Objective:To explore the serum interleukin (ILs) expression profiles and peripheral blood inflammatory index characteristics in patients with diabetic retinopathy of different severity.Methods:A retrospective selection was made of 543 patients with diabetic retinopathy who were treated in the Xi′an Ai′er Ancient City Eye Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. According to the severity of retinopathy, they were divided into the non-proliferative retinopathy group ( n=409) and the proliferative retinopathy group ( n=134). Differences in basic clinical data, serum ILs expression profiles (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17), and peripheral blood inflammatory indices [neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI)] between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen risk factors for the severity of diabetic retinopathy. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of risk factors in predicting proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Results:The duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the proportion of patients with poor adherence to blood glucose control drugs, the proportion of patients with combined ocular symptoms, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, as well as NLR, SII, and SIRI in the proliferative retinopathy group were higher than those in the non-proliferative retinopathy group, while the IL-10 level was lower (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and NLR were important risk factors for the severity of diabetic retinopathy, and IL-10 was an important protective factor (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for the combined prediction of the severity of diabetic retinopathy by IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and NLR was 0.928(95% CI: 0.870-0.986). Conclusions:Higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, NLR and lower level of IL-10 in patients with diabetic retinopathy are important risk factors for the severity of the disease. Early intervention to reduce the inflammatory level in patients with diabetic retinopathy may help prevent disease progression.

Objective:To explore the serum interleukin (ILs) expression profiles and peripheral blood inflammatory index characteristics in patients with diabetic retinopathy of different severity.Methods:A retrospective selection was made of 543 patients with diabetic retinopathy who were treated in the Xi′an Ai′er Ancient City Eye Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. According to the severity of retinopathy, they were divided into the non-proliferative retinopathy group ( n=409) and the proliferative retinopathy group ( n=134). Differences in basic clinical data, serum ILs expression profiles (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17), and peripheral blood inflammatory indices [neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI)] between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen risk factors for the severity of diabetic retinopathy. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of risk factors in predicting proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Results:The duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the proportion of patients with poor adherence to blood glucose control drugs, the proportion of patients with combined ocular symptoms, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, as well as NLR, SII, and SIRI in the proliferative retinopathy group were higher than those in the non-proliferative retinopathy group, while the IL-10 level was lower (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and NLR were important risk factors for the severity of diabetic retinopathy, and IL-10 was an important protective factor (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for the combined prediction of the severity of diabetic retinopathy by IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and NLR was 0.928(95% CI: 0.870-0.986). Conclusions:Higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, NLR and lower level of IL-10 in patients with diabetic retinopathy are important risk factors for the severity of the disease. Early intervention to reduce the inflammatory level in patients with diabetic retinopathy may help prevent disease progression.