Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in small rodents around human residential areas in Yushu City, Qinghai Province in 2023, so as to provide insights into precision echinococcosis control. Methods One or two quadrats, each measuring 50 m × 50 m, were randomly assigned in Shanglaxiu Township and Longbao Township, Yushu City, Qinghai Province on June 2023, respectively, and 300 plate-type mouse traps, each measuring 12.0 cm × 6.5 cm, were assigned in each quadrat. Small rodents were captured during the period between 10 : 00 and 18 : 00 each day for 4 days. Then, all captured small rodents were identified and dissected, and liver specimens with suspected Echinococcus infections were subjected to pathological examinations. The Echinococcus cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) gene was amplified using PCR assay, and the sequence of the amplified product was aligned to that was recorded in the GenBank to characterize the parasite species. In addition, a phylogenetic tree of Echinococcus was generated based on the cox1 gene sequence using the neighbor-joining method. Results A total of 236 small rodents were captured in Shanglaxiu and Longbao townships, Yushu City, including 65 Qinghai voles and 51 plateau pikas in Shanglaxiu Township, and 62 Qinghai voles and 58 plateau pikas in Longbao Township, and there was no significant difference in the constituent ratio of small rodents between the two townships (χ² = 0.294, P > 0.05). Seven plateau pikas and 12 Qinghai voles were suspected to be infected with Echinococcus by dissection, and pathological examinations showed unclear structure of hepatic lobules and disordered hepatocyte arrangement in livers of small rodents suspected of Echinococcus infections. PCR assay identified E. shiquicus DNA in 7 Qinghai voles, which were all captured from Shanglaxiu Township. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the cox1 gene sequence of Echinococcus in small rodents was highly homologous to the E. shiquicus cox1 gene sequence reported previously. Conclusion Plateau pika and Qinghai vole were predominant small rodents around human residential areas in Yushu City, Qinghai Province in 2023, and E. shiquicus infection was detected in Qinghai voles.

A case of spinal cord abscess caused by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica is reported. The patient is an elderly man with a history of nephritic syndrome who presented with aggravating lower back pain and then gradually developed urinary retention, weakness and numbness in both lower extremities. Operative intervention was performed, and postoperative pathological findings suggested spinal cord abscess formation. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of the cerebrospinal fluid identified Nocardia cyriacigeorgica as the causative pathogen. Although appropriate antibiotics were prescribed, the patient died 3 months later.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of temporal small bone window microscopic craniot-omy in treating cerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia region.Methods The retrospective analysis was adopt-ed.A total of 130 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia region treated in the Department of Neurosurgery of this hospital from January 2020 to January 2023 were selected as the study subjects.The patients treated by traditional frontotemporal large bone flap craniotomy hematoma removal were included in-to the control group (n=82) and the patients adopting temporal straight incision small bone window hemato-ma removal were included into the study group (n=48).The general data,surgical indicators,clinical efficacy,degree of neurological impairment,postoperative complications and postoperative quality of life of the patients were statistically analyzed.Results There were no statistically significant differences in preoperative Glasgow (GCS) score,gender,age and hematoma volume between the two groups (P>0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the average hematoma clearance rate between the two groups (P>0.05);compared with the control group,the operation time and hospital stay of the study group were shorter,the incidence of severe edema and suboccipital fluid accumulation were lower,and the good prognosis rate was higher,with sta-tistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusion Temporal straight incision small bone window microscopic hema-toma removal in treating cerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia region has mild edema reaction of brain tissue in operative area,the neurological function obtains the better protection and the good prognostic rate of the pa-tients is significantly increased.

Ovarian cancer is the second deadliest gynecological malignancy around the world. The survival rate is closely related to the tumor stage and treatment. Radionuclide imaging, as a functional imaging at the molecular level, can provide a non-invasive method for in-depth understanding of pathophysiological process, which is important for the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. Nuclear imaging of malignant tumors has become a hot and important research topic in basic and clinical research. This review summarizes the current process in nuclear imaging of ovarian cancer, including glucose metabolism, cell proliferation, cellular receptors/proteins, and immune molecule imaging.

Objective To assess iodine nutrition and thyroid function in children and pregnant women before and after iodized salt concentration decline,and investigate the appropriate concentration of iodized salt.Methods Cluster sampling was carried out,study areas in Shandong and Gansu provinces were selected according to the coverage rate of iodized salt which was more than 95％ and the levels of iodine and fluoride in drinking water which were less than or equal to 10 μg/L and 1 mg/L,respectively in 2012 and 2014.Before (2012) and after (2014) iodized salt concentration decline:children and pregnant women were selected;salt,drinking water and urinary samples were collected;the iodine content of salt,the iodine and fluoride content of drinking water,and urinary iodine were tested.B ultrasound was used to examine the thyroid volume and the total goiter rate (TGR) was calculated in children.The blood sample was collected to test thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroglobulin (Tg) in the 2 groups of subjects.Results Before iodized salt concentration decline,the children median urinary iodine (MUI) concentrations of Shandong and Gansu provinces were 291.4 and 321.9 μg/L,which at the over appropriate and overdose levels,respectively.MUI of Shandong and Gansu provinces were 220.5 and 274.7 μg/L in pregnant women,which were at adequate and over appropriate levels.After iodized salt concentration decline,MUI of Shandong and Gansu provinces were 199.8 and 178.2 μg/L in children,and were 178.6 and 159.2 μg/L in pregnant women,which were all at adequate levels.Children's TGR declined from 7.95％ (7/88) to 5.88％ (7/119) in Shandong Province,children's TGR rose to 5.77％ (6/104) from 2.06％ (2/97) in Gansu Province,there was no statistical differences (x2 =0.34,1.81,P ＞ 0.05).Before and after iodized salt concentration decline,there were no differences statistically in TSH levels of children and pregnant women in Shandong and Gansu provinces (Z =-1.08,-0.83,-1.30,-0.80,P ＞ 0.05).Mter iodized salt concentration decline,the Tg levels were significantly lower than that before intervention in children and pregnant women in Shandong Province (Z =-10.78,-7.04,P ＜0.01);the Tg level was increased than that before intervention in pregnant women group in Gansu Province (Z =-2.78,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion After iodized salt concentration declined,iodine nutrition and thyroid function status of Shandong Province are reasonable,but the indicators of Gansu Province have a trend of iodine deficiency,monitoring needs to be strengthened,and iodized salt content needs to be adjusted in time.

Objective The purpose of this study is to construct eukaryotic gene vector of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase(HSV1-tk)and to observe the expression of HSV1-tk in lung adenocarcinoma AGZY cell line.Methods The full length HSV1-tk gene was amplified by PCR from plasmid pHSV 106 and was inserted into pMD18-T.The recombinant plasmid was recombined with eukaryotic vector plRES 2-EGFP u-sing gene recombinant technique .HSV1 -tk was transfected into adenocarcinoma AGZY cell line with Lipo-fectamineTM 2 000.Fluorescence microscopy was used to detect the transfection and expression of HSV 1-tk.RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of HSV 1-tk.The cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay .Re-sults A length of 1 130 bp gene sequence was obtained by PCR .The expressions of HSV 1-tk at mRNA and protein levels were displayed by RT -PCR and Western blot .MTT analysis showed that there were no significant changes cell survival on after transfection .Conclusion The eukaryotic expression vector of HSV 1 -tk report gene is successfully constructed and HSV 1-tk is effectively expressed in transfected AGZY cells .

The nano-structure TiN was modified on the laboratory self-made planar microelectrode array pMEA by magnetron sputtering method. The performance of modified pMEA was investigated. Research on neuroelectrical and neurochemical recording was studied in vitro. The impedance of the modified pMEA was decreased almost one order of magnitude, and the background noise level was reduced to ±6 μV. In the same testing environment, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of modified electrodes was 1. 7 times of bare electrodes. The SNR of neuroelectrical recording on the brain slice of SD rats reached 10:1 , and the weak signal such as ±12 μV was separated easily. For neuroelectrical recordings, the detection limit of dopamine ( DA) solution reached 50 nmol/L with the 2:1 (S/N). During the concentration range of 0. 05-100 μmol/L, the linearly correlation coefficient of the DA oxidation currents was 0 . 998 . The modification of nano-structure TiN on pMEA reduced pMEA impedance and background noise level, meanwhile the SNR was increased. The weak signals of neuroelectrical and neurochemical recording were successfully recorded.

Background The diseases of neuro-ophthalmology are common,which can influence the quality of patients' life seriously.The 39-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-39) is an instrument to assess self-reported visual impairment in studies of vision.However,until now,no studies have been performed to specifically assess the vision-related quality of life in persons with diseases of neuro-ophthalmology.Objective To evaluate vision-related quality of life for neuro-ophthalmology inpatients through the NEI VFQ-39,for the better treatment and nursing for them.Methods Ninety-seven neuro-ophthalmology inpatients were scheduled in research from June 1 to September 30,2012,and we collected all the clinical datas and the Chinese version NEI VFQ-39.The NEI VFQ-39 subscale item scores were compared among subgroups divided by monocular or binocular incidence,diseases and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),and correlation analysis of the NEI VFQ-39 scores and BCVA for better-seeing and worse-seeing eyes was performed.Results The mean age of scheduled patients was (36.6±14.4)years,with no difference in gender.The mean composite score of VFQ-39 was 57.36(46.50,73.38),mental health subscale score was lowest [45.00 (35.00,60.00)].In the four eye diseases groups,except for eye pains,degree of dependence,periphery vision,anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) group had lower scores compared with the other three groups,but there were no statistical significances among the four groups (all at P＞0.05).Except for eye pains,patients with monocular incidence had better scores than those with binocular incidence,with statistical significant significances between them(all at P＜0.05).Patients with BCVA in the better-seeing eye ＞ 20/32 had better scores than the other two groups,compared with the BCVA in the better-seeing eye ＜20/200 group,except for overall health and eye pains,cornpared with the 20/200 ≤ BCVA in the better-seeing eye ＜20/23 group,except for eye pains,social activity and color vision,and the rest subscale scores had significant differences among the three groups(all at P＜0.05).NEI VFQ-39 scores had positive correlations with the BCVA for better-seeing and worse-seeing eyes,and had strong correlations with the BCVA for better-seeing.Conclusions Neuro-ophthalmology diseases have serious influences on patients' visual function and quality of life.The quality of life has direct correlation with BCVA,so improving their visual function is helpful to their quality of life.