ATM and CHEK2 genes. The mutation type was dominated by frameshift mutation (9/18, 50.0%) , followed by nonsense mutation (7/18, 38.9%) , missense mutation (1/18, 5.6%) and splice acceptor mutation (1/18, 5.6%) . Among the molecular subtypes of 18 mutation carriers, 9 cases were Luminal B, 6 cases were triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) , 2 cases were Luminal A, and only 1 case was human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) amplification. Among them, 8 BRCA2 mutation carriers were Luminal type, and 6 of 7 BRCA1 mutation carriers were TNBC type. There were no statistical differences in family history of breast cancer ( P=0.343) , estrogen receptor (ER) status ( χ2=0.16, P=0.688) , HER-2 status ( χ2=2.89, P=0.089) , molecular subtype ( χ2=1.99, P=0.575) , and initial diagnosis TNM stage ( χ2=2.49, P=0.115) between the mutation group and the non-mutation group. Conclusion:The patients with early-onset breast cancer have high frequency of germline mutations. It is recommended that patients with early-onset breast cancer undergo genetic counseling and multigene testing.

Objective:Constructing a scientific research performance evaluation index system based on the departments of a tertiary hospital in Xinjiang.Methods:Delphi method and the boundary value method are used to establish the scientific research performance evaluation indicators of the hospital clinical departments, then the analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weights of indicators at all levels.Results:A scientific research performance evaluation index system of a tertiary hospital in Xinjiang was set up, which including 3 first-level indicators, 14 second-level indicators, and 49 third-level indicators.Conclusions:The departmental scientific research performance evaluation index system established has reasonable scientificity, objectivity and feasibility, and it can be used as a reference for the evaluation of scientific research performance of departments in the tertiary hospitals.

Objective To investigate the effect of capillary electrophoresis﹣based multiplex PCR ( CEMP) in detecting pathogens for children respiratory tract infection,and to provide scientific basis for clin﹣ical diagnosis and treatment rapidly and accurately. Methods The cases were defined according to the na﹣tional monitoring program of febrile respiratory syndrome during the 12th Five﹣Year Plan,and the samples were collected from nasopharyngeal swabs,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum of children with respira﹣tory tract infection hospitalized in Changchun Children′s Hospital from January 2017 to February 2018. Multi﹣plex PCR amplification was performed by one﹣step method, then PCR products were separated by DNA length size with capillary electrophoresis and pathogens were analyzed by"Genemapper software" software. Detecting pathogens included Influenza A virus (InfA),Human Adenovirus (HADV),Boca virus ( Boca), Human Rhinovirus ( HRV), Novel InfA﹣09H1 ( InfA﹣09H1 ) and Seasonal Influenza virus H3N2 ( InfA﹣H3N2),Parainfluenza virus ( HPIV),Human metapneumonia virus ( HMPV), Influenza B virus ( InfB), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp),Chlamydia pneumoniae ( CP),Human Coronavirus ( HCOV),Human Re﹣spiratory Syncytial virus (HRSV). Results The effective detection rate of the CEMP assay was 95. 71%. The positive detection rate of respiratory tract pathogens was 62. 84% and the mixed infection rate was 9. 61%. The mixed infection was mainly InfA and HRSV. The highest three positive rates were named InfA, HRSV and Mp. The positive rate of HRSV was significantly higher in the 0﹣3 age group than that in older group. Different pathogens were detected in different age groups,and the high﹣occurrence season of respiratory tract infection with virus was from December to March of the next year. InfA﹣09H1 was the main prevalent influenza virus in January,February and March 2017,InfA﹣H3N2 was the main prevalent influenza virus in November and December 2017,and the outbreak of InfB was happened in Changchun in late 2017 and early 2018. HRSV was detected only in the coldest season in Changchun from November to March of the next year. Different pathogens were detected in different respiratory infection. HRSV was the main pathogen detec﹣ted in pneumonia; InfA﹣03H2 and HPIV were the main pathogens detected in acute bronchitis; HRV and InfA were the main pathogens detected in upper respiratory tract infection. Conclusion CEMP is an effi﹣cient,rapid and accurate method for the detection of pathogens in patients with respiratory tract infections,and it will have a broad application prospect to develop reagents suitable for clinical diagnosis.