Objective To investigate the influence of high copper load on neurobehavior in rats and its possible mechanism of action based on the deacetylase sirtuin 3 （SIRT3）/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α （PGC-1α） signaling pathway. Methods A total of 50 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into model group and blank group， with 25 rats in each group. The rats in the model group were fed with 1 g/kg high-copper diet and 0.185% copper sulfate solution （prepared using deionized water） to establish a rat model of high copper load， and after 12 weeks， the shuttle box test and the pole-climbing test were used to observe neurobehavioral changes， while Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining were used to measure the protein expression levels of SIRT3 and PGC-1α in hippocampal tissue. Results The shuttle box test showed that compared with the blank group， the model group had a significant reduction in the number of times of active avoidance reaction after stimulation （P<0.01） and significant increases in the times of active avoidance reaction and passive avoidance reaction （P<0.01）；the pole-climbing test showed that compared with the blank group， the model group had a significant increase in pole-climbing time（P<0.01）. Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining showed that compared with the blank group， the model group had significant reductions in the protein expression levels of SIRT3 and PGC-1α in hippocampal tissue （P<0.05）. Conclusion High copper load has a marked influence on the neurobehavior of rats， possibly by regulating the expression of the SIRT3/PGC-1α signal pathway in hippocampal neurons.

Drug-target interaction (DTI) is fundamental to novel drug research and development (R &D), playing a critical role in elucidating drug mechanisms of action and improving the cost-effectiveness of drug discovery. Although China has seen rapid accumulation of drug-target resources in recent years, the industry still faces challenges such as a shortage of original targets and excessively high target concentration. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has provided an efficient technological pathway for DTI prediction, establishing it as a core tool for accelerating drug discovery. This paper systematically reviews the fundamental data support framework for DTI prediction tasks, elaborating in detail on three core data types— drug characterization, target characterization, and drug-target associations-as well as the classification and application boundaries of mainstream benchmark datasets tailored to different tasks within the field. On this basis, it comprehensively surveys the technological evolution of AI-driven DTI prediction, summarizing the core paradigms and technical advances of traditional machine learning and deep learning methods in a single-modality setting, alongside cutting-edge multimodal approaches that integrate two modalities (cross-subject/within-subject fusion) and three or more modalities for multidimensional information integration. Finally, this paper analyzes the current major challenges in data quality, model generalizability and interpretability, and real-world deployment, while also discussing future trends in standardized dataset construction, generative AI, and large-scale biomedical foundation models, aiming to provide a reference for both research and industrial applications in the AI-driven DTI prediction field.

ObjectiveTo systematically compare the effects of diverse electromagnetic stimulation protocols on hand function and activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke patients using network meta-analysis (NMA), and screen the optimal stimulation strategy for post-stroke hand dysfunction rehabilitation. MethodsNMA was performed in accordance with the PRISMA-NMA statement. Databases of CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were searched from database inception to April, 2026 for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different electromagnetic stimulation protocols for post-stroke hand impairment. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and PEDro scale were used to assess methodological quality of included studies, while the GRADE system was adopted to grade evidence quality of primary outcomes of Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE) and modified Barthel Index (MBI). After literature screening, data extraction and bias evaluation, RevMan 5.4 and Stata 17.0 were used for meta-analysis and NMA. ResultsA total of 22 RCT involving 17 electromagnetic stimulation protocols were finally included. The PEDro scores ranged from six to ten. The top five protocols for improving FMA-UE score were repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) + repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) + rPMS, iTBS + transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) and contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation (CCFES). tDCS was the most effective on MBI, followed by TEAS and iTBS+rPMS. Evidence quality for FMA-UE and MBI was moderate. Funnel plots suggested low risk of publication bias, and consistency tests verified good coherence between direct and indirect comparisons in network models. ConclusionElectromagnetic stimulation significantly facilitates upper limb and hand functional recovery, and improves ADL in stroke patients. The combined central-peripheral magnetic stimulation protocol may be the most effective on motor rehabilitation, whereas tDCS on ADL.

ObjectiveThis study leverages structural data from antigen-antibody complexes of the influenza A virus neuraminidase (NA) protein to investigate the spatial recognition relationship between the antigenic epitopes and antibody paratopes. MethodsStructural data on NA protein antigen-antibody complexes were comprehensively collected from the SAbDab database, and processed to obtain the amino acid sequences and spatial distribution information on antigenic epitopes and corresponding antibody paratopes. Statistical analysis was conducted on the antibody sequences, frequency of use of genes, amino acid preferences, and the lengths of complementarity determining regions (CDR). Epitope hotspots for antibody binding were analyzed, and the spatial structural similarity of antibody paratopes was calculated and subjected to clustering, which allowed for a comprehensively exploration of the spatial recognition relationship between antigenic epitopes and antibodies. The specificity of antibodies targeting different antigenic epitope clusters was further validated through bio-layer interferometry (BLI) experiments. ResultsThe collected data revealed that the antigen-antibody complex structure data of influenza A virus NA protein in SAbDab database were mainly from H3N2, H7N9 and H1N1 subtypes. The hotspot regions of antigen epitopes were primarily located around the catalytic active site. The antibodies used for structural analysis were primarily derived from human and murine sources. Among murine antibodies, the most frequently used V-J gene combination was IGHV1-12*01/IGHJ2*01, while for human antibodies, the most common combination was IGHV1-69*01/IGHJ6*01. There were significant differences in the lengths and usage preferences of heavy chain CDR amino acids between antibodies that bind within the catalytic active site and those that bind to regions outside the catalytic active site. The results revealed that structurally similar antibodies could recognize the same epitopes, indicating a specific spatial recognition between antibody and antigen epitopes. Structural overlap in the binding regions was observed for antibodies with similar paratope structures, and the competitive binding of these antibodies to the epitope was confirmed through BLI experiments. ConclusionThe antigen epitopes of NA protein mainly ditributed around the catalytic active site and its surrounding loops. Spatial complementarity and electrostatic interactions play crucial roles in the recognition and binding of antibodies to antigenic epitopes in the catalytic region. There existed a spatial recognition relationship between antigens and antibodies that was independent of the uniqueness of antibody sequences, which means that antibodies with different sequences could potentially form similar local spatial structures and recognize the same epitopes.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)in reducing the consumption of analgesics after total knee arthroplasty(TKA).Methods Totally 124 patients undergoing unilateral TKA were included and divided into an intervention group and a control group according to random number table method,with 62 cases in each group.Both groups received routine postoperative analgesic protocols,with the intervention group additionally receiving TEAS treatment,30 min per time,twice a day.The additional doses of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia pumps and opioid analgesic consumption in two groups of patients after surgery were analyzed,as well as the adverse events and laboratory test results(WBC,PLT,SCr,BUN,ALT and AST)in both groups.Results The number of additional doses in the intervention group with the patient-controlled analgesia pump and the consumption of opioid analgesic were both lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);the incidence of postoperative nausea symptoms in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group,while other adverse reactions showed no significant difference(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in laboratory test results(WBC,PLT,SCr,BUN,ALT and AST)between the two groups on the day before surgery and on the 1st and 7th days after surgery(P>0.05).Conclusion TEAS can reduce the consumption of analgesics after TKA,decrease some adverse reactions associated with the use of analgesics,and has good safety.

Pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy has been associated with negative maternal and fetal outcomes over the past decades. With the emergence of novel treatment modalities, morbidity and mortality of women who have pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy have improved. In this review, we aim to explore the contemporary updates in the management of pre-capillary and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy.
Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology* ; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/diagnosis* ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use*

Panax species are mostly valuable medicinal plants. While some species' seeds are sensitive to dehydration, the dehydration tolerance of seeds from other Panax species remains unclear. The phospholipase D(PLD) gene plays an important role in plant responses to dehydration stress. However, the characteristics of the PLD gene family and their mechanisms of response to dehydration stress in seeds of Panax species with different dehydration tolerances are not well understood. This study used seeds from eight Panax species to measure the germination rates and PLD activity after dehydration and to analyze the correlation between dehydration tolerance and seed traits. Bioinformatics analysis was also conducted to characterize the PnPLD and PvPLD gene families and to evaluate their expression patterns under dehydration stress. The dehydration tolerance of Panax seeds was ranked from high to low as follows: P. ginseng, P. zingiberensis, P. quinquefolius, P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus, P. japonicus var. angustifolius, P. japonicus, P. notoginseng, and P. stipuleanatus. A significant negative correlation was found between dehydration tolerance and seed shape(three-dimensional variance), with flatter seeds exhibiting stronger dehydration tolerance(r=-0.792). Eighteen and nineteen PLD members were identified in P. notoginseng and P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus, respectively. These members were classified into five isoforms: α, β, γ, δ, and ζ. The gene structures, subcellular localization, physicochemical properties, and other characteristics of PnPLD and PvPLD were similar. Both promoters contained regulatory elements associated with plant growth and development, hormone responses, and both abiotic and biotic stress. During dehydration, the PLD enzyme activity in P. notoginseng seeds gradually increased as the water content decreased, whereas in P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus, PLD activity first decreased and then increased. The expression of PLDα and PLDδ in P. notoginseng seeds initially increased and then decreased, whereas in P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus, the expression of PLDα and PLDδ consistently decreased. In conclusion, the dehydration tolerance of Panax seeds showed a significant negative correlation with seed shape. The dehydration tolerance in P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus and dehydration sensitivity of P. notoginseng seeds may be related to differences in PLD enzyme activity and the expression of PLDα and PLDδ genes. This study provided the first systematic comparison of dehydration tolerance in Panax seeds and analyzed the causes of tolerance differences and the optimal water content for long-term storage at ultra-low temperatures, thus providing a theoretical basis for the short-term and ultra-low temperature long-term storage of medicinal plant seeds with varying dehydration tolerances.
Seeds/metabolism* ; Panax/physiology* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phospholipase D/metabolism* ; Plants, Medicinal/enzymology* ; Germination ; Multigene Family ; Water/metabolism* ; Dehydration ; Phylogeny

Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators. The expert consensus reached aims to encourage medical institutions at all levels to continuously improve the high-quality research and development and transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and targeted at clinical needs, so as to provide a decision-making basis for the preparation, selection, cultivation, and transformation of new TCM for medical institutions, improve the development efficiency of new TCM, and precisely respond to the public medication needs.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis(GIOP) is a serious metabolic bone disease caused by long-term application of glucocorticoids(GCs). Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has unique advantages in improving bone microstructure and antagonizing hormone toxicity. This paper systematically reviews the theoretical research, clinical application, and basic research progress of TCM intervention in GIOP. In terms of theoretical research, the theory of "kidney governing bone and generating marrow" indicates that the kidney is closely related to bone development, revealing that core pathogenesis of GIOP is Yin-Yang disharmony, which can be discussed using the theories of "Yin fire", "ministerial fire", and "Yang pathogen damaging Yin". Thus, regulating Yin and Yang is the basic principle to treat GIOP. In terms of clinical application, effective empirical prescriptions(such as Bushen Zhuanggu Decoction, Bushen Jiangu Decoction, and Zibu Ganshen Formula) and Chinese patent medicines(Gushukang Capsules, Hugu Capsules, Xianling Gubao Capsules, etc.) can effectively increase bone mineral density(BMD) and improve calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine can reduce the risk of fracture and play an anti-GIOP role. In terms of basic research, it has been clarified that active ingredients of TCM(such as fraxetin, ginsenoside Rg_1, and salidroside) reduce bone loss and promote bone formation by inhibiting oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and other pathways, effectively improving bone homeostasis. Additionally, classical prescriptions(Modified Yiguan Decoction, Modified Qing'e Pills, Zuogui Pills, etc.) and Chinese patent medicines(Gushukang Granules, Lurong Jiangu Dropping Pills, Gubao Capsules, etc.) can improve bone marrow microcirculation, promote osteoblast differentiation, and inhibit bone cell apoptosis through multiple pathways, multiple targets, and multiple mechanisms. Through the above three aspects, the TCM research status on GIOP is elucidated in the expectation of providing reference for its diagnosis and treatment using traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment programs.
Osteoporosis/physiopathology* ; Humans ; Glucocorticoids/adverse effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Animals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Bone Density/drug effects*