OBJECTIVE: To explore the improvement effect of rehabilitation nursing based on information-knowledge-belief-behavior (IKAP) theory on urinary incontinence patients after radical prostatectomy. METHODS Sixty-six patients with urinary incontinence who received robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected and divided into control group (n=33) and observation group (n=33) according to random number table method. The patients in the control group were treated with rehabilitation nursing. The patients in the observation group were treated with rehabilitation nursing guided by IKAP theory. The recovery of urinary incontinence, duration of urinary incontinence, subjective well-being, quality of life, psychological and emotional indexes of patients in the two groups were compared. Results： The total effective rate of urinary incontinence recovery in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (90.91% vs 60.61%，P<0.05). The duration of urinary incontinence in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (［3.36±1.54］d vs ［4.15±1.36］d，P<0.05). And the subjective well-being score in observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (［19.36±2.69］points vs ［11.65±2.65］points， P<0.05). There was no significant difference in preoperative physical function, social function，and mental health scores between the two groups (P>0.05). And all scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after surgery (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the preoperative SAS and SDS scores between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). And the scores of SAS and SDS in observation group were lower than those of the control group after the operation (P<0.05). Conclusion： Rehabilitation nursing based on IKAP theory can significantly improve urinary incontinence in patients with prostate cancer after surgery, which promotes the recovery of urinary incontinence, shortens the time of urinary incontinence, and improves the subjective well-being and quality of life, as well as reduces the negative impact of negative emotions. Therefore, it can be widely promoted and implemented in clinical practice.
Humans ; Prostatectomy/adverse effects* ; Urinary Incontinence/etiology* ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Rehabilitation Nursing ; Middle Aged ; Aged

Objective To analyze the characteristics of adverse drug reactions （ADR） reported in Sixth People’s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiaotong University from 2021 to 2023, to provide reference for promoting rational clinical drug use. Methods ADR data reported in our hospital were collected retrospectively, including patients’ basic information, drugs causing adverse reactions, types of adverse reactions and outcomes. Descriptive analysis methods were used to summarize and analyze the data. Results A total of 979 cases of ADR were reported in our hospital from 2021 to 2023. The highest proportion of patients with ADR occurred in the age range of 31 to 50, and more male patients （63.5%）. The top five drugs involved with adverse reactions were antibiotics （48.8%）, Chinese medicine injections（19.2%）, vitamins（7.5%）, Chinese traditional medicine（7.2%）, equine tetanus immunoglobulin（6.3%）. Among antibiotics, cefuroxime, ceftazidime and cefotiam were the majority. The organs/systems involved in all ADR were mainly skin and accessories damage （55.4%）. The clinical manifestations were rash, itching, and maculopapular rash. Conclusion From 2021 to 2023, the most common drugs causing adverse drug reactions in our hospital were mainly antibacterial drugs, and the rational clinical use of antibacterial drugs still needs to be concerned.

Proanthocyanidin B_2(PAC-B_2), a polyphenolic dimeric compound comprising two epicatechin molecules linked by a C-C bond, is extensively found in traditional Chinese medicines, with anti-tumor and anti-oxidant activities. Given the limited bioavailability, a thorough investigation and comprehensive understanding of PAC-B_2 metabolism in vivo are essential for elucidating therapeutic forms and mechanisms. In the present study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) in the negative ion mode was employed to acquire the MS/MS information of PAC-B_2 and metabolites in urine and feces samples of the rats administrated with PAC-B_2. Online energy-resolved MS(ER-MS) was applied as supplementary to obtain the full collision energy ramp-MS~2 spectra(FCER-MS~2) of isomers-of-interest, which implied comprehensive MS~2 information of targeted compounds. Finally, the possible metabolic pathways of PAC-B_2 in rats were proposed. The primary fragmentation behaviors of PAC-B_2 in the negative ion mode included quinone methide fission between C_4-C_8 bond, retro Diels-Alder cracking of F-ring, heterocyclic ring fission of C-ring, and neutral loss of small molecules such as H_2O. A total of 25 metabolites were tentatively elucidated in urine and feces samples of rats administrated with PAC-B_2 by fragmentation pattern and reported literature. Two groups of isomers, M3/M4/M5 and M9/M11, were confirmatively differentiated based on the relationships between optimal collision energy provided by FCER-MS~2 and bond properties, including bond length and bond dissociation energy. In addition to the ring-opening and methylation, PAC-B_2 could also be metabolized into epicatechin and low molecular weight phenolic acids, which were subsequently subjected to dehydroxylation, ring-opening, methylation, sulfation, and glucuronidation. The structural information provided by online ER-MS and FCER-MS~2 enabled the differentiation of isomers and improved the identification confidence. More importantly, the present study deeply analyzes the in vivo metabolic pathways of PAC-B_2, providing a basis for the research on the pharmacological mechanism of this compound.
Animals ; Proanthocyanidins/urine* ; Rats ; Male ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Feces/chemistry* ; Molecular Structure

The purpose of this study was to establish a luciferase immunosorbent assay(LISA)using the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV)glycoprotein C(Gc),a specific antigen,for the detection of CCHFV IgG antibodies.Three antigenic fragments based on CCHFV glycoprotein C were designed,and three recombinant plasmids were constructed by liga-tion with the NanoLuc luciferase(NLuc)expression vector pNLF1-N through molecular cloning.The accuracy of the sequences in the recombinant plasmids was confirmed through sequencing.The recombinant plasmids were transfected into eukaryotic cells to obtain fusion proteins containing specific antigens and luciferase,and the expression of the fusion proteins was verified by western blotting,thereby facilitating the establishment of the CCHFV-LISA detection technique.The assay's sensitivity,specificity,and stability were evaluated and compared with those of a commercial CCHFV IgG antibody test kit.Three recom-binant antigen fragments of CCHFV Gc—NLuc-Gc-Full,NLuc-Gc-C1,and NLuc-Gc-C2—were expressed,with molecular weights of 80.1 kDa,62.8 kDa,and 53.9 kDa,respectively.The optimal fragment for CCHFV detection was NLuc-Gc-C2.The sensitivity of the CCHFV-LISA was 90.9％,and the specificity was 100％;the findings were highly concordant with those for the commercial CCHFV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.Repeatability tests indicated no statistically significant differ-ences in inter-and intra-assay variability within the same batch.The LISA was highly specific,sensitive,and user-friendly in detecting IgG antibodies against the CCHFV.Therefore,this method may facilitate serological diagnosis and epidemiological studies in endemic regions,and provide essential technical support for disease surveillance and early warning.

Objective:To analyze the effects of the Focused Solution Model Nursing intervention on quality of life,negative emotions of the patients with prostate cancer.Methods:A total of 82 prostate cancer patients who were diagnosed and treated at the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command between September 2022 and September 2024 were included and randomly divided into study group and control group by the method of random number table,with 41 patients in each group.The patients in the study group were treated with Focused Solution Model Nursing intervention.And the routine care was used in the control group The quality of life and negative emotions were compared between the two groups by using the scales of World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief(WHOQOL-BREF),HAMA and HAMD.Results:Compared to the control group,the patients in the study group exhibited signifi-cantly higher scores in the physiological,psychological,environmental,and social relationship domains of the WHOQOL-BREF scale(P＜0.05).The scores of HAMA and HAMD in study group were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Additionally,all subscales of the Social Impact Scale including social exclusion,internalized shame,social isolation and economic discrimination were significantly lower than those of the study group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Focused Solution Model Nursing intervention can effec-tively improve the quality of life and negative emotions of the prostate cancer patients in the clinical treatment.

The purpose of this study was to establish a luciferase immunosorbent assay(LISA)using the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV)glycoprotein C(Gc),a specific antigen,for the detection of CCHFV IgG antibodies.Three antigenic fragments based on CCHFV glycoprotein C were designed,and three recombinant plasmids were constructed by liga-tion with the NanoLuc luciferase(NLuc)expression vector pNLF1-N through molecular cloning.The accuracy of the sequences in the recombinant plasmids was confirmed through sequencing.The recombinant plasmids were transfected into eukaryotic cells to obtain fusion proteins containing specific antigens and luciferase,and the expression of the fusion proteins was verified by western blotting,thereby facilitating the establishment of the CCHFV-LISA detection technique.The assay's sensitivity,specificity,and stability were evaluated and compared with those of a commercial CCHFV IgG antibody test kit.Three recom-binant antigen fragments of CCHFV Gc—NLuc-Gc-Full,NLuc-Gc-C1,and NLuc-Gc-C2—were expressed,with molecular weights of 80.1 kDa,62.8 kDa,and 53.9 kDa,respectively.The optimal fragment for CCHFV detection was NLuc-Gc-C2.The sensitivity of the CCHFV-LISA was 90.9％,and the specificity was 100％;the findings were highly concordant with those for the commercial CCHFV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.Repeatability tests indicated no statistically significant differ-ences in inter-and intra-assay variability within the same batch.The LISA was highly specific,sensitive,and user-friendly in detecting IgG antibodies against the CCHFV.Therefore,this method may facilitate serological diagnosis and epidemiological studies in endemic regions,and provide essential technical support for disease surveillance and early warning.

Objective To observe the pharmacokinetic effect of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets on amoxicillin in Chinese healthy subjects under fasting and high fat and high calorie diet.Methods 71 healthy subjects were given a single dose of amoxicillin potassium clavulanate tablets(0.375 g)on fasting or high fat diet,and venous blood samples were collected at different time points.The concentrations of amoxicillin in human plasma were determined by HPLC-MS/MS method,and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-atrioventricular model using PhoenixWinNonlin 8.0 software.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin potassium clavulanate tablets after fasting and high fat diet were(5 105.00±1 444.00),(4 593.00±1 327.00)ng·mL-1,and postprandial-fasting ratio 89.40％,90％confidence interval(79.55％-100.19％);t1/2 were(1.52±0.16),(1.39±0.22)h;AUC0-t were(12 969.00±1 841.00),(11 577.00±1 663.00)ng·mL-1·h,and postdietary/fasting ratio 89.20％,90％confidence interval(83.92％-94.28％);AUC0-∞ were(13 024.00±1 846.00),(11 532.00±1 545.00)ng·mL-1·h,and postprandial-fasting ratio 88.60％,90％confidence interval(83.48％-93.50％).The median Tmax(range)were 1.63(0.75,3.00)and 2.50(0.75,6.00)h,respectively,and the Tmax of postprandial medication was delayed(P＜0.01).Conclusion Compared with fasting condition,amoxicillin Tmax was significantly delayed after high fat diet,while Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were not significantly changed,indicating that food could delay the absorption of amoxicillin,but did not affect the degree of absorption.

Objective To study the bioequivalence and safety of two olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide tablets in Chinese healthy subjects.Methods A total of 24 healthy subjects underwent fasting and postprandial tests in a single-center,randomized,open-label,single-dose,two-formulation,two-sequence,two-period,self-cross-over controlled design.The subjects were administered a single oral dose of the test formulation and reference formulation(each containingolmesartan medoxomil 20 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg)in a random cross-over fashion.The plasma concentrations of olmesartan and hydrochlorothiazide were determined by LC-MS/MS.The non-compartmental model analysis of olmesartan and hydrochlorothiazide was conducted using WinNonlin 7.0 software to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters and assess bioequivalence.Results In the fasting test,the pharmacokinetic parameters of olmesartan of test and reference were as follows:Cmax were(798.35±206.78)and(664.52±168.25)ng·mL-1,AUC0-t were(4 430.71±1 294.87)and(3 976.67±1 083.54)h·ng·mL-1,AUC0-∞ were(4 551.67±1 303.06)and(4 090.37±1 103.97)h·ng·mL-1.The pharmacokinetic parameters of hydrochlorothiazide of test and reference were as follows:Cmax were(92.39±35.96)and(96.15±38.76)ng·mL-1,AUC0_t were(548.69±217.11)and(564.41±208.68)h·ng·mL-1,AUC0-∞ were(603.04±228.59)and(619.26±223.27)h·ng·mL-1.In the fed test,the pharmacokinetic parameters of olmesartan of T and R were as follows:Cmax were(583.15±149.48)and(550.57±104.76)ng·mL-1,AUC0-t were(3 585.18±952.72)and(3 292.19±904.58)h·ng·mL-1,AUC0-∞ were(3 696.05±996.55)and(3 396.30±923.41)h·ng·mL-1.The pharmacokinetic parameters of hydrochlorothiazide of test and reference were as follows:Cmax were(70.30±17.88)and(74.70±21.65)ng·mL-1,AUC0-t were(476.60±119.39)and(492.91±144.81)h·ng·mL-1,AUC0-∞ were(523.37±132.67)and(535.81±151.92)h·ng·mL-1.In fasting and fed condition,the 90％confidence interval(90％CI)of Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ of olmesartan and hydrochlorothiazide were in 80.00％-125.00％.Conclusion The two olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide tablets were bioequivalent under fasting and fed conditions,and good security.

"MS/MS spectrum to structure"plays a critical role in the confirmative identification of complicated matrices and is currently regarded as an extremely challenging endeavor.MS/MS information provides vital clues to structural identification.In this study,a strategy was proposed to facilitate unambiguous identification through matching MS3 with MS2 spectra.Initially,MS3 spectra of the featured ions(c-and y-type ions)generated by the decomposition of ester functional group in esters and the MS2 spectrum of the structural unit([M-H]-)were all captured on the Qtrap-MS platform equipped with two tandem-in-space collision cells,including the second quadrupole cell(q2)and linear ion trap(LIT)chambers(actually the third quadrupole unit).Subsequently,the MS/MS spectrum matching between MS3 spectra of the ester compound and MS2 spectra of the structural unit(s)were achieved.As a result,the findings corresponding to MS3 and MS2 spectra matching were summarized.Finally,based on HR-MS/MS information of total salvianolic acid derivatives(TSA),36 kinds of compounds were preliminarily identified through matching with literature information and database retrieval.The applicability of MS3 and MS2 spectra matching strategy was further justified by the confirmative identification of phenolic acid compounds(Rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B)in TSA.Above all,MS3 and MS2 spectra matching strategy was quite meaningful towards advancing"MS/MS spectrum to structure"analysis through recognizing and identifying featured fragment ions,and also provided inspiration and new insights for the structural characterization.