Hospital culture is the sum of common values， codes of conduct， and working methods formed by internal employees within the hospital， and it is the spiritual pillar and core of cohesion of the hospital. Party-building leadership plays an important role in promoting hospital culture construction， including strengthening values guidance， enhancing team cohesion， facilitating management system innovation， and shaping social image and brand value. By analyzing the effectiveness of a series of Party-building activities carried out by Xi’an No. 9 Hospital in recent years， this paper explored the effect and significance of Party-building leadership in promoting hospital culture construction in the new era， as well as proposed guiding strategies for strengthening Party-building work in promoting hospital culture construction in the new era， so as to promote high-quality development of the hospital.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of Shuanghua drink in treating primary dysmenorrhea in the rat model and explore its mechanism of action. MethodsAn oxytocin-induced writhing mouse model was established to evaluate the analgesic effect of Shuanghua drink. Forty-eight non-pregnant female institute of cancer research （ICR） mice were randomly divided into six groups， including a blank group， a model group， an ibuprofen group （85.00 mg·kg^-1）， a low-dose group of Shuanghua drink （7.14 mL·kg^-1）， a medium-dose group of Shuanghua drink （14.28 mL·kg^-1）， and a high-dose group of Shuanghua drink （28.57 mL·kg^-1）. Each group consisted of eight mice. All treatment groups received daily intragastric administration at corresponding doses for 10 consecutive days. One hour after the final administration， 2 U of oxytocin was intraperitoneally injected per mouse. The writhing latency and number of writhing within 20 minutes were recorded. A primary dysmenorrhea rat model was established by using estradiol benzoate and oxytocin to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Shuanghua drink on the contraction of uterine smooth muscle. Forty-eight non-pregnant female Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were divided into six groups， including a blank group， a model group， an ibuprofen group （51.00 mg·kg^-1）， a low-dose group of Shuanghua drink （4.28 mL·kg^-1）， a medium-dose group of Shuanghua drink （8.57 mL·kg^-1）， and a high-dose group of Shuanghua drink （17.10 mL·kg^-1）. Each group consisted of eight rats. Rats received subcutaneous injections of estradiol benzoate for 10 consecutive days to enhance uterine sensitivity. On the eleventh day， oxytocin （2 U/rat） was intraperitoneally administered to induce abnormal uterine contractions for establishing the primary dysmenorrhea model. All treatment groups received daily intragastric administration from the second day of modeling for 10 days. The effects of Shuanghua drink were evaluated by using parameters including uterine motility and the variation rate of uterine motility. The mechanism of action was investigated in rats with primary dysmenorrhea. The content of prostaglandin F_2α （PGF_2α）， prostaglandin E₂ （PGE₂）， thromboxane B₂ （TXB₂）， prostacyclin metabolite （6-keto-PGF_1α）， and β-endorphin （β-EP） in uterine tissue of rats was detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The changes in the content of nitric oxide （NO） and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） were analyzed via colorimetric assay. Western blot was performed to determine the content of phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa B kinase beta （p-IKKβ）/IKKβ， phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa B alpha （p-IκBα）， IκBα， phosphorylated p65 （p-p65）， p65， and cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） proteins in uterine tissue of rats. ResultsIn the oxytocin-induced writhing mouse model， the model group exhibited significantly shortened writhing latency and increased writhing frequency compared to the control group （P<0.01）. Both the ibuprofen group and the high-dose group of Shuanghua drink displayed prolonged writhing latency （P<0.05）， while the ibuprofen group and the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Shuanghua drink exhibited reduced writhing frequency （P<0.01）. In the primary dysmenorrhea rat model， the uterine motility and its variation rate in the model group were significantly higher than those in the blank group （P<0.01）. These parameters were markedly suppressed by ibuprofen and Shuanghua drink at all tested doses （P<0.01）. For the mechanism of action， the model group showed significantly increased PGF_2α/PGE₂， TXB₂/6-keto-PGF_1α， NO， and iNOS in uterine tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01） and significantly decreased β-EP （P<0.01）. These parameters were significantly attenuated in the ibuprofen group and the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Shuanghua drink. The PGF_2α/PGE₂ （P<0.01）， TXB₂/6-keto-PGF_1α （P<0.01）， NO （medium-dose group P<0.05）， and iNOS （P<0.01） were reduced， and the β-EP （medium-dose group P<0.05） was up-regulated. Compared to the model group， the ibuprofen group and medium-dose group of Shuanghua drink showed significantly increased content of β-EP in the serum of rats （P<0.05）. Compared to the blank group， the model group showed significantly elevated expressions of COX-2， p-IKKβ/IKKβ， p-IκBα/IκBα， and p-p65/p65 proteins （P<0.01） and significantly reduced anti-inflammatory protein IκBα （P<0.05）. Compared to the model group， the ibuprofen group and the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Shuanghua drink showed significantly reduced expressions of COX-2 （P<0.01）， p-IKKβ/IKKβ （P<0.01）， p-IκBα/IκBα （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and p-p65/p65（P<0.01） and up-regulated expression of IκBα protein （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionShuanghua drink effectively alleviates primary dysmenorrhea through analgesia and suppression of abnormal contractions of uterine smooth muscle. Its mechanism may be mediated by reduced levels of PGF_2α/PGE₂， TXB₂/6-keto-PGF_1α， iNOS， and NO， elevated β-EP level， and inhibited COX-2/NF-κB signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of Shuanghua drink in treating primary dysmenorrhea in the rat model and explore its mechanism of action. MethodsAn oxytocin-induced writhing mouse model was established to evaluate the analgesic effect of Shuanghua drink. Forty-eight non-pregnant female institute of cancer research （ICR） mice were randomly divided into six groups， including a blank group， a model group， an ibuprofen group （85.00 mg·kg^-1）， a low-dose group of Shuanghua drink （7.14 mL·kg^-1）， a medium-dose group of Shuanghua drink （14.28 mL·kg^-1）， and a high-dose group of Shuanghua drink （28.57 mL·kg^-1）. Each group consisted of eight mice. All treatment groups received daily intragastric administration at corresponding doses for 10 consecutive days. One hour after the final administration， 2 U of oxytocin was intraperitoneally injected per mouse. The writhing latency and number of writhing within 20 minutes were recorded. A primary dysmenorrhea rat model was established by using estradiol benzoate and oxytocin to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Shuanghua drink on the contraction of uterine smooth muscle. Forty-eight non-pregnant female Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were divided into six groups， including a blank group， a model group， an ibuprofen group （51.00 mg·kg^-1）， a low-dose group of Shuanghua drink （4.28 mL·kg^-1）， a medium-dose group of Shuanghua drink （8.57 mL·kg^-1）， and a high-dose group of Shuanghua drink （17.10 mL·kg^-1）. Each group consisted of eight rats. Rats received subcutaneous injections of estradiol benzoate for 10 consecutive days to enhance uterine sensitivity. On the eleventh day， oxytocin （2 U/rat） was intraperitoneally administered to induce abnormal uterine contractions for establishing the primary dysmenorrhea model. All treatment groups received daily intragastric administration from the second day of modeling for 10 days. The effects of Shuanghua drink were evaluated by using parameters including uterine motility and the variation rate of uterine motility. The mechanism of action was investigated in rats with primary dysmenorrhea. The content of prostaglandin F_2α （PGF_2α）， prostaglandin E₂ （PGE₂）， thromboxane B₂ （TXB₂）， prostacyclin metabolite （6-keto-PGF_1α）， and β-endorphin （β-EP） in uterine tissue of rats was detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The changes in the content of nitric oxide （NO） and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） were analyzed via colorimetric assay. Western blot was performed to determine the content of phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa B kinase beta （p-IKKβ）/IKKβ， phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa B alpha （p-IκBα）， IκBα， phosphorylated p65 （p-p65）， p65， and cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） proteins in uterine tissue of rats. ResultsIn the oxytocin-induced writhing mouse model， the model group exhibited significantly shortened writhing latency and increased writhing frequency compared to the control group （P<0.01）. Both the ibuprofen group and the high-dose group of Shuanghua drink displayed prolonged writhing latency （P<0.05）， while the ibuprofen group and the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Shuanghua drink exhibited reduced writhing frequency （P<0.01）. In the primary dysmenorrhea rat model， the uterine motility and its variation rate in the model group were significantly higher than those in the blank group （P<0.01）. These parameters were markedly suppressed by ibuprofen and Shuanghua drink at all tested doses （P<0.01）. For the mechanism of action， the model group showed significantly increased PGF_2α/PGE₂， TXB₂/6-keto-PGF_1α， NO， and iNOS in uterine tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01） and significantly decreased β-EP （P<0.01）. These parameters were significantly attenuated in the ibuprofen group and the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Shuanghua drink. The PGF_2α/PGE₂ （P<0.01）， TXB₂/6-keto-PGF_1α （P<0.01）， NO （medium-dose group P<0.05）， and iNOS （P<0.01） were reduced， and the β-EP （medium-dose group P<0.05） was up-regulated. Compared to the model group， the ibuprofen group and medium-dose group of Shuanghua drink showed significantly increased content of β-EP in the serum of rats （P<0.05）. Compared to the blank group， the model group showed significantly elevated expressions of COX-2， p-IKKβ/IKKβ， p-IκBα/IκBα， and p-p65/p65 proteins （P<0.01） and significantly reduced anti-inflammatory protein IκBα （P<0.05）. Compared to the model group， the ibuprofen group and the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Shuanghua drink showed significantly reduced expressions of COX-2 （P<0.01）， p-IKKβ/IKKβ （P<0.01）， p-IκBα/IκBα （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and p-p65/p65（P<0.01） and up-regulated expression of IκBα protein （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionShuanghua drink effectively alleviates primary dysmenorrhea through analgesia and suppression of abnormal contractions of uterine smooth muscle. Its mechanism may be mediated by reduced levels of PGF_2α/PGE₂， TXB₂/6-keto-PGF_1α， iNOS， and NO， elevated β-EP level， and inhibited COX-2/NF-κB signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Currently,spinal endoscopic technology has become the mainstream technology in minimally invasive spinal surgery.The specifications of the instruments for different operating systems are different,and the choice of specific surgical protocols needs to be combined with the actual situation of the patient and the choice of the clinical surgeon. OBJECTIVE:To compare the early efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy for L5-S1 disc herniation under the iLESSYS Delta System and Endo-Surgi Plus System. METHODS:Totally 80 patients with L5-S1 disc herniation were treated with percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy.Patients were divided into two groups based on the endoscopic system used.Among them,37 cases received the iLESSYS Delta System(Delta group)and 43 cases received the Endo-Surgi Plus System(Plus group).Patient demographic characteristics,perioperative indicators,and complications were analyzed between the two groups.Clinical outcomes were quantified using back and leg visual analog scale scores,Oswestry Disability Index,and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores at 1 day,1,3,and 6 months after surgery.Patient satisfaction was assessed according to modified MacNab criteria at final follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The operative time and number of arthroplasties in the Plus group were less than those in the Delta group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the preoperative period,the visual analog scale scores,Oswestry Disability Index,and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores of patients in both groups improved at all follow-up time points,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).(3)There was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of pain visual analog scale scores,Oswestry Disability Index,and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores of patients in the two groups(P>0.05).(4)At 6-month follow-up after surgery,the MacNab standard excellent and good rates in the Delta group and Plus group were 81%and 79%,respectively,with no significant difference(P=0.823).(5)The incidence of complications was 3%in the Delta group and 2%in the Plus group,but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P=0.914).(6)It is concluded that both iLESSYS Delta and Endo-Surgi Plus surgical systems achieved satisfactory early clinical results in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation,with Endo-Surgi Plus surgical moulding being more efficient and safer.

Background: The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants. Results: Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.38 to 1.96]), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals. Conclusion Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.

Background: The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants. Results: Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.38 to 1.96]), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals. Conclusion Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.

Background: The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants. Results: Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.38 to 1.96]), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals. Conclusion Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.

AIM: To observe the influence of different intraocular lens implantation methods on visual quality in patients with cataract.METHODS: Retrospective study. Totally 85 patients(113 eyes)with cataract who received phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in the hospital June 2020 to December 2023 were selected. According to the different implanted lenses, they were divided into monofocal group(42 cases, 55 eyes)and bifocal group(43 cases, 58 eyes). The uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), best corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA), best corrected intermediate visual acuity(BCIVA), best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), contrast sensitivity(CS), objective visual quality, National Eye Institute 25-item Visual Function Questionnaire(NEI-VFQ-25)scores and complications were compared between both groups of patients at 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS:At 3 mo after surgery, the UNVA(LogMAR)of the bifocal group was significantly better than that of the monofocal group(0.24±0.06 vs 0.53±0.13, P<0.001), but there were no statistical differences in UIVA, UDVA, BCNVA, BCIVA and BCDVA between the two groups(all P>0.05). The 18 c/d spatial frequency scotopic CS in the bifocal group at 3 mo after surgery was significantly lower than that in the monofocal group(0.84±0.17 vs 0.92±0.22, P<0.05), while the CS in other frequency was not statistically significant(all P>0.05); the objective scatter index(OSI)was higher in the bifocal group than that in the monofocal group(P<0.05), while OV 20% and OV 9% were lower than those in monofocal group(all P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in modulation transfer function cut off(MTFcut off), Strehl ratio(SR)and OV 100% between the two groups(all P>0.05). The scores of overall visual acuity and near visual activity in the bifocal group at 3 mo after surgery were higher than those in the monofocal group(all P<0.001), but there were no statistical differences in the scores of dimensions of overall health, distance visual activity, peripheral visual acuity, color vision, dependence degree, social function, social role and mental health between the two groups(all P>0.05). Furthermore, there were no statistical significance in the incidence of complications in the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined with bifocal intraocular lens implantation can provide more ideal near visual acuity and visual-related quality of life for patients with cataract, but its objective visual quality is worse, The two types of intraocular lenses have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is still necessary to choose the appropriate intraocular lens according to the actual needs of patients.

AIM: To observe the influence of different intraocular lens implantation methods on visual quality in patients with cataract.METHODS: Retrospective study. Totally 85 patients(113 eyes)with cataract who received phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in the hospital June 2020 to December 2023 were selected. According to the different implanted lenses, they were divided into monofocal group(42 cases, 55 eyes)and bifocal group(43 cases, 58 eyes). The uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), best corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA), best corrected intermediate visual acuity(BCIVA), best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), contrast sensitivity(CS), objective visual quality, National Eye Institute 25-item Visual Function Questionnaire(NEI-VFQ-25)scores and complications were compared between both groups of patients at 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS:At 3 mo after surgery, the UNVA(LogMAR)of the bifocal group was significantly better than that of the monofocal group(0.24±0.06 vs 0.53±0.13, P<0.001), but there were no statistical differences in UIVA, UDVA, BCNVA, BCIVA and BCDVA between the two groups(all P>0.05). The 18 c/d spatial frequency scotopic CS in the bifocal group at 3 mo after surgery was significantly lower than that in the monofocal group(0.84±0.17 vs 0.92±0.22, P<0.05), while the CS in other frequency was not statistically significant(all P>0.05); the objective scatter index(OSI)was higher in the bifocal group than that in the monofocal group(P<0.05), while OV 20% and OV 9% were lower than those in monofocal group(all P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in modulation transfer function cut off(MTFcut off), Strehl ratio(SR)and OV 100% between the two groups(all P>0.05). The scores of overall visual acuity and near visual activity in the bifocal group at 3 mo after surgery were higher than those in the monofocal group(all P<0.001), but there were no statistical differences in the scores of dimensions of overall health, distance visual activity, peripheral visual acuity, color vision, dependence degree, social function, social role and mental health between the two groups(all P>0.05). Furthermore, there were no statistical significance in the incidence of complications in the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined with bifocal intraocular lens implantation can provide more ideal near visual acuity and visual-related quality of life for patients with cataract, but its objective visual quality is worse, The two types of intraocular lenses have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is still necessary to choose the appropriate intraocular lens according to the actual needs of patients.

ObjectiveThe controllability changes of structural brain network were explored based on the control and brain network theory in young smokers, this may reveal that the controllability indicators can serve as a powerful factor to predict the sleep status in young smokers. MethodsFifty young smokers and 51 healthy controls from Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology were enrolled. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to construct structural brain network based on fractional anisotropy (FA) weight matrix. According to the control and brain network theory, the average controllability and the modal controllability were calculated. Two-sample t-test was used to compare the differences between the groups and Pearson correlation analysis to examine the correlation between significant average controllability and modal controllability with Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) in young smokers. The nodes with the controllability score in the top 10% were selected as the super-controllers. Finally, we used BP neural network to predict the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in young smokers. ResultsThe average controllability of dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area, lenticular nucleus putamen, and lenticular nucleus pallidum, and the modal controllability of orbital inferior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area, gyrus rectus, and posterior cingulate gyrus in the young smokers’ group, were all significantly different from those of the healthy controls group (P<0.05). The average controllability of the right supplementary motor area (SMA.R) in the young smokers group was positively correlated with FTND (r=0.393 0, P=0.004 8), while modal controllability was negatively correlated with FTND (r=-0.330 1, P=0.019 2). ConclusionThe controllability of structural brain network in young smokers is abnormal. which may serve as an indicator to predict sleep condition. It may provide the imaging evidence for evaluating the cognitive function impairment in young smokers.