Objective To investigate the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild rodents in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, so as to provide insights into formulation of technical guidelines for monitoring of and the precise control strategy for S. japonicum infections in wild rodents during the elimination phase. Methods Two administrative villages where schistosomiasis was historically highly prevalent were selected each from Dongzhi County, Anhui Province, and Duchang County, Jiangxi Province as study villages. Wild rodents were captured from study villages with baited traps or cages at night in June and September, 2021. The number of rodents captured was recorded, and the rodent species was characterized based on morphologi-cal characteristics. Liver tissues were sampled from captured rodents for macroscopical observation of the presence of egg granu- lomas, and S. japonicum infection was detected simultaneously using liver tissue homogenate microscopy, examinations of mesenteric tissues for parasites, and modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique (Kato-Katz technique). A positive S. japonicum infection was defined as detection of S. japonicum eggs or adult worms by any of these methods. The rate of wild rodent capture and prevalence of S. japonicum infections in wild rodents were compared in different study villages and at different time periods, and the detection of S. japonicum infections in wild rodents was compared by different assays. Results The overall rate of wild ro- dent capture was 8.28% (237/2 861) in Dongzhi County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 9.24% (133/1 439) and 7.31% (104/1 422) in two study villages (χ² = 3.503, P = 0.061), and were 8.59% (121/1 409) and 7.99% (116/1 452) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.337, P = 0.561). The overall rate of wild rodent capture was 3.72% (77/2 072) in Duchang County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 6.91% (67/970) and 0.91% (10/1 102) in two study villages (χ² = 51.901, P < 0.001), and were 4.13% (39/945) and 3.37% (38/1 127) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.815, P = 0.365). Rattus norvegicus was the predominant rodent species captured in both counties, accounting for 70.04% (166/237) of all captured wild rodents in Dongzhi County and 88.31% (68/77) in Duchang County. No S. japonicum infection was detected in wild rodents captured in Duchang County. Nevertheless, the overall prevalence of S. japonicum infections was 51.05% (121/237) in wild rodents captured in Dongzhi County, with prevalence rates of 50.38% (67/133) and 51.92% (54/104) in two study villages (χ² = 0.098, P = 0.755), and 54.31% (63/116) and 47.93% (58/121) in September and June, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.964, P = 0.326). Of 237 wild rodents captured in Dongzhi County, there were 140 (59.07%) rodents with visible hepatic egg granulomas, 117 (49.47%) tested positive for S. japonicum eggs by liver tissue homogenate microscopy, 34 (14.35%) tested positive for S. japonicum eggs with Kato-Katz technique; however, no adult S. japonicum worms were detected in mesenteric tissues. In addition, hepatic egg granulomas were found in all wild rodents tested positive for S. japonicum eggs with liver tissue homogenate microscopy. Conclusions The rate of wild rodent capture and prevalence of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents vary greatly in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, and the prevalence of S. japonicum infection is slightly higher in wild rodents captured in autumn than in summer. Liver tissue is recommended as the preferred sample for surveillance of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents, and a combination of macroscopical observation of hepatic egg granulomas and liver tissue homogenate microscopy may be a standard method for surveillance of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents.

Aim To investigate the mechanisms of Chaijin JieYu Anshen formula modulating the depres-sive behaviors and the synaptic plasticity of hippocam-pal neurons in insomnia-concomitant depression rats based on the histone deacetylase 5(HDAC5)/myocyte enhancer factor 2C(MEF2C)pathway.Methods A rat model of insomnia-concomitant depression was es-tablished by PCPA injection combined with chronic un-predictable mild stress(CUMS),and the experiment was divided into the control group,the model group,the high,medium and low dose group of Chaijin JieYu Anshen formula,and the positive drug group.The de-pression of rats was evaluated by sugar-water prefer-ence test,open field test and morris water maze.The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and dopamine(DA)in serum were measured by enzyme linked im-munosorbent assay(ELISA).The pathological damage of hippocampal neurons was observed by HE staining and Nissl staining.The damage of dendritic spines of hippocampal neurons was observed by Golgi staining,and the levels of HDAC5,MEF2C,postsynaptic densi-ty-95(PSD-95)and synaptophysin 1(SYN1)in hip-pocampus were measured by Western blot,immunohis-tochemistry and immunofluorescence.Results Com-pared with the model group,the Chaijin JieYu Anshen formula could increase the sugar-water preference rate of the model rats,reduce the immobility time in the open field experiment,increase the total activity dis-tance,shorten the evasion latency in the localization navigation experiment,and prolong the residence time in the quadrant where the platform was located in the space exploration experiment(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Moreover,the Chaijin JieYu Anshen formula improved the hippocampal neuron and dendritic spine damage and increase the dendritic branch length and dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons(P＜0.01,P＜0.01),restore the serum levels of 5-HT and DA in insomnia-concomitant depression rats(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),down-regulate the HDAC5 protein,and up-regulate the expression of MEF2C,PSD-95,and SYN1 protein(P＜0.05,P＜0.01 or P＜0.001).Conclusions Chaijin JieYu Anshen formula may alle-viate the depression-like behavior of model rats by re-ducing the expression of HDAC5 protein,thus deregu-lating the inhibition of transcription factor MEF2C,promoting the expression of PSD-95 and SNY1 protein,and exerting a protective effect on hippocampal neurons and synapses.

Aim To investigate the mechanisms of Ke-chuanting granules(KCT)inhibiting the IL-33/ILC2s pathway and pathogenic T cells to intervene in allergic airway inflammation.Methods Network pharmacolo-gy was utilized to analyze the potential targets and mechanisms of KCT-treated asthma.Allergic asthma models were induced in mice using OVA.Lung histo-pathology was conducted to observe injury changes.ELISA and quantitative PCR were utilized to measure key inflammatory factors and their mRNA expression levels in Th2-type asthma.Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation levels of relevant proteins in the MAPK pathway.Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the proportions of ILC2s,Th1,Th 17,Th2 and Treg cells.Results Network pharmacology iden-tified 227 main active components and 143 key targets of KCT in treating asthma,primarily enriched in signa-ling pathways such as MAPK and IL-17.Further vali-dation experiments demonstrated that KCT significantly alleviated lung inflammatory injury in asthmatic mice,reduced the number of B cells,production of I L-4,TNF-α and TGF-β,downregulated JNK phosphoryla-tion levels in lung tissue,as well as mRNA levels of Il-33,Bcl11b,Rorα,Tcf-7,Jun,Mapk3 and Mapk14.KCT intervention reduced the numbers of ILC2s and Th 17 cells in lungs and spleens of mice,and inhibited Th2 cell infiltration in lungs.Conclusions KCT ex-hibits therapeutic effects on allergic airway inflamma-tion in asthma,closely associated with the inhibition of the IL-33/ILC2s pathway,pathogenic T cell subsets,and JNK-MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective To determine the impact of progressive rehabilitation intervention based on the FITT principle on the recovery of elderly patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardi-al infarction(STEMI)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 184 STEMI patients admitted to our hospital between December 2021 and June 2023 were enrolled and randomly divided into a study group(n=92)and a control group(n=92).Routine rehabilita-tion intervention was given to the control group,and progressive rehabilitation intervention based on the FITT principle was given to the study group.Both groups were intervened for 12 weeks.Metabolite equivalents(MET)of the two groups were evaluated before and at 4,8 and 12 weeks after intervention.Their cardiopulmonary reserve function and quality of life were evaluated with cardiopulmonary exercise testing and myocardial infarction multidimensional assessment scale(MIDAS)before and at 12 weeks after intervention.The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events such as ventricular arrhythmia and heart failure(HF)during 6 months of follow-up was recorded.Results There were significant differences in two sets of MET value groups,time points,and group time point interactions(P＜0.01).No statistical difference was found in MET values be-tween the two groups before intervention(P＞0.05).The MET values were increased in both groups at 4,8 and 12 weeks after intervention than before intervention,and those in the study group were higher than those in the control group at above three time points(P＜0.05).Com-pared with before intervention,the peak oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold oxygen uptake in 2 groups increased after intervention(P＜0.05).The peak oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold oxygen uptake in the study group were higher than those in the control group[(23.52±1.86)ml/(min·kg)vs(21.36±2.60)ml/(min·kg),P＜0.01;(14.33±2.02)ml/(min·kg)vs(12.08±1.76)ml/(min·kg),P＜0.01];Compared with before intervention,the carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent slope of 2 groups decreased after intervention(P＜0.05).The carbon dioxide equivalent slope of the study group was lower than that of the control group(26.12±2.34 vs 28.10±2.52,P＜0.01).Compared with before intervention,the MIDAS score was decreased in both groups af-ter intervention(65.30±5.20 vs 96.64±7.33,P＜0.01;70.46±5.87 vs 95.80±7.26,P＜0.01),and the score of the study group was lower than that of the control group(65.30±5.20 vs 70.46±5.87,P＜0.01).After a 6-month follow-up,there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Progressive reha-bilitation interventions based on the FITT principle can promote exercise tolerance,improve car-diopulmonary reserve function,and enhance the quality of life of elderly STEMI patients after PCI.

Objective To investigate whether patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)can benefit from metformin tablets combined with drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets(Ⅱ).Methods A total of 84 PCOS patients diagnosed in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected.According to the treatment plan and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)index,patients were divided into monotherapy normal group[drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets(Ⅱ),HOMA-IR index<2.69,n=29],monotherapy abnormal group[drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets(Ⅱ),HOMA-IR index≥2.69,n=15],combination normal group[drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets(Ⅱ)+ metformin,HOMA-IR index<2.69,n=11]and combination abnormal group[drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets(Ⅱ)+ metformin,HOMA-IR index≥2.69,n=29].Luteinizing hormone(LH),testosterone(T),sex hormone binding globulin(SHBG),HOMA-IR index and efficacy of all groups were compared.Results Before treatment,HOMA-IR index of patients in monotherapy abnormal group was significantly higher than that in monotherapy normal group(P<0.05),and HOMA-IR index of patients in combination abnormal group was significantly higher than that in combination normal group(P<0.05).After treatment,LH and T of four groups were significantly lower than before treatment,and SHBG was significantly higher than before treatment(P<0.05).The HOMA-IR index of patients in other three groups was significantly lower than before treatment except monotherapy normal group(P<0.05).After treatment,HOMA-IR index of patients with monotherapy abnormal group was significantly higher than that of patients with monotherapy normal group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in LH,T,HOMA-IR index and SHBG between combination normal group and combination abnormal group(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in total effective rate between monotherapy normal group and combination normal group(χ2=3.398,P=0.183).The total effective rate in combination abnormal group was significantly higher than that in monotherapy abnormal group(χ2=6.360,P=0.042).Conclusion The combination of metformin tablets combined with drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets(Ⅱ)can improve insulin resistance in patients,and the combination regimen will benefit more patients with PCOS and insulin resistance.

Objective To explore the effect of evidence-based nursing on medication compliance with multiple chronic disease patients in the community.Methods 60 patients with chronic diseases included in the center from January 2023 to June 2023 were selected,divided into control group and observation group before and after the application of evidence-based care,with 30 cases in each group.The control group adopted the usual care program,and the observation group adopted the evidence-based care program to compare the implementation rate of the review index before and after the evidence application,the medication compliance of the two groups,the drug holding rate and the drug knowledge level of community nurses for chronic diseases.Results After the application of evidence,the implementation rate of the review index was higher,and the medication compli-ance and drug holding rate of patients in the observation group were higher than that of the control group.After the application of evidence,the drug knowledge level of community nurses for chronic diseases was significantly improved,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The evidence-based nursing practice can standardize the management of medi-cation compliance of patients with chronic diseases in the community,improve the medication compliance of patients with chroni diseases,and improve the knowledge level of chronic diseases in the community nurses.

Objective:To analyze the effects of assisted intestinal fluid infusion on anal function, gastrointestinal function and nutritional status of patients with low rectal cancer after terminal ileostomy.Methods:Eighty patients with low rectal cancer admitted to Zhejiang Jinhua Guangfu Cancer Hospital from July 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the study objects, and 40 patients performed radical operation and terminal ileostomy(control group), 40 patients performed radical operation and terminal ileostomy and intestinal fluid infusion (experimental group). The anal function indexes, gastrointestinal hormone indexes, intestinal mucosal barrier function indexes and nutritional status indexes were compared before and after operation between the two groups.Results:After operation for 3 months, the maximum systolic pressure of anal canal, rectal compliance, maximum resting pressure of anal canal, rectal bowel inclination sensory volume in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group: (169.72 ± 12.04) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (160.42 ± 11.58) mmHg, (4.88 ± 0.17) mmHg vs. (4.20 ± 0.14) mmHg, (40.73 ± 4.31) mmHg vs. (36.05 ± 4.09) mmHg, (80.31 ± 8.27) ml vs. (72.53 ± 7.39) ml, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). After operation for 9 d, the levels of gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), prealbumin (PA), albumin (Alb) and hemoglobin (Hb) in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group: (260.59 ± 31.57) ng/L vs. (224.61 ± 25.01) ng/L, (91.73 ± 10.58) ng/L vs. (65.65 ± 7.01) ng/L, (167.89 ± 18.14) mg/L vs. (152.34 ± 16.01) mg/L, (24.58 ± 2.89) g/L vs.(21.49 ± 2.47) g/L, (79.84 ± 8.67) g/L vs. (70.59 ± 8.01) g/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The incidence of malnutrition in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group: 10.00%(4/40) vs. 27.50%(11/40), there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 4.02, P<0.05). Conclusions:The use of intestinal fluid infusion as an adjuvant therapy after distal ileostomy in patients with low rectal cancer can improve anal function, gastrointestinal function, and nutritional status.

Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1(Hapln1)supports active cardiomyogenesis in zebrafish hearts,but its regulation in mammal cardiomyocytes is unclear.This study aimed to explore the potential regulation of Hapln1 in the dedifferentiation and proliferation of cardiomyocytes and its therapeutic value in myocardial infarction with human induced pluripotent stem cell(hiPSC)-derived car-diomyocytes(CMs)and an adult mouse model of myocardial infarction.HiPSC-CMs and adult mice with myocardial infarction were used as in vitro and in vivo models,respectively.Previous single-cell RNA sequencing data were retrieved for bioinformatic exploration.The results showed that recombinant human Hapln1(rhHapln1)promotes the proliferation of hiPSC-CMs in a dose-dependent manner.As a physical binding protein of Hapln1,versican interacted with Nodal growth differentiation factor(NODAL)and growth differentiation factor 11(GDF11).GDF11,but not NODAL,was expressed by hiPSC-CMs.GDF11 expression was unaffected by rhHapln1 treatment.However,this molecule was required for rhHapln1-mediated activation of the transforming growth factor(TGF)-β/Drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein(SMAD)2/3 signaling in hiPSC-CMs,which stimulates cell dedifferentiation and proliferation.Recombinant mouse Hapln1(rmHapln1)could induce cardiac regeneration in the adult mouse model of myocardial infarction.In addition,rmHapln1 induced hiPSC-CM proliferation.In conclusion,Hapln1 can stimulate the dedifferentiation and proliferation of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes by promoting versican-based GDF11 trapping and subsequent activation of the TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway.Hapln1 might be an effective hiPSC-CM dedifferentiation and proliferation agent and a po-tential reagent for repairing damaged hearts.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects and difference in the effects of Arisaematis Rhizoma （AR） before and after processing （i.e.， Arisaematis Rhizoma Preparatum， ARP） with Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens-Alumen on allergic asthma in rats and to provide a basis for the theory of processing improving the efficacy. MethodA rat model of allergic asthma was established in 70 SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin （OVA）-aluminum hydroxide. The rats were administrated with the aqueous extracts of AR （1.2， 0.3 g∙kg^-1） and ARP （1.2， 0.3 g∙kg^-1） aqueous extracts by gavage， and montelukast sodium （0.001 g∙kg^-1） was used as the positive drug. The T helper cell type 1/type 2 （Th1/Th2） ratio in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and percentages of inflammatory cells in BALF were determined. Polymerase chain reaction （PCR） was employed to determine the mRNA level of mucin 5AC （MUC5AC） in the lung tissue. The pathological changes in the lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and PAS staining. Immunohistochemical assay was employed to measure the expression of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase （JNK）， extracellular signal regulated protein kinase （ERK）， and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） in rat lung tissue. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of ERK， p-ERK， JNK， p-JNK， p38， p-p38 in the lung tissue. The effects of AR and ARP were compared based on overall desirability. ResultCompared with the blank group， the levels of interleukin-12 （IL-12） and γ interferon （IFN-γ） in serum and BALF of rats in the model group were significantly lower （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the levels of interleukin-4 （IL-4）， interleukin-5 （IL-5） and interleukin-13 （IL-13） were significantly higher （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the serum and BALF contents of IL-12 and IFN-γ in rats in the montelukast sodium group， high-dose AR group and high-dose ARP group were significantly higher （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the contents of IL-4， IL-5 and IL-13 were significantly lower （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the serum contents of IFN-γ in rats in the low-dose AR group and low-dose ARP group were in BALF was significantly higher （P<0.05） and IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly lower （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the percentages of macrophages， lymphocytes， neutrophils， and eosinophils were reduced in BALF， and the expression of JNK/ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MUC5AC protein was inhibited in lung tissues. Overall assessment of the normalized analysis revealed that the ARP group was slightly more potent than the AR group after administration of the same dose. ConclusionAR and ARP can effectively treat allergic asthma by inhibiting JNK/ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway， and the effect is better after concoction， which can provide data support for its "concoction efficiency".

Aim To investigate the therapeutic effect of the MW-9 on ulcerative colitis(UC)and reveal the underlying mechanism, so as to provide a scientific guidance for the MW-9 treatment of UC. Methods The model of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells was established. The effect of MW-9 on RAW264.7 cells viability was detected by MTT assay. The levels of nitric oxide(NO)in RAW264.7 macrophages were measured by Griess assay. Cell supernatants and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines containing IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β were determined by ELISA kits. Dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced UC model in mice was established and body weight of mice in each group was measured. The histopathological damage degree of colonic tissue was assessed by HE staining. The protein expression of p-p38, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK was detected by Western blot. Results MW-9 intervention significantly inhibited NO release in RAW264.7 macrophages with IC50 of 20.47 mg·L-1 and decreased the overproduction of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α(P<0.05). MW-9 had no cytotoxicity at the concentrations below 6 mg·L-1. After MW-9 treatment, mouse body weight was gradually reduced, and the serum IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly down-regulated. Compared with the model group, MW-9 significantly decreased the expression of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 protein. Conclusions MW-9 has significant anti-inflammatory activities both in vitro and in vivo, and its underlying mechanism for the treatment of UC may be associated with the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway.