Objective:To study the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of electroacupuncture on rats with cardiopulmo-nary resuscitation based on cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway(CAP).Methods:Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(Sham group),cardiopulmonary resuscitation group,electroacupuncture group,antagonist of α7-nicotinic ace-tylcholine receptor(α7nAChR)α Bungarus toxin group(αBGT group,1 μg/kg)and agonist of α7nAChR 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyli-dene)anabaseine(GTS-21)group(5 mg/kg),with 12 rats in each group.Model of cardiac arrest was established by inducing ventric-ular fibrillation in rats with percutaneous epicardial electrical stimulation,and routine resuscitation was performed,the defibrillation times,cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration and 72 h survival rate of rats in each group were observed and recorded.Neurological damage of rats in each group was scored(NDS score).Levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in serum,heart,lung and brain of rats were measured by ELISA.HE staining was applied to evaluate the degree of tissue damage of heart,lung and brain tis-sues of rats in each group.Expressions of α7nAChR,NF-κB/MAPKs signal pathway related proteins in heart,lung and brain of rats in each group were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with Sham group,the number of defibrillations,duration of cardiopul-monary resuscitation,NDS score,levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in serum,heart,lung and brain tissues,and NF-κB p65 protein in heart,lung and brain tissues in cardiopulmonary resuscitation group increased greatly(P<0.05),the 72 h survival rate,phosphory-lation levels of α7nAChR protein,ERK1/2,JNK and p38MAPK in heart,lung and brain tissues decreased greatly after restoration of spontaneous circulation(P<0.05),cells and neurons in the CA1 region of heart,lung and hippocampus were severely damaged.Com-pared with cardiopulmonary resuscitation group,change trend of relevant indicators in electroacupuncture group was opposite to the above,damage of cells and neurons in rat heart,lung and brain tissue was reduced(P<0.05).αBGT reduced the anti-inflammatory effect of electroacupuncture on cardiopulmonary resuscitation rats(P<0.05).GTS-21 enhanced the anti-inflammatory protection of electroacupuncture on cardiopulmonary resuscitation rats(P<0.05).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture has anti-inflammatory and pro-tective effects on cardiopulmonary resuscitation rats based on CAP,and NF-κB/MAPKs participate in α7nAChR mediated CAP.

Objective:To study the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of electroacupuncture on rats with cardiopulmo-nary resuscitation based on cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway(CAP).Methods:Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(Sham group),cardiopulmonary resuscitation group,electroacupuncture group,antagonist of α7-nicotinic ace-tylcholine receptor(α7nAChR)α Bungarus toxin group(αBGT group,1 μg/kg)and agonist of α7nAChR 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyli-dene)anabaseine(GTS-21)group(5 mg/kg),with 12 rats in each group.Model of cardiac arrest was established by inducing ventric-ular fibrillation in rats with percutaneous epicardial electrical stimulation,and routine resuscitation was performed,the defibrillation times,cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration and 72 h survival rate of rats in each group were observed and recorded.Neurological damage of rats in each group was scored(NDS score).Levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in serum,heart,lung and brain of rats were measured by ELISA.HE staining was applied to evaluate the degree of tissue damage of heart,lung and brain tis-sues of rats in each group.Expressions of α7nAChR,NF-κB/MAPKs signal pathway related proteins in heart,lung and brain of rats in each group were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with Sham group,the number of defibrillations,duration of cardiopul-monary resuscitation,NDS score,levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in serum,heart,lung and brain tissues,and NF-κB p65 protein in heart,lung and brain tissues in cardiopulmonary resuscitation group increased greatly(P<0.05),the 72 h survival rate,phosphory-lation levels of α7nAChR protein,ERK1/2,JNK and p38MAPK in heart,lung and brain tissues decreased greatly after restoration of spontaneous circulation(P<0.05),cells and neurons in the CA1 region of heart,lung and hippocampus were severely damaged.Com-pared with cardiopulmonary resuscitation group,change trend of relevant indicators in electroacupuncture group was opposite to the above,damage of cells and neurons in rat heart,lung and brain tissue was reduced(P<0.05).αBGT reduced the anti-inflammatory effect of electroacupuncture on cardiopulmonary resuscitation rats(P<0.05).GTS-21 enhanced the anti-inflammatory protection of electroacupuncture on cardiopulmonary resuscitation rats(P<0.05).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture has anti-inflammatory and pro-tective effects on cardiopulmonary resuscitation rats based on CAP,and NF-κB/MAPKs participate in α7nAChR mediated CAP.

ObjectiveTo investigate the modifiable areal unit problem （MAUP） in the spatial pattern of Pseudostellaria heterophylla production regions and reveal the impact of statistical scales on the spatial distribution characteristics of this medicinal plant species. MethodsUsing multi-source data （literature records， field surveys， and statistical data）， we systematically analyzed the spatial patterns across three administrative levels （provincial， prefectural， and county scales）. Spatial autocorrelation （Moran's I） analysis， high-low clustering （Getis-Ord General G）， and hot/cold spot analysis （Getis-Ord Gi*） were employed. ResultsThe literature-based analysis showed that the production regions of P. heterophylla presented random distribution on the provincial scale and significant aggregation on the prefectural scale. The field survey data showed that the production regions displayed random distribution on the provincial scale but significant aggregation on both prefectural and county scales. The statistical data revealed that the production regions lacked spatial autocorrelation on the provincial scale but demonstrated significant aggregation on prefectural and county scales. ConclusionMAUP effects have substantive implications for understanding and decision-making in the arrangement of medicinal plant production regions. The county scale proves to be the most sensitive and explanatory level for analyzing the spatial pattern of P. heterophylla production regions， providing a critical foundation for habitat modeling， suitability evaluation， and ecological cultivation planning of medicinal plants.

Diabetic retinopathy, a prevalent and vision-threatening microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, is the leading cause of blindness among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Natural diterpenoids isolated from Siegesbeckia pubescens demonstrate potent anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to identify novel bioactive diterpenoids from S. pubescens and investigate their effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in diabetic retinopathy, both in vitro and in vivo. Three new ent-pimarane-type diterpenoids (1-3) and six known compounds (4-9) were isolated from the aerial parts of S. pubescens. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic data interpretation, and absolute configurations were determined by comparing calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Among these compounds, 14β,16-epoxy-ent-3β,15α,19-trihydroxypimar-7-ene (5) exhibited the most potent protective effect against high glucose and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-stimulated human retinal endothelial cells. Mechanistically, compound 5 promoted endothelial cell survival while ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammatory response in diabetic retinopathy, both in vivo and in vitro. These findings not only suggest that diterpenoids such as compound 5 are important anti-inflammatory constituents in S. pubescens, but also indicate that compound 5 may serve as a lead compound for preventing or treating vascular complications associated with diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism* ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Animals ; Diterpenes, Kaurane/administration & dosage* ; Asteraceae/chemistry* ; Male ; Endothelial Cells/drug effects* ; Abietanes/administration & dosage* ; Molecular Structure ; Mice ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Objective To investigate the expression of forkhead box P3(Foxp3)in peripheral blood of children with bronchial asthma and its relationship with airway hyper-responsiveness and body allergy.Methods A total of 80 children with bronchial asthma treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from July 2024 to June 2025 were selected as experimental group,and 47 health-y children with physical examinations in the same period were selected as control group.Airway hy-per-responsiveness indicators(respiratory resistance,bronchial stimulant reaction threshold,and re-sistance increase slope),body allergy indicators[serum immunoglobulin E(IgE),eosinophil cationic protein(ECP),and eosinophil count(EOS)],pulmonary function indicators[peak expiratory flow(PEF),forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV,),forced vital capacity(FVC),and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC)],and the expression level of Foxp3 in peripheral blood were compared between the two groups.Pearson corre-lation analysis was used to explore the correlations of Foxp3 with airway hyper-responsiveness and body allergy.Results The respiratory resistance and resistance increase slope in the control group were significantly lower than those in the experimental group,while the reaction threshold was signif-icantly higher than that in the experimental group(P＜0.05).The levels of IgE,ECP and EOS in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The FEV1,FVC,PEF,and FEV1/FVC in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The expression level of Foxp3 in the experimental group was(3.04±0.22),which was significantly lower than(4.22±0.41)in the control group(P＜0.05).Foxp3 was significantly correlated with respiratory resistance(r=-0.700,P＜0.001),reaction thresh-old(r=0.704,P＜0.001),resistance increase slope(r=-0.842,P＜0.001),IgE(r=0.864,P＜0.001),ECP(r=-0.684,P＜0.001),and EOS(r=-0.854,P＜0.001).Con-clusion The decreased Foxp3 in peripheral blood in children with bronchial asthma is associated with aggravated airway hyper-responsiveness and body allergy,suggesting that Foxp3 may be in-volved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.

Humans ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology* ; Genetic Markers ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Urothelium/pathology*

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and clinical significance of allergens in children with allergic diseases in Yangzhou area. Methods A total of 1, 025 children who were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from December 2022 to December 2023 and tested for allergens were selected as study objects. The detection results of allergens were collected and the distribution characteristics of allergens were analyzed. Results Among the 1, 025 children with allergy-related diseases, 83.41% (855 cases) tested positive for allergens, with a positive rate of 66.24% (679 cases) for inhalant allergens and 61.17% (627 cases) for food allergens. The most common allergens were milk (36.20%), molds (33.27%), and house dust mites (30.34%). There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of allergens among different age groups (P>0.05). The positive rate of allergen detection in boys was higher than that in girls, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The positive rate of inhalation allergens in children with respiratory symptoms was higher than that of food allergens, and the positive rate of food allergens in children with digestive tract symptoms was higher than that of inhalation allergens (P < 0.05). For children with immune system diseases such as skin symptoms and allergic purpura, there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rates of inhalant and food allergens (P>0.05). Conclusion The most common allergens in children with allergic diseases in Yangzhou area are milk, molds, and dust mites. Allergen testing can provide reference opinions for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of allergic diseases in children in Yangzhou area.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for the rational use of antiemetic drugs in tumor chemotherapy patients. METHODS The data of tumor patients who were given antiemetic drugs were collected from 9 departments of our hospital with hospital information system from Oct. 1st to Nov. 30th in 2022， such as oncology department， radiotherapy department， gynecology department， and gastroenterology department. The application of chemotherapy drugs and the use of antiemetic drugs were analyzed statistically， and the irrational use of antiemetic drugs was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 520 patients were included， involving 248 （47.69%） using chemotherapy drugs with a moderate emetogenic risk level and 135 （25.96%） with a high emetogenic risk level. A total of 461 cases （73.06%） of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3-receptor antagonists were used， including palonosetron in 333 cases， ondansetron in 106 cases， tropisetron in 15 cases and granisetron in 7 cases， and only 148 cases of patients were prioritized for the use of nationally procured medicines and national essential medicines （32.10%）. Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists were used in 170 cases （26.94%）， including fosaprepitant in 112 cases and aprepitant in 58 cases. The use of antiemetic drugs was unreasonable in 162 patients （31.15%）； among the types of irrational drugs， the antiemetic regimen was unreasonable in the largest number of cases （22.40%）， followed by the irrational pharmacoeconomics （19.13%）. CONCLUSIONS The emetogenic risk levels of chemotherapy drugs used for tumor patients in our hospital are primarily moderate to high， and there is irrational use of antiemetic regimen and pharmacoeconomics. Clinicians， nurses， pharmacists and hospital departments should collaborate as multiple teams to strengthen full supervision of the standardization of antiemetic drugs， reasonably select antiemetic drugs based on emetogenicity rating， and improve the compliance of doctors with the guidelines to ensure the safety， effectiveness， and cost-effective of patient medication.

Objective: To investigate the status and identify the influencing factors of smoking among residents in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into tobacco control. Methods: Permanent residents aged 15 to 69 years in Shaoxing City were recruited using the stratified multistage random sampling method from June to December 2022, and smoking behaviors and health literacy were collected using the National Questionnaire for Surveillance on Healthy Literacy in Chinese Residents. Factors affecting smoking were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 4 156 questionnaires were allocated, and 4 055 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.57%. There were 1 899 men (46.83%), 2 073 residents in rural areas (51.12%), and 3 256 married residents (80.30%). There were 805 smokers, and the rate of smoking was 19.85%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male (OR=169.861, 95%CI: 92.335-312.481), age (25-<35 years, OR=8.768, 95%CI: 2.964-25.937; 35-<45 years, OR=9.271, 95%CI: 3.077-27.933; 45-<55 years, OR=10.467, 95%CI: 3.498-31.327; 55-<65 years, OR=8.880, 95%CI: 2.964-26.608; 65-69 years, OR=6.115, 95%CI: 1.992-18.774), marital status (divorced, OR=2.035, 95%CI: 1.260-3.287; widowed, OR=2.317, 95%CI: 1.337-4.016), educational level (illiterate or semi-literate, OR=2.724, 95%CI: 1.515-4.898; primary school, OR=2.734, 95%CI: 1.823-4.100; junior high school, OR=2.003, 95%CI: 1.423-2.820; high school/vocational high school /technical secondary school, OR=1.625, 95%CI: 1.148-2.299), self-rated health status (general, OR=0.788, 95%CI: 0.623-0.996; relatively poor, OR=0.343, 95%CI: 0.191-0.617) and lack of basic health skills (OR=1.290, 95%CI: 1.007-1.653) were associated with smoking. Conclusions The smoking rate among residents in Shaoxing City is relatively low, and might be influenced by gender, age, marital status, educational level, self-rated health status, and basic health skills.

Objective The study aimed to elucidate the evolution of the syndromes in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and TCM syndrome elements in different chronic stages of psoriasis vulgaris.Methods A database was constructed using electronic medical records collected from July 2019 to March 2024 from 1,049 patients with psoriasis vulgaris.The study used Sankey diagrams and network association graphs to analyze the evolution of TCM syndromes and their elements in patients at the different stages:initial diagnosis,progressive stage(Week 2-3),progressive stage(Week 4-5),skin lesion improvement stage(Week 6-7),and remission stage.The syndrome elements network was constructed using community detection algorithms,and the association rules between local skin lesion syndrome differentiation and overall syndrome differentiation were displayed using heatmaps.Results(ⅰ)Initial diagnosis.In the syndrome differentiation of local skin lesions,blood heat syndrome was the most common(79.79％);among the disease location of TCM syndrome elements(called"disease location"),liver was the most prevalent(35.62％);and among the pathological factors of TCM syndrome elements(called"pathological factors"),fire(heat)was the most common(75.48％).(ⅱ)Active stage(Week 2-3).In the syndrome differentiation of local skin lesions,blood heat syndrome remained the most prevalent(73.13％);among the disease location,liver was still the most prevalent(31.71％);and among the pathological factors,fire(heat)continued to be the most common(82.11％),while dampness(22.26％)and qi stagnation(8.39％)began to increase.(ⅲ)Active stage(Week 4-5).The syndrome differentiation of local skin lesions was dominated by blood heat syndrome(45.91％)and blood dryness syndrome(37.19％);among disease location,the interior was the most prevalent(15.25％);and among the pathological factors,fire(heat)remained the most common(50.66％),with an increase in yin deficiency(34.26％).(ⅳ)Skin lesion improvement stage(Week 6-7).In the syndrome differentiation of local skin lesions,both blood dryness syndrome(49.44％)and blood stasis syndrome(33.33％)increased;among the disease location,meridians increased most significantly and became the most prevalent(13.44％);and among the pathological factors,blood stasis increased most significantly and became the most prevalent(28.20％).(ⅴ)Remission stage.In the syndrome differentiation of local skin lesions,blood stasis syndrome became the primary(55.69％),while the percentage of blood dryness syndrome decreased(21.16％);meridians(25.71％)and blood stasis(62.34％)remained the most predominant syndrome elements related to disease location or pathological factors.Conclusion The overall pattern of TCM syndromes in psoriasis vulgaris evolved from excess to deficiency.From the initial diagnosis to the active phase(Week 2-3),heat syndrome dominated;during the active phase(Week 4-5),heat syndrome coexisted with damp syndrome or yin deficiency syndrome;changes in the syndrome element network were the most significant during the lesion improvement phase,with blood stasis gradually increasing and peaking during the remission phase.Blood stasis,dampness,and qi stagnation were pervasive throughout psoriasis vulgaris;qi stagnation and blood stasis may be the main elements causing further deterioration and prolonged course of the disease during the active phase in patients.