OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of moxibustion on small intestinal mucosal immune barrier in rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Of 38 newborn rats from 4 healthy SPF pregnant rats, 12 neonatal rats were randomly selected in a normal group. IBS-D model was prepared by the combined measures for the rest rats, including neonatal maternal separation, acetic acid enema and chronic restraint stress. Twenty-four successfully-modeled rats were randomized into a model group and a moxibustion group, 12 rats in each one. In the moxibustion group, suspending moxibustion was delivered at bilateral "Tianshu" (ST25) and "Shangjuxu" (ST37), 20 min each time, once daily and for 7 consecutive days. Separately, before acetic acid enema (aged 35 days), after modeling (aged 45 days) and after intervention (aged 53 days), the body mass, loose stool rate (LSR) and and the minimum volume threshold when abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scored 3 were observed in the rats of each group. After intervention (aged 53 days), using HE and PAS staining, the morphology of duodenum was observed, the length of villus and the depth of crypt were measured, the ratio of the length of villus to the depth of crypt was calculated; and the numbers of mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and goblet cells were counted. With ELISA adopted, the contents of γ-interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in duodenal mucosa of rats were detected. The proportion of T cell subsets in duodenal mucosa was detected using flow cytometry. The microvilli and tight junctions of duodenal mucosal epithelial cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the integrity of duodenal mucosa observed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, for the rats in the model group, the body mass, the minimum volume threshold when AWR scored 3, the length of duodenal villus and the the ratio of the length of villus to the depth of crypt, as well as the proportion of CD₈⁺ T subset were all reduced (P<0.01, P<0.05), the counts of goblet cells in duodenal mucosa decreased (P<0.01); LRS, the proportion of CD₄⁺ T subset and CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺, as well as the contents of IFN-γ, IL-4 and sIgA in duodenal mucosa and IFN-γ/IL-4 were all elevated (P<0.01); and the numbers of IELs rose (P<0.01). The morphology of duodenal mucosa was irregular, the villi got shorter, sparse and scattered, with uneven density. The morphology of epithelial cells was destroyed and the tight junctions damaged, with larger spaces. When compared with the model group, in the moxibustion group, the body mass, the minimum volume threshold when AWR scored 3, the length of duodenal villus and the ratio of the length of villus to the depth of crypt, as well as the counts of goblet cells in duodenal mucosa increased (P<0.01); LRS, the proportion of CD₄⁺ T subset, and CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺, as well as the contents of IFN-γ, IL-4 and sIgA in duodenal mucosa and IFN-γ/IL-4 were reduced (P<0.01); and the numbers of IELs was dropped (P<0.01). The morphology of duodenal mucosa was more regular, the villi were grew, got longer and arranged regularly, with even density. The morphology of epithelial cells was slightly destroyed, and the tight junctions partially damaged. CONCLUSION Moxibustion at "Tianshu" (ST25) and "Shangjuxu" (ST37) can reduce visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D rats and relieve abdominal pain, diarrhea and other symptoms. Its effect mechanism may be related to the repair of small intestinal mucosal immune barrier and the improvement in the immune function in IBS-D.
Animals ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/immunology* ; Rats ; Moxibustion ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology* ; Female ; Diarrhea/therapy* ; Intestine, Small/immunology* ; Male ; Humans ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Disease Models, Animal

Glioma represents the most prevalent malignant tumor of the central nervous system, with chemotherapy serving as an essential adjunctive treatment. However, most chemotherapeutic agents exhibit limited ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study introduced a novel dual-targeting strategy for glioma therapy by modulating the formation of nanobody-driven protein coronas to enhance the brain and tumor-targeting efficiency of hydrophobic cisplatin prodrug-loaded lipid nanoparticles (C8Pt-Ls). Specifically, nanobodies (Nbs) with fibrinogen-binding capabilities were conjugated to the surface of C8Pt-Ls, resulting in the generation of Nb-C8Pt-Ls. Within the bloodstream, Nb-C8Pt-Ls could bound more fibrinogen, forming the protein corona that specifically interacted with LRP-1, a receptor highly expressed on the BBB. This interaction enabled a "Hitchhiking Effect" mechanism, facilitating efficient trans-BBB transport and promoting effective brain targeting. Additionally, the protein corona interacted with LRP-1, which is also overexpressed in glioma cells, achieving precise tumor targeting. Computational simulations and SPR detection clarified the molecular interaction mechanism of the Nb-fibrinogen-(LRP-1) complex, confirming its binding specificity and stability. Our results demonstrated that this strategy significantly enhanced C8Pt accumulation in brain tissues and tumors, induced apoptosis in glioma cells, and improved therapeutic efficacy. This study provides a novel framework for glioma therapy and underscores the potential of protein corona modulation-based dual-targeting strategies in advancing treatments for brain tumors.

AIM:This study was performed to investigate the impact of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)on scar formation following urethral trauma.METHODS:(1)Clinical samples were derived from patients of Department of Urology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University,from June 2021 to December 2022.Levels of NETs in the blood and urine were compared between patients with urethral trauma(n=20)and those without urethral trauma(controls,n=20).The relationship between NETs and scar formation was analyzed.(2)Urethral fibroblasts were isolated from urethral scar tissues,and neutrophils were induced to produce NETs in vitro.The urethral fibroblasts were treated with normal saline,0.5 mg/L NETs,or 1.5 mg/L NETs to investigate the effects of NETs on activation and collagen syn-thesis of urethral fibroblasts.Additionally,a rabbit model of urethral trauma was established and the animals were dioided into four groups to explore the therapeutic potential of deoxyribonuclease I(DNase I)in preventing urethral scar forma-tion:control,operation + transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),operation + normal saline,and operation+DNase I.RESULTS:The level of NETs in urine increased after urethral trauma(P<0.05),but the level of NETs in blood did not change(P>0.05).In the animal models,the urethral scar became more severe as the level of NETs in the urine increased(P<0.05).At the cellular level,NETs promoted the viability,migration,and collagen synthesis of urethral fibroblasts(P<0.05)..Additionally,urethral injection of DNase I after trauma reduced the level of NETs and inhibited the formation of urethral scar tissue in the animal models(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Infiltration of NETs promotes activation of urethral fibroblasts and scar formation after urethral trauma.

The aim of this study is to investigate the immune effect of H9 subtype avian influenza virus(AIV)NP protein on mice and lay the foundation for the development of avian influenza vi-rus(AIV)vaccine.The H9N2 virus NP gene amplification product was cloned into the pET-32a expression vector,and the protein expression was verified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot,and the immune effect was evaluated by measuring the secretion of supernatant multicytokines in mouse splenocytes culture.The results showed that the total length of the coding region sequence of NP gene was 1 497 bp,NP recombinant proteins exist in both soluble and insoluble protein forms,and the specific bands were visible in Western blot.After immunizing mice,serum produces IgG-bind-ing antibodies with antibody titers of 1∶40 000.Compared with the control group,IL-2,IL-5 and IL-13 were significantly increased(P＜0.001),and the secretion of IL-6 was significantly increased compared with the control group.IL-4 and IL-12 p70 secretions were elevated compared with con-trols,but there was no significant difference.Compared with the control group,the secretions of IL-1β,IL-18,GM-CMF,TNF-α and IFN-γ were inhibited,but the difference was not significant(P＞0.05).The results showed that NP recombinant protein is a good immunogen,laying a foundation for in-depth research on influenza vaccine.

In order to solve the problems of quality control and traceability of medical test lung for meeting the calibration conditions of JJF 1234-2018 Calibration Specification for Ventilators, the calibration device and method are researched for compliance and airway resistance of medical test lung in this paper. A calibration device for medical test lung is designed using constant volume active piston technology to simulate human breathing. Through comparison experiment, the deviation between this device and the similar foreign device can be found. The deviation is lower than 0.4% for lung compliance and lower than 0.7% for airway resistance. The calibration of lung compliance and airway resistance can be completed by this device. This device has a clear and complete traceability path to ensure quality control from the source. The calibration of ventilator is improved. This paper provides a reference for related metrology departments and medical institutions to study on quality inspection of respiratory medical instruments.
Humans ; Calibration ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Respiration ; Quality Control ; Lung

Objective:To investigate correlations between blood lipid levels and clinical characteristics of patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) in Fujian province.Methods:Totally, 245 PsV patients were enrolled from Department of Dermatology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from March 2019 to March 2022, and 250 gender-, age-, and body mass index-matched health checkup examinees served as controls. Their biochemical indicators, such as blood lipids, liver function, and kidney function, were evaluated. Clinical data, such as disease courses, involvement of specific sites, history of smoking and alcohol consumption, and family history of psoriasis, were collected from the PsV patients, and correlations between these clinical data and dyslipidemia were analyzed. Measurement data were compared using t test or Mann-Whitney U test, and enumeration data were compared using chi-square test. Results:There were 122 (50.8%) patients with dyslipidemia in the PsV group and 94 (37.6%) in the control group, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia significantly differed between the two groups ( χ2 = 7.48, P = 0.006). The prevalence of hypo-high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia was significantly higher in the PsV group (29.8%) than in the control group (18.8%; χ2 = 8.15, P = 0.004). The PsV group showed significantly decreased serum levels of total cholesterol (4.5[3.9, 5.2] mmol/L), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (1.1[1.0, 1.3] mmol/L), and apolipoprotein A1 (1.2[1.1, 1.4] g/L) compared with the control group (4.9[4.3, 5.4] mmol/L, 1.3[1.1, 1.5] mmol/L, 1.3[1.2, 1.5] g/L, respectively; all P < 0.001). The proportions of males, patients with a history of alcohol consumption, and patients with involvement of the palmoplantar sites were significantly higher in the PsV patients with dyslipidemia (92.6%, 13.1%, 13.8%, respectively) than in those without dyslipidemia (70.7%, 6.0%, 5.0%, respectively; all P < 0.001). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that "male" and "BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2" were independent risk factors for dyslipidemia in the PsV patients ( OR [95% CI]: 3.94 [1.74, 9.74], 3.18 [1.71, 6.09], respectively), and "involvement of the palmoplantar sites" was independently associated with increased risk of hyperlipidemia ( OR [95% CI]: 3.38 [1.18, 11.01]) . Conclusion:The prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in PsV patients than in healthy populations, and PsV patients being males, having BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 and with involvement of palmoplantar sites may be prone to develop lipid metabolism disorders.

The biological samples of oral genetic diseases and rare diseases are extremely precious. Collecting and preserving these biological samples are helpful to elucidate the mechanisms and improve the level of diagnose and treatment of oral genetic diseases and rare diseases. The standardized construction of biobanks for oral genetic diseases and rare diseases is important for achieving these goals. At present, there is very little information on the construction of these biobanks, and the standards or suggestions for the classification and coding of biological samples from oral and maxillofacial sources, and this is not conducive to the standardization and information construction of biobanks for special oral diseases. This consensus summarizes the background, necessity, principles, and key points of constructing the biobank for oral genetic diseases and rare diseases. On the base of the group standard "Classification and Coding for Human Biomaterial" (GB/T 39768-2021) issued by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Biological Samples, we suggest 76 new coding numbers for different of biological samples from oral and maxillofacial sources. We hope the consensus may promote the standardization, and smartization on the biobank construction as well as the overall research level of oral genetic diseases and rare diseases in China.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a non-specific inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that is generally accepted to be closely related to intestinal dysbiosis in the host. GI infections contribute a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD; however, although the results of recent clinical studies have revealed an inverse correlation between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and IBD, the exact mechanism underlying the development of IBD remains unclear. H. pylori, as a star microorganism, has been a focus for decades, and recent preclinical and real-world studies have demonstrated that H. pylori not only affects the changes in the gastric microbiota and microenvironment but also influences the intestinal microbiota, indicating a potential correlation with IBD. Detailed analysis revealed that H. pylori infection increased the diversity of the intestinal microbiota, reduced the abundance of Bacteroidetes, augmented the abundance of Firmicutes, and produced short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia. All these factors may decrease vulnerability to IBD. Further studies investigating the H. pylori-intestinal microbiota metabolite axis should be performed to understand the mechanism underlying the development of IBD.
Chronic Disease ; Dysbiosis/microbiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Helicobacter Infections ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology* ; Microbiota

Objective:To compare the effects of different doses of ticagrelor on microcirculation, inflammatory factors and cardiac function in older adult patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:A total of 250 older adult patients with coronary heart disease who received PCI in The First People's Hospital of Wenling, China between March 2019 and March 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned into group A and group B, with 125 patients per group. The group A was subjected to staged exercise and oral ticagrelor (45 mg once, twice a day). The group B was given staged exercise and oral ticagrelor (90 mg once, twice a day). Platelet function (maximum platelet aggregation rate, P2Y12 reaction unit), microcirculation (the index of microcirculatory resistance, circulatory flow reserve), inflammatory factor levels (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6), cardiac function recovery (left ventricular ejection fraction, 6-minute walk test, maximal oxygen consumption), cardiovascular adverse events, and bleeding events were compared between the two groups.Results:After treatment, maximum platelet aggregation rate and P2Y12 reaction unit in group B were (28.79 ± 3.52)% and (132.36 ± 12.16) U, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in group A [(33.45 ± 4.60)%, (146.79 ± 13.52) U, t = 8.99, 8.87, both P < 0.001]. After treatment, the index of microcirculatory resistance in group B was significantly lower than that in group A [(26.43 ± 4.51) vs. (29.68 ± 5.14), t = 5.31, P < 0.001]. Circulatory flow reserve in group B was significantly higher than that in group A [(2.16 ± 0.62) vs. (1.61 ± 0.50), t = 7.72, P < 0.001]. After treatment, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in group B were (39.54 ± 6.74) ng/L, (19.68 ± 4.06) ng/L, (5.98 ± 1.35) mg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in group A [(28.26 ± 6.15) ng/L, (15.33 ± 3.87) ng/L, (4.83 ± 1.28) mg/L, t = 13.82, 8.67, 6.91, all P < 0.001]. After treatment, left ventricular ejection fraction, 6-minute walk test, maximal oxygen consumption in group B were (37.39 ± 5.10)%, (443.28 ± 29.64) m, (19.69 ± 3.57) L/min, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in group A [(34.64 ± 4.86)%, (410.45 ± 25.76) m, (17.33 ± 3.27) L/min, t = 4.36, 9.34, 5.45, all P < 0.001]. There was no significant difference in total incidence of cardiovascular events between the two groups (χ 2 = 0.05, P > 0.05). The incidence of bleeding events in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (4.80% vs. 13.60%, χ 2 = 5.79, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Compared with ticagrelor 90 mg/d, ticagrelor 180 mg/d can more greatly improve platelet function and microcirculation, reduce inflammatory reaction, promote the recovery of cardiac function, and reduce bleeding events in older adult patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Objective: To understand the awareness of HIV testing results before having sex among men who have sex with men （MSM） . Methods: The MSM from a gay bar in Zhejiang Province were recruited through convenience sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the information about demographic characteristics,sexual behaviors,awareness of HIV status between sexual partners and HIV testing results during August of the year 2016. The awareness of HIV testing results before having sex among MSM and the influencing factors were analyzed . Results: A total of 124 MSM were recruited in this study,56.56% of whom aged from 25 to 39 years,and 61.29% were single,divorced or widowed. The number of sexual partners they had in the last year ranged from 1 to 40,with median of 8. The MSM who had casual sexual partners accounted for 70.97%. The MSM who had regular HIV testing accounted for 90.32%,yet who would like to share the HIV testing reports with partners only accounted for 18.55%. Whether asking about the HIV status before having sex or not was associated with age,marriage status,the number and characters of sexual partners（P<0.05）. The MSM who were informed of the HIV status of commercial partners,casual partners and regular partners accounted for 0,5.10% and 19.77%,respectively. The main reasons for MSM not knowing about the HIV status of their sexual partners were“condom use would prevent HIV infection”（78.38%）,“never thought about HIV infection”（53.15%）,and “there was no need to ask as the partner looked healthy”（36.94%） . Conclusion The proportion of MSM who were aware of HIV testing results before having sex was not high and was associated with age,marriage status,the number and characters of sexual partners. Lack of knowledge about HIV infection might contributed to this low proportion.