OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors for cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) among infants through a multicenter clinical study. METHODS: A total of 1 829 infants, aged 1-12 months, who attended the outpatient service of the pediatric department in six hospitals in Shenzhen, China from June 2016 to May 2017 were enrolled as subjects. A questionnaire survey was performed to screen out suspected cases of CMPA. Food avoidance and oral food challenge tests were used to make a confirmed diagnosis of CMPA CMPA. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for CMPA. RESULTS: Among the 1 829 infants, 82 (4.48%) were diagnosed with CMPA. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that maternal food allergy (OR=4.91, 95%CI: 2.24-10.76, P<0.05), antibiotic exposure during pregnancy (OR=3.18, 95%CI: 1.32-7.65, P<0.05), and the introduction of complementary food at an age of <4 months (OR=3.55, 95%CI: 1.52-8.27, P<0.05) were risk factors for CMPA, while exclusive breastfeeding (OR=0.21, 95%CI: 0.08-0.58, P<0.05) and the introduction of complementary food at an age of >6 months (OR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.17-0.86, P<0.05) were protective factors. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of complementary food at an age of <4 months, maternal food allergy, and antibiotic exposure during pregnancy are risk factors for CMPA in infants.
Animals ; Cattle ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; Milk Proteins ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective · To study the effect of inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) on ocular neovascularization. Methods · The oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization (OIR), laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and over-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Rho-VEGF) transgenic mice were established. The localization and mRNA level of ID1 in retina of OIR mice and Rho-VEGF transgenic mice were determined by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time PCR. Mice deficient in ID1 (ID1-/-) were used to induce retinal neovascularization in accordance with the above three models, and to compare the changes of ID1 on the number of retinal, subretinal and choroidal neovascularization areas. In order to explore the role ID1 in neovascularization, the numbers and areas of retinal, subretinal and choroidal neovascularization in the mice models with or without ID1 deficiency were compared. Its effect on the related factors, i.e. hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), VEGF and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1/2 (VEGFR1/2) were also observed. Results · Mice deficient in ID1 showed a significant reduction in the area of neovascularization in these three models (P＜0.05). Mice lacking ID1 showed reduced levels of HIF-1α, VEGF and VEGFR 1. Conclusion · ID1 promotes the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF and VEGFR1 in the retina and choroidal neovascularization during hypoxia and oxidative injury.

AIM:To observe the expression of microRNA-126-5p during myocardial injury and its role in myo-cardial cell injury induced by adriamycin(also called doxorubicin, DOX).METHODS: The BALB/c mouse model of DOX-induced acute and chronic myocardial injury was established via intraperitoneal injection of DOX.HE staining was applied to observe the morphological changes of myocardial tissues.Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in serum was detected and PowerLab system was used to detect the influence of DOX on the changes of ±dp/dtmax.The expression of microRNA-126-5p in injured myocardial tissues and the H 9c2 cells exposed to DOX was detected by real-time PCR.Gain-and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to detect the role of microRNA-126-5p in H9c2 cells treated with DOX on LDH release and caspase-3 activation.RESULTS:In acute and chronic DOX myocardial damage models in mice,HE staining showed disarranged myocardial fibers, dissolved myofibril and inflammatory cell infiltration.Higher serum LDH level and lower ±dp/dtmaxin DOX-treated mice than those in normal mice were found.Compared with the normal mice, the expression level of microRNA-126-5p was significant increased in the myocardium with DOX-induced injury.Similarly,the expression level of microRNA-126-5p was significant increased in the H9c2 cells treated with DOX.In addition, over-expression of microRNA-126-5p decreased cell viability and promoted apoptosis,while microRNA-126-5p ablation promoted the viability and inhibited the apoptosis of H9c2 cells.CONCLUSION:The microRNA-126-5p expression is up-regulated in myocar-dial injury induced by DOX,and microRNA-126-5p inhibits cell viability and promotes apoptosis induced by DOX.

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk scores for in-hospital mortality in Chinese ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Methods:Present data are obtained from the prospective, multicenter Chinese AMI (CAMI) registry, 107 hospitals from 31 provinces, municipalities or autonomous districts in China took part in this study. From January 2013 to September 2014, 17886 consecutive ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients admitted to these 107 hospitals were enrolled. For each patient, TIMI and GRACE risk scores were calculated using specific variables collected at admission. Their prognostic value on the primary endpoint (in-hospital mortality) was evaluated. Results:Mean age of this patient cohort was (61.9±12.4)years, 76.5% (n=13685) patients were males. The in-hospital mortality was 6.4%(n=1 153)and the median length of hospital stay was 10.0 days. The incidence of cardiac arrest at admission were 4.3% (n=764). Coronary reperfusion therapy including fibrinolytic therapy(n=1782), primary percutaneous coronary intervention (n=7763) and emergent coronary artery bypass grafting (n=10) were applied to 9555 (53.4%) patients and the median of time to reperfusion was 300.0 minutes. The predictive accuracy of TIMI and GRACE for in-hospital mortality was similar:TIMI risk score (AUC) [area under the curve:0.7956; 95% confidence interval (95%CI:0.7822~0.8090)] and GRACE risk score (AUC:0.8096; 95%CI:0.7963~0.8230). Conclusions:The TIMI and GRACE risk score demonstrate similar predictive accuracy for in-hospital mortality and there are some disadvantages in risk stratification by these two risk scores for Chinese STEMI patients.

α-Hederagenin (H), derived from Hedera nepalensis var.sinensis, is a pentacyclic oleane-type triterpenoid that exhibits clear cytotoxicity to different tumor cell lines.In this study,a series of novel C-28 derivatives of hederagenin (H) were designed and synthesized in attempt to develop potent tumor resistance reverse activities agents. Previous research showed that H6 displayed robust reverse activity for paclitaxel resistance in KBV cells. Importantly, Co-treatment of paclitaxel with H6 significantly reduced the tumor weight to 42%. Pleasingly, H6 enhanced the efficacy of paclitaxel against KBV cancer cell-derived xenograft tumors in nude mice.Mechanism studies had found that H6 activated permeability glycoprotein(P-gp)ATPase,reduced intracellular ATP levels and inhibited efflux of P-gp substrates,thus enhancing the antitumor activity of paclitaxel on KBV cells.Molecular docking analysis of homology P-gp and H6 then conducted using the Surflex-Dock module.H6 showed a high binding affinity docking score with a total score of 5.4148,much higher than that of H(0.1414).The nov-el C-28 derivatives of H was synthesized from H6 via three-step reaction. The reversal activity of all synthesized H derivatives were tested using the MTT assay.The results showed that the derivatives of nitrogen groups at C-28 displayed same even potent activity than parent compound H6.In addition,its underlying mechanism of action and in vivo activity are in explore.

Objective To establish a noninvasive prenatal testing(NIPT) method based on the chromosome specific site sequencing instead of the conventional whole genome sequencing.Methods Blood plasma samples from 200 pregnant women with known fetus karyotypes were collected.First,the specific loci on chromosome 13,18 and 21 were selected by the database filter.Then,these specific loci were captured by probes,and were performed sequencing.Finally,chromosome aneuploidy was identified by the Z-score.ResultsSeven fetuses with 21-trisomy syndrome,3 with 18-trisomy syndrome and 1 with 13-trisomy syndrome were detected by the chromosome specific site sequencing,and the results were accordant with those of the whole genome sequencing method.Conclusion The NIPT method based on the chromosome specific site sequencing has the advantages of low cost and high throughput,which may replace the NIPT method based on the whole genome sequencing.

Echinostoma hortense (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) is one of the intestinal flukes with medical importance in humans. However, the mitochondrial (mt) genome of this fluke has not been known yet. The present study has determined the complete mt genome sequences of E. hortense and assessed the phylogenetic relationships with other digenean species for which the complete mt genome sequences are available in GenBank using concatenated amino acid sequences inferred from 12 protein-coding genes. The mt genome of E. hortense contained 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 non-coding region. The length of the mt genome of E. hortense was 14,994 bp, which was somewhat smaller than those of other trematode species. Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated nucleotide sequence datasets for all 12 protein-coding genes using maximum parsimony (MP) method showed that E. hortense and Hypoderaeum conoideum gathered together, and they were closer to each other than to Fasciolidae and other echinostomatid trematodes. The availability of the complete mt genome sequences of E. hortense provides important genetic markers for diagnostics, population genetics, and evolutionary studies of digeneans.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Dataset ; Echinostoma* ; Echinostomatidae ; Fasciolidae ; Genes, rRNA ; Genetic Markers ; Genetics, Population ; Genome ; Genome, Mitochondrial* ; Humans ; RNA, Transfer ; Trematoda

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of total saponins of Dioscorea (TSD), an extract of the Chinese herbal Bi Xie, on hyperuricemia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The rat hyperuricemia model was established by administration of adenine. Thirty-two rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups: model group, low/high-dose TSD-treated groups, and allopurinol-treated group. Meanwhile, 8 rats were used as normal controls. Serum uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A1 (OATP1A1) levels were measured. Comparison between the model group and treatment (allopurinol and TSD) groups showed the serum UA levels were significantly decreased in treatment groups. TSD had similar effects to allopurinol. It was found that the OATP1A1 protein expression levels in treatment groups were higher than in model group and normal controls. And different from the allopurinol-treated groups, TSD-treated group had elevated OATP1A1 expression levels in the stomach, liver, small intestine and large intestine tissues. It was suggested that TSD may facilitate the excretion of UA and lower UA levels by up-regulating OATP1A1 expression.
Animals ; Creatinine ; blood ; Dioscorea ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hyperuricemia ; drug therapy ; Intestines ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Stomach ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Uric Acid ; blood

Curcumin-ethyl-cellulose (EC) sustained-release composite particles were prepared by using supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. With drug loading and yield of inclusion complex as evaluation indexes, on the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles. The experiments such as drug loading, yield, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis (SEM) , infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 45 degrees C, crystallization pressure 10 MPa, curcumin concentration 8 g x L(-1), solvent flow rate 0.9 mL x min(-1), and CO2 velocity 4 L x min(-1). Under the optimal conditions, the average drug loading and yield of curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles were 33.01% and 83.97%, and the average particle size of the particles was 20.632 μm. IR and DSC analysis showed that curcumin might complex with EC. The experiments of in vitro dissolution showed that curcumin-EC composite particles had good sustained-release effect. Curcumin-EC sustained-release composite particles can be prepared by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology.
Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Cellulose ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Curcumin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Solubility ; Solvents ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) on platelet activation and coagulation function in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

METHODSSixty-six patients with acute cerebral infarction and 50 health individuals were enrolled in the study. Hp antibody,expression of CD62p on platelets and clotting indexes were measured and compared between two groups.

RESULTSThe positive rate of Hp-IgG and Hp-CagA in cerebral infarction patients were higher than that in controls (P<0.05). The positive rate of CD62p in patients with positive Hp-IgG and Hp-CagA was significantly higher than that in negative patients and also controls (P<0.05). The APTT and TT were lower and FIB was higher in patients with positive Hp antibody than those in patients with negative Hp antibody (P<0.05),but there was no difference in PT,PTR and INR (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONHp infection can activate platelets and affect coagulation function,which may be involved in the development of cerebral infarction.

Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Antigens, Bacterial ; metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins ; metabolism ; Blood Coagulation ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Infarction ; blood ; microbiology ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections ; blood ; complications ; Helicobacter pylori ; metabolism ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; P-Selectin ; blood ; Platelet Activation