ObjectiveTo systematically compare the effects of diverse electromagnetic stimulation protocols on hand function and activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke patients using network meta-analysis (NMA), and screen the optimal stimulation strategy for post-stroke hand dysfunction rehabilitation. MethodsNMA was performed in accordance with the PRISMA-NMA statement. Databases of CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were searched from database inception to April, 2026 for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different electromagnetic stimulation protocols for post-stroke hand impairment. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and PEDro scale were used to assess methodological quality of included studies, while the GRADE system was adopted to grade evidence quality of primary outcomes of Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE) and modified Barthel Index (MBI). After literature screening, data extraction and bias evaluation, RevMan 5.4 and Stata 17.0 were used for meta-analysis and NMA. ResultsA total of 22 RCT involving 17 electromagnetic stimulation protocols were finally included. The PEDro scores ranged from six to ten. The top five protocols for improving FMA-UE score were repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) + repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) + rPMS, iTBS + transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) and contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation (CCFES). tDCS was the most effective on MBI, followed by TEAS and iTBS+rPMS. Evidence quality for FMA-UE and MBI was moderate. Funnel plots suggested low risk of publication bias, and consistency tests verified good coherence between direct and indirect comparisons in network models. ConclusionElectromagnetic stimulation significantly facilitates upper limb and hand functional recovery, and improves ADL in stroke patients. The combined central-peripheral magnetic stimulation protocol may be the most effective on motor rehabilitation, whereas tDCS on ADL.

Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators. The expert consensus reached aims to encourage medical institutions at all levels to continuously improve the high-quality research and development and transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and targeted at clinical needs, so as to provide a decision-making basis for the preparation, selection, cultivation, and transformation of new TCM for medical institutions, improve the development efficiency of new TCM, and precisely respond to the public medication needs.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Eighteen compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the fruits of Litsea cubeba by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, semi-preparative RP-HPLC, chiral HPLC and recrystallization. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with reported spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties, and the absolute configurations of the enantiomers were established by experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. These compounds were identified as (+)-(R)-4-hydroxypiperitenone (1a), (-)-(S)-4-hydroxypiperitenone (1b), (3S,4S,6R)-3,6-dihydroxy-1-menthene (2), (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (3), (R)-6-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-6-methylcyclohex-2-enone (4), (4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-isopropyl-3-methylcyclohex-2-enone (5), (1R,3S,4R)-3-hydroxy isopulegol (6), subamone (7), (6S)-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2(Z)-octen-6-olide (8), (6S)-6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyloct-2(Z)-enoate (9), holostylactone (10), sesamin (11), dimethylmatairesinol (12), p-hydroxybenzoylcarbinol (13), syringaldehyde (14), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (15), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (16), 5,4ʹ-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (17). Among them, compounds 1a and 1b were a pair of new monoterpenoid enantiomers, 8 and 9 were new natural products, 2-7, 10, 11 and 17 were isolated from Litsea genus for the first time. The in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of compounds 1-17 were evaluated using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, the results showed that compound 14 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity with NO inhibitory rate of 66.27% at a concentration of 40 μmol·L^-1.

The cobalt sulphide nickel ternary material(NiCo2S4)prepared by hydrothermal method in this work was combined with multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)for constructing an electrochemical sensor for quantitative detection of rutin.The morphology and crystal of the electrochemical materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer,and the electrochemical behavior of the glassy carbon electrode(GCE)modified with NiCo2S4/MWCNT composites was investigated.The experimental results showed that the electrochemical redox process of two electrons and two protons occurred on the surface of modified electrode NiCo2S4/MWCNT/GCE.Under the optimized conditions,the linear range for detection of rutin by square-wave voltammetry(SWV)using this sensor was 0.06-14.8 μmol/L and the detection limit was 14.3 nmol/L.The electrochemical sensor was sensitive,simple and low-cost,with good reproducibility and reliable stability,and could be used for detection of rutin in real samples such as compound rutin tablets and color chrysanthemi tablets,with spiked recoveries of 99.5%-102.0%.

This study was aimed at exploring the effects of Toxoplasma gondii ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ protein on the cell cycle,pro-liferation,and apoptosis of THP-1 cells via activation of STAT3 phosphorylation.ROP16 empty vector and recombinant lenti-viral overexpression vector were transfected into THP-1 cells,the fluorescence intensity was observed,and overexpression was verified.STAT3 and P-STAT3 protein expression in THP-1 cells overexpressing ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ was detected by Western blot-ting.The cells were treated with the STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor Stattic,and divided into a THP-1 group,THP-1+Stattic group,THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group,and THP-1-ROP16Ⅰ/Ⅲ+Stattic group.Changes in the cell cycle,proliferation curve,and apoptosis rate were detected with flow cytometry and CCK-8 assays,and the expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins Bax,Cleaved Caspase3,Caspase9,and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting.A strong fluorescence signal was ob-served after transfection of ROP16 recombinant lentivirus overexpression vector into THP-1 cells,and ROP16 mRNA and pro-tein expression significantly increased(FmRNA=314.1,Fprotein=758.7,P＜0.001),thus indicating successful construction of cell strains with stable overexpression.In addition,P-STAT3 protein showed higher expression in THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group than the THP-1 group(F=606.1,P＜0.001).Flow cytometry and CCK-8 results indicated that,compared with the THP-1 group,the THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group showed a cell cycle blocked in G1 phase,lower cell proliferation ability(t Ⅰgroup=19.2,tⅢgroup=24.0,P＜0.01),and a higher apoptosis rate(t Ⅰgroup=175.1,tⅢgroup=205.2,P＜0.001).Western blotting results also demonstrated significantly elevated expression of the intracellular pro-apoptotic proteins Bax,Cleaved Caspase3,and Caspase9(t Bax Ⅰgroup=15.8,tBaxⅢgroup=11.1,t Caspase9 Ⅰ group=9.1,t Caspaseg Ⅲ group=10.2,t Cleaved Caspase3 Ⅰ group=16.5,t Cleaved Caspase3 Ⅲ group=12.9,all P＜0.001),and significantly diminished expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2(t Ⅰgroup=18.4,tⅢgroup=26.2,P＜0.001).However,after Stattic treatment,the cell cycle,proliferation ability,apoptosis rate,and expression of apoptosis-re-lated proteins in the THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ+Stattic group were restored to near baseline levels.Thus,Toxoplasma gondii ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ proteins were found to block the THP-1 cell cycle at G1 phase,inhibit cell proliferation,and promote apoptosis by activating the phosphorylation of STAT3.

This study was aimed at exploring the effects of Toxoplasma gondii ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ protein on the cell cycle,pro-liferation,and apoptosis of THP-1 cells via activation of STAT3 phosphorylation.ROP16 empty vector and recombinant lenti-viral overexpression vector were transfected into THP-1 cells,the fluorescence intensity was observed,and overexpression was verified.STAT3 and P-STAT3 protein expression in THP-1 cells overexpressing ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ was detected by Western blot-ting.The cells were treated with the STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor Stattic,and divided into a THP-1 group,THP-1+Stattic group,THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group,and THP-1-ROP16Ⅰ/Ⅲ+Stattic group.Changes in the cell cycle,proliferation curve,and apoptosis rate were detected with flow cytometry and CCK-8 assays,and the expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins Bax,Cleaved Caspase3,Caspase9,and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting.A strong fluorescence signal was ob-served after transfection of ROP16 recombinant lentivirus overexpression vector into THP-1 cells,and ROP16 mRNA and pro-tein expression significantly increased(FmRNA=314.1,Fprotein=758.7,P＜0.001),thus indicating successful construction of cell strains with stable overexpression.In addition,P-STAT3 protein showed higher expression in THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group than the THP-1 group(F=606.1,P＜0.001).Flow cytometry and CCK-8 results indicated that,compared with the THP-1 group,the THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group showed a cell cycle blocked in G1 phase,lower cell proliferation ability(t Ⅰgroup=19.2,tⅢgroup=24.0,P＜0.01),and a higher apoptosis rate(t Ⅰgroup=175.1,tⅢgroup=205.2,P＜0.001).Western blotting results also demonstrated significantly elevated expression of the intracellular pro-apoptotic proteins Bax,Cleaved Caspase3,and Caspase9(t Bax Ⅰgroup=15.8,tBaxⅢgroup=11.1,t Caspase9 Ⅰ group=9.1,t Caspaseg Ⅲ group=10.2,t Cleaved Caspase3 Ⅰ group=16.5,t Cleaved Caspase3 Ⅲ group=12.9,all P＜0.001),and significantly diminished expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2(t Ⅰgroup=18.4,tⅢgroup=26.2,P＜0.001).However,after Stattic treatment,the cell cycle,proliferation ability,apoptosis rate,and expression of apoptosis-re-lated proteins in the THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ+Stattic group were restored to near baseline levels.Thus,Toxoplasma gondii ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ proteins were found to block the THP-1 cell cycle at G1 phase,inhibit cell proliferation,and promote apoptosis by activating the phosphorylation of STAT3.

OBJECTIVE: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in several important pathological processes and have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role of circRNAs in neural tube defects (NTDs). METHOD: We characterized circRNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in brain tissue of low folate -induced NTDs mouse at embryonic day 13.5 by high-throughput sequencing. The expression levels of Circzfp644, miR-20-5p and Gas7 were detected by RT-PCR. Gas7 and Circzfp644 functions were determined by miRNA-mimics and inhibitors in mouse teratocarcinoma cells (F9 cells), and luciferase gene reporter assay was assessed in the F9 cells. In addition, the expression levels of Circzfp644, miR-20-5p and Gas7 were determined by Nanostring in human NTDs tissues. RESULTS: We detected 57 circRNA transcripts, 16 miRNAs, and 148 mRNAs that were significantly dysregulated in NTDs brain tissues compared with their expression levels in control (normal) tissues. Circzfp644 shared miRNA response elements with the growth arrest specific 7 ( Gas7) gene and competitively bound with miR-20-5p to increase the expression of Gas7. Downregulation of Circzfp644 and Gas7 and upregulation of miR-20-5p were found in human NTD tissue. CONCLUSION This study provides new perspectives on the role of circRNAs in nervous system development and the pathogenesis of NTDs.
Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; RNA, Circular/genetics* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Down-Regulation ; Neural Tube Defects/genetics* ; Folic Acid

Paeonia veitchii and P. lactiflora are both original plants of the famous Chinese medicinal drug Paeoniae Radix Rubra in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. They have important medicinal value and great potential in the flower market. The selection of stable and reliable reference genes is a necessary prerequisite for molecular research on P. veitchii. In this study, two reference genes, Actin and GAPDH, were selected as candidate genes from the transcriptome data of P. veitchii. The expression levels of the two candidate genes in different tissues(phloem, xylem, stem, leaf, petiole, and ovary) and different growth stages(bud stage, flowering stage, and dormant stage) of P. veitchii were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative technology(qRT-PCR). Then, the stability of the expression of the two reference genes was comprehensively analyzed using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCT, and RefFinder. The results showed that the expression patterns of Actin and GAPDH were stable in different tissues and growth stages of P. veitchii. Furthermore, the expression levels of eight genes(Pv-TPS01, Pv-TPS02, Pv-CYP01, Pv-CYP02, Pv-CYP03, Pv-BAHD01, Pv-UGT01, and Pv-UGT02) in different tissues were further detected based on the transcriptome data of P. veitchii. The results showed that when Actin and GAPDH were used as reference genes, the expression trends of the eight genes in different tissues of P. veitchii were consistent, validating the reliability of Actin and GAPDH as reference genes for P. veitchii. In conclusion, this study finds that Actin and GAPDH can be used as reference genes for studying gene expression levels in different tissues and growth stages of P. veitchii.
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Paeonia/genetics* ; Actins/genetics* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Transcriptome ; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/genetics* ; Reference Standards ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the associations of lipid indicators and mortality in Beijing Elderly Comprehensive Health Cohort Study. METHODS: A prospective cohort was conducted based on Beijing Elderly Comprehensive Health Cohort Study with 4499 community older adults. After the baseline survey, the last follow-up was March 31, 2021 with an average 8.13 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CI for cardiovascular disease (CVD) death and all-cause death in associations with baseline lipid indicators. RESULTS: A total of 4499 participants were recruited, and the mean levels of uric acid, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) showed an upward trend with the increasing remnant cholesterol (RC) quarters (P_trend < 0.05), while the downward trend was found in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). During the total 36,596 person-years follow-up, the CVD mortality and all-cause mortality during an average 8.13 years of follow-up was 3.87% (95% CI: 3.30%-4.43%) and 14.83% (95% CI: 13.79%-15.86%) with 174 CVD death participants and 667 all-cause death participants. After adjusting for confounders, the higher level of TC (HR = 0.854, 95% CI: 0.730-0.997), LDL-C (HR = 0.817, 95% CI: 0.680-0.982) and HDL-C (HR = 0.443, 95% CI: 0.271-0.724) were associated with lower risk of CVD death, and the higher level of HDL-C (HR = 0.637, 95% CI: 0.501-0.810) were associated with lower risk of all-cause death. The higher level of RC (HR = 1.276, 95% CI: 1.010-1.613) increase the risk of CVD death. Compared with the normal lipid group, TC ≥ 6.20 mmol/L group and LDL-C ≥ 4.10 mmol/L group were no longer associated with lower risk of CVD death, while RC ≥ 0.80 mmol/L group was still associated with higher risk of CVD death. In normal lipid group, the higher levels of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were related with lower CVD death. CONCLUSIONS In community older adults, higher levels of TC and HDL-C were associated with lower CVD mortality in normal lipid reference range. Higher RC was associated with higher CVD mortality, which may be a better lipid indicator for estimating the CVD death risk in older adults.

This study aimed to investigate the intervention effect and mechanism of Xiaoyao Kangai Jieyu Recipe(XKJR) on hip-pocampal microglia and neuronal damage in mice with breast cancer related depression. The mouse model of breast cancer related depression was established by inoculation of 4T1 breast cancer cells in axilla and subcutaneous injection of corticosterone(30 mg·kg~(-1)). The successfully modeled mice were randomly divided into a model group, a positive drug group(capecitabine 60 mg·kg~(-1)+fluoxetine 19.5 mg·kg~(-1)), and XKJR group(19.5 mg·kg~(-1) crude drug), with 6 in each group. Another 6 normal mice were taken as a normal group. The administration groups were given corresponding drugs by gavage, while the normal and model groups were given an equal volume of distilled water, once a day for 21 consecutive days. The depressive behavior of mice was assessed by glucose consumption test, open field test and novelty-suppressed feeding test. Hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining and tumor suppression rate were used to evaluate the changes of axillary tumors. The mRNA expressions and the relative protein expressions of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-18(IL-18), cyclooxyganese-2(COX-2) and glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase(EPRs) in the hippocampus of mice were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect the mean fluorescence intensity of CD11b, a marker of hippocampal microglia activation. Nissler staining and transmission electron microscopy were employed to observe the morphological changes and the ultramorphological changes of hippocampal neurons, respectively. The experimental results indicated that compared with the normal group, the model group had reduced glucose consumption and lowered number of total activities in open field test(P<0.05, P<0.01), prolonged first feeding latency in no-velty-suppressed feeding test(P<0.01), and significant depression-like behavior; the contents of IL-1β, IL-18, COX-2, and EPRs in hippocampus were increased(P<0.05, P<0.01), with hippocampal microglia activation and obvious neuronal damage. Compared with the model group, the positive drug group and the XKJR group presented an improvement in depressive behaviors, a decrease in the contents of IL-1β, IL-18, COX-2 and EPRs in hippocampus, and an alleviation in the activation of hippocampal microglia and neuronal damage; the tumor suppression rates of positive drug and XKJR were 40.32% and 48.83%, respectively, suggesting a lower tumor growth rate than that of the model group. In summary, XKJR may improve hippocampal microglia activation and neuronal damage in mice with breast cancer related depression through activating COX signaling pathway.
Mice ; Animals ; Depression/genetics* ; Interleukin-18 ; Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics* ; Hippocampus ; Glucose ; Neoplasms