Objective:To comparatively observe optical coherence tomography (OCT) image features between traumatic macular hole (TMH) and idiopathic macular hole (IMH).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. A total of 174 patients (174 eyes) with macular hole (MH) diagnosed at Shantou International Eye Center from December 2008 to May 2024 were included in the study. Among them, there were 75 patients (75 eyes) with TMH and 99 patients (99 eyes) with IMH, and they were divided into the TMH group and the IMH group accordingly. All the affected eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT examinations. The BCVA was examined using a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and was converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity for statistical analysis. The minimum diameter and basal diameter of the MH, as well as the average, nasal, superior, inferior, and temporal center retinal thickness (CRT) around the MH were measured by OCT. The independent-sample t test was used to compare the logMAR BCVA, hole diameter, and CRT at the hole margin between the groups. Results:There were significant differences in age ( t=-15.857) and gender ratio ( χ2=28.154) between the TMH group and the IMH group ( P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in logMAR BCVA ( t=1.962, P>0.05). The minimum diameter of the hole in the TMH group was smaller than that in the IMH group, but the basal diameter was larger, with significant differences ( t=-3.322, 2.570; P<0.05). The thickness of the neuroepithelial layer at the hole margin in the TMH group was thinner than that in the IMH group, with significant differences in the superior ( t=-2.747), inferior ( t=-2.316), and nasal ( t=-2.851) regions ( P<0.05), and no significant difference in the temporal region ( t=-1.586, P>0.05). In the TMH group, the number of eyes with macular cystoid edema (CME), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), retinal atrophy, subretinal hemorrhage, choroidal laceration, and focal neuroepithelial detachment was 36 (48.00%, 36/75), 4 (5.33%, 4/75), 4 (5.33%, 4/75), 15 (20.00%, 15/75), 8 (10.67%, 8/75), and 19 (25.33%, 19/75) eyes, respectively. In the IMH group, the number of eyes with CME and PVD was 95 (95.96%, 95/99) and 94 (94.95%, 94/99) eyes, respectively. Conclusion:Compared with IMH, TMH has a larger basal diameter, a thinner CRT at the hole margin, a lower incidence of CME and PVD, and a higher incidence of subretinal hemorrhage, focal neuroepithelial detachment, choroidal laceration, and retinal atrophy.

Objective:To comparatively observe optical coherence tomography (OCT) image features between traumatic macular hole (TMH) and idiopathic macular hole (IMH).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. A total of 174 patients (174 eyes) with macular hole (MH) diagnosed at Shantou International Eye Center from December 2008 to May 2024 were included in the study. Among them, there were 75 patients (75 eyes) with TMH and 99 patients (99 eyes) with IMH, and they were divided into the TMH group and the IMH group accordingly. All the affected eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT examinations. The BCVA was examined using a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and was converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity for statistical analysis. The minimum diameter and basal diameter of the MH, as well as the average, nasal, superior, inferior, and temporal center retinal thickness (CRT) around the MH were measured by OCT. The independent-sample t test was used to compare the logMAR BCVA, hole diameter, and CRT at the hole margin between the groups. Results:There were significant differences in age ( t=-15.857) and gender ratio ( χ2=28.154) between the TMH group and the IMH group ( P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in logMAR BCVA ( t=1.962, P>0.05). The minimum diameter of the hole in the TMH group was smaller than that in the IMH group, but the basal diameter was larger, with significant differences ( t=-3.322, 2.570; P<0.05). The thickness of the neuroepithelial layer at the hole margin in the TMH group was thinner than that in the IMH group, with significant differences in the superior ( t=-2.747), inferior ( t=-2.316), and nasal ( t=-2.851) regions ( P<0.05), and no significant difference in the temporal region ( t=-1.586, P>0.05). In the TMH group, the number of eyes with macular cystoid edema (CME), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), retinal atrophy, subretinal hemorrhage, choroidal laceration, and focal neuroepithelial detachment was 36 (48.00%, 36/75), 4 (5.33%, 4/75), 4 (5.33%, 4/75), 15 (20.00%, 15/75), 8 (10.67%, 8/75), and 19 (25.33%, 19/75) eyes, respectively. In the IMH group, the number of eyes with CME and PVD was 95 (95.96%, 95/99) and 94 (94.95%, 94/99) eyes, respectively. Conclusion:Compared with IMH, TMH has a larger basal diameter, a thinner CRT at the hole margin, a lower incidence of CME and PVD, and a higher incidence of subretinal hemorrhage, focal neuroepithelial detachment, choroidal laceration, and retinal atrophy.

Objective:To investigate the efficiency and safety of pneumatic retinopexy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods:A prospective case series study. From January 2020 to December 2021, 27 eyes of 27 RRD patients in Joint Shantou International Eye Center were included. Among them, there were 10 males and 17 females; the mean age was 36.0±11.8 years old. There was recurrent retinal detachment in 4 eyes. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography were performed. According to whether the retina was successfully reattached after a single intravitreal injection, the patients were divided into a single operation group and a second operation group. All eyes underwent pneumatic retinopexy, the patients received intravitreal injection of 0.3-0.5 ml 100% C 3F 8. On the next day, laser photocoagulation was performed around the retinal breaks. The mean follow-up time was 15.0±6.0 months. Outcome measures included single operation success rate, the BCVA at the last follow up and complications. The age, gender, extent of retinal detachment, number of retinal breaks, and preoperative and postoperative BCVA of patients in the single operation group and the second operation group were compared using Mann-Whiteney test or Fisher's exact test. Results:Twenty of the 27 eyes (74.1%, 20/27) had retinal reattachment after single operation, 7 of the 27 eyes (25.9%, 7/27) had retinal reattachment after the second operation. Among the 7 eyes, retinal detachment recurrence after operation, retinal detachment recurrence after tear opening, and retinal detachment recurrence with new tears occurred in 1, 4, and 2 eyes, respectively; retinas were all reattached after scleral buckling or vitrectomy. The BCVA was stable and improved in 14 and 13 eyes, respectively. Compared with the single operation group, the retinal detachment in the second operation group was wider and the BCVA before operation was worse, the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-2.842,-2.233; P<0.05). Transient intraocular pressure elevation occurred in 5 eyes; no complications such as infectious endophthalmitis, intraocular hemorrhage and lens damage occurred. Conclusion:Pneumatic retinopexy is safe and effective in the treatment of RRD.