Objective:This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic factors and the risk of developing treatment-resistant depression (TRD), as well as the efficacy of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT), with a specific focus on identifying gene polymorphisms that can differentiate TRD from non-TRD.Methods:This case-control study included inpatients with depression in Adult Psychiatry Department, Affective Disorders Department and Geriatrics Department of Guangzhou Medical University Affiliated Brain Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024, as well as healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations in the outpatient department. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was utilized to genotype 16 loci across 10 candidate genes in 107 non-TRD patients, 101 TRD patients and 281 healthy controls. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium testing, genotype frequency distribution analysis, and genetic association studies were conducted using PLINK software. Univariate binary logistic regression under a dominant model was performed using R software to analyze gene loci associated with non-TRD and TRD.Results:All 16 gene loci in the control group, the TRD group, and the non-TRD group were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( P>0.05). No significant differences were observed in the genotype distribution of these gene loci across the groups ( P>0.05). Univariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals with depression carrying the HTR2A-rs7997012 G allele had a significantly lower risk of developing TRD ( OR=0.26, P=0.047). Among the patients receiving MECT, the proportion of G allele carriers who showed improvement at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of treatment was significantly higher compared to those who did not show improvement (96.61% vs. 80.95%, 96.55% vs. 50.00%, 96.59% vs. 46.15%, respectively), with χ2 values of 6.743, 29.295, and 32.300, respectively, and all P values <0.05. Conclusion:The HTR2A-rs7997012 polymorphism may represent a genetic distinction between TRD and non-TRD. Depressed patients with the rs7997012 G allele have a reduced likelihood of developing TRD, moreover, MECT demonstrates superior efficacy in this patient population.

Objective:To establish a genomic nucleic acid mass spectrometry detection platform for allelic risk associated with Alzheimer's disease.Methods:Whole blood samples of 61 patients diagnosed as Alzheimer's disease in the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from December 28th, 2023 to 31st, March 2024 were collected and deoxynucleic acid (DNA) was extracted, including 22 males and 39 females, aged (67.36 ± 8.18) years old. After screening out 17 risk gene loci in Chinese population, multiplex polymerase chain reaction primers, single-base extension primers and Sanger sequencing primers were designed. Ten samples were used for primer optimization and debugging through Sanger sequencing and time-of-flight mass spectrometry to establish a detection system. The remaining samples were genotyped using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and verified by Sanger sequencing for accuracy evaluation. Five samples were selected for gradient dilution and then subjected to time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection to evaluate the detection limit. Three clinical samples, one case of Escherichia coli and one case of Staphylococcus aureus genomic DNA samples were selected for cross-reaction research. The anti-interference ability of the detection system was evaluated against hemolysis, chylous substances and conventional anticoagulants in the samples. Two samples, one wild and one homozygous mutation sample with representative peak shapes, were selected to evaluate the anti-interference ability. Four samples containing the common genotypes of all gene loci in the system were selected and repeated 10 times to evaluate the precision.Results:The minimum intensity of single-base extension primers on mass spectrometry is greater than half of the maximum intensity. All 17 risk gene loci screened were successfully typed. The time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection results of 1,037 loci from 61 samples showed that the genotyping detection rate was 100%. The genotypes of the 20 DNA samples were completely consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing, with an accuracy rate of 100%. The mass spectrometry detection results of five samples after gradient dilution indicated that the low detection limit was 5 ng of DNA. The reaction system has a strong anti-interference ability against hemolysis of samples, chylous substances, conventional anticoagulants and DNA cross-contamination. Homologous allele interference and no cross-reaction between the bacterial genome and 17 gene loci do not affect the risk genome detection results. The results of 10 repeated mass spectrometry tests on 4 samples showed that the precision was 100%.Conclusion:The genomic detection system of Alzheimer's disease risk has been successfully established to provide an auxiliary mean for disease diagnosis and risk assessment.

Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting points on cognitive function in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model rats and explore its mechanism.Method:Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group,Model group,Electroacupuncture group,and Non-acupoint group(n=15 per group).Except for the Sham group,all other groups were prepared with a middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion(MCAO/R)model.The Electroacupuncture group received 7 days of intervention with acupoints Baihui and Shenting,while the Non-acupoint group received 7 days of in-tervention with a 5mm outward of acupoints Baihui and Shenting.The Model group and Sham group only re-ceived the same conditions of grasping and fixation.Model testing was conducted using neurobehavioral scor-ing and TTC staining.Cognitive function was evaluated using neurobehavioral scoring,hippocampal cell mor-phology was observed using HE staining;CD31,GFAP,and IBa1 expression were observed using immunohis-tochemistry,and VEGF,BDNF,and IL-10 expression were observed using ELISA in the hippocampus.Result:Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting acupoints can shorten the escape latency of Morris water maze in MCAO model rat,increase the number of crossing platforms,improve hippocampal cell edema,ne-crosis,and inflammatory cell infiltration,increase VEGF,IL-10,BDNF protein expression,increase CD31 positive expression,and reduce the number of GFAP and IBal positive cells.Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting points can improve cognitive function in rats with cere-bral ischemia-reperfusion injury,and the mechanism of action may be related to regulating the components of the neurovascular unit(NVU)and maintaining NVU homeostasis.

Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting points on cognitive function in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model rats and explore its mechanism.Method:Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group,Model group,Electroacupuncture group,and Non-acupoint group(n=15 per group).Except for the Sham group,all other groups were prepared with a middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion(MCAO/R)model.The Electroacupuncture group received 7 days of intervention with acupoints Baihui and Shenting,while the Non-acupoint group received 7 days of in-tervention with a 5mm outward of acupoints Baihui and Shenting.The Model group and Sham group only re-ceived the same conditions of grasping and fixation.Model testing was conducted using neurobehavioral scor-ing and TTC staining.Cognitive function was evaluated using neurobehavioral scoring,hippocampal cell mor-phology was observed using HE staining;CD31,GFAP,and IBa1 expression were observed using immunohis-tochemistry,and VEGF,BDNF,and IL-10 expression were observed using ELISA in the hippocampus.Result:Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting acupoints can shorten the escape latency of Morris water maze in MCAO model rat,increase the number of crossing platforms,improve hippocampal cell edema,ne-crosis,and inflammatory cell infiltration,increase VEGF,IL-10,BDNF protein expression,increase CD31 positive expression,and reduce the number of GFAP and IBal positive cells.Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting points can improve cognitive function in rats with cere-bral ischemia-reperfusion injury,and the mechanism of action may be related to regulating the components of the neurovascular unit(NVU)and maintaining NVU homeostasis.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic factors and the risk of developing treatment-resistant depression (TRD), as well as the efficacy of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT), with a specific focus on identifying gene polymorphisms that can differentiate TRD from non-TRD.Methods:This case-control study included inpatients with depression in Adult Psychiatry Department, Affective Disorders Department and Geriatrics Department of Guangzhou Medical University Affiliated Brain Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024, as well as healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations in the outpatient department. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was utilized to genotype 16 loci across 10 candidate genes in 107 non-TRD patients, 101 TRD patients and 281 healthy controls. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium testing, genotype frequency distribution analysis, and genetic association studies were conducted using PLINK software. Univariate binary logistic regression under a dominant model was performed using R software to analyze gene loci associated with non-TRD and TRD.Results:All 16 gene loci in the control group, the TRD group, and the non-TRD group were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( P>0.05). No significant differences were observed in the genotype distribution of these gene loci across the groups ( P>0.05). Univariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals with depression carrying the HTR2A-rs7997012 G allele had a significantly lower risk of developing TRD ( OR=0.26, P=0.047). Among the patients receiving MECT, the proportion of G allele carriers who showed improvement at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of treatment was significantly higher compared to those who did not show improvement (96.61% vs. 80.95%, 96.55% vs. 50.00%, 96.59% vs. 46.15%, respectively), with χ2 values of 6.743, 29.295, and 32.300, respectively, and all P values <0.05. Conclusion:The HTR2A-rs7997012 polymorphism may represent a genetic distinction between TRD and non-TRD. Depressed patients with the rs7997012 G allele have a reduced likelihood of developing TRD, moreover, MECT demonstrates superior efficacy in this patient population.

Objective:To establish a genomic nucleic acid mass spectrometry detection platform for allelic risk associated with Alzheimer's disease.Methods:Whole blood samples of 61 patients diagnosed as Alzheimer's disease in the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from December 28th, 2023 to 31st, March 2024 were collected and deoxynucleic acid (DNA) was extracted, including 22 males and 39 females, aged (67.36 ± 8.18) years old. After screening out 17 risk gene loci in Chinese population, multiplex polymerase chain reaction primers, single-base extension primers and Sanger sequencing primers were designed. Ten samples were used for primer optimization and debugging through Sanger sequencing and time-of-flight mass spectrometry to establish a detection system. The remaining samples were genotyped using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and verified by Sanger sequencing for accuracy evaluation. Five samples were selected for gradient dilution and then subjected to time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection to evaluate the detection limit. Three clinical samples, one case of Escherichia coli and one case of Staphylococcus aureus genomic DNA samples were selected for cross-reaction research. The anti-interference ability of the detection system was evaluated against hemolysis, chylous substances and conventional anticoagulants in the samples. Two samples, one wild and one homozygous mutation sample with representative peak shapes, were selected to evaluate the anti-interference ability. Four samples containing the common genotypes of all gene loci in the system were selected and repeated 10 times to evaluate the precision.Results:The minimum intensity of single-base extension primers on mass spectrometry is greater than half of the maximum intensity. All 17 risk gene loci screened were successfully typed. The time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection results of 1,037 loci from 61 samples showed that the genotyping detection rate was 100%. The genotypes of the 20 DNA samples were completely consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing, with an accuracy rate of 100%. The mass spectrometry detection results of five samples after gradient dilution indicated that the low detection limit was 5 ng of DNA. The reaction system has a strong anti-interference ability against hemolysis of samples, chylous substances, conventional anticoagulants and DNA cross-contamination. Homologous allele interference and no cross-reaction between the bacterial genome and 17 gene loci do not affect the risk genome detection results. The results of 10 repeated mass spectrometry tests on 4 samples showed that the precision was 100%.Conclusion:The genomic detection system of Alzheimer's disease risk has been successfully established to provide an auxiliary mean for disease diagnosis and risk assessment.

Elemental imaging analysis based on laser induced-breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)can provide significant reference value for oil and gas exploration activities.Improving the scanning speed and spatial resolution of LIBS elemental imaging analysis instruments contributes to enhancing the efficiency of mineral surface elemental analysis,which is crucial for achieving in-situ,real-time,and rapid LIBS analysis.In this study,a high-speed scanning LIBS elemental imaging analysis instrument was developed based on a scanning mirror device,achieving a scanning speed of 100 Hz and a spatial resolution of 50 μm.The stability of spectral data collected by this instrument was validated using aluminum alloy standard samples with uniform elemental distribution.The experimental results showed that the relative standard deviations(RSD)of the spectral data collected at different locations were 2.76％,2.79％,2.35％and 2.55％,respectively,demonstrating that the instrument's performance met analysis requirements.Analysis of spectral acquisition channels led to the selection of the 337-595 nm spectral range.Imaging analysis of major elements on the surface of meteorite mineral samples with complex matrices was conducted using this instrument,coupled with a multi-element imaging algorithm enabling visualization analysis of four major elements on the same image.The results revealed a higher level of detail and complexity in element distribution.The study demonstrated that this instrument,combined with multi-element imaging analysis algorithms,could provide crucial technical support for rapid imaging of element distribution in minerals at a microscopic scale during geological research.

Objective To assess the risk of nosocomial infection in patients with multiple myeloma during their first hospitalization. Methods Totally 480 patients with multiple myeloma who were hospitalized for the first time in department of hematology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University from August 2021 to August 2022 were included, and the nosocomial infection during treatment was statistically analyzed. The patients were divided into infected group and uninfected group. The independent influencing factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed and a prediction model was established. The reliability of the prediction model was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results The incidence rate of nosocomial infection was 31.2% among 480 patients hospitalized for the first time. There were statistically significant differences in age, ISS staging, controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, agranulocytosis, hemoglobin, and albumin between the infected group and the uninfected group (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that age, ISS staging, CONUT score, agranulocytosis, hemoglobin level, and albumin level were all independent correlated factors of nosocomial infection in patients with multiple myeloma hospitalized for the first time (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of multivariate logistic regression prediction model were 0.88 (95%CI: 0.840-0.920), 85.00% and 76.36%, respectively. Conclusion The incidence rate of nosocomial infection is high among patients with multiple myeloma in the first hospitalization. The prediction model established according to independent correlated factors of nosocomial infection has high predictive value on the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

It has been well documented that exercise can improve bone metabolism, promote bone growth and development, and alleviate bone loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely involved in the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and other bone tissue cells, and regulation of balance between bone formation and bone resorption by targeting osteogenic factors or bone resorption factors. Thus miRNAs play an important role in the regulation of bone metabolism. Recently, regulation of miRNAs are shown to be one of the ways by which exercise or mechanical stress promotes the positive balance of bone metabolism. Exercise induces changes of miRNAs expression in bone tissue and regulates the expression of related osteogenic factors or bone resorption factors, to further strengthen the osteogenic effect of exercise. This review summarizes relevant studies on the mechanism whereby exercise regulates bone metabolism via miRNAs, providing a theoretical basis for osteoporosis prevention and treatment with exercise.
Humans ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Osteogenesis/genetics* ; Cell Differentiation ; Osteoblasts ; Bone Resorption/metabolism*

Objective: To forecast mortality, age-standardized mortality, and probability of premature mortality from diabetes, and to simulate the impact of controlling risk factors by 2030 in China. Methods: We simulated the burden of disease from diabetes in six scenarios according to the development goals of risk factors control by the WHO and Chinese government. Based on the theory of comparative risk assessment and the estimates of the burden of disease for China from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, we used the proportional change model to project the number of deaths, age-standardized mortality, and probability of premature mortality from diabetes under different scenarios of risk factors control in 2030. Results: If the trends in exposures to risk factors from 1990 to 2015 continued. Mortality, age-standardized mortality, and probability of premature mortality from diabetes would increase to 32.57/100 000, 17.32/100 000, and 0.84% by 2030, respectively. During that time, mortality, age-standardized mortality and probability of premature mortality for males would all be higher than for females. If the goals of controlling risk factors were all achieved, the number of deaths from diabetes in 2030 would decrease by 62.10% compared to the predicted numbers based on the historical trends in exposure to risk factors, and the probability of premature mortality would drop to 0.29%. If only the exposure to a single risk factor were achieved by 2030, high fasting plasma glucose control would have the greatest impact on diabetes, resulting in a 56.00% reduction in deaths compared to the predicted numbers based on the historical trends, followed by high BMI (4.92%), smoking (0.65%), and low physical activity (0.53%). Conclusions: Risk factors control plays an important role in reducing the number of deaths, age-standardized mortality rate, and probability of premature mortality from diabetes. We suggest taking comprehensive measures to control relevant risk factors for certain populations and regions, to achieve the goal of reducing the burden of disease from diabetes as expected.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Mortality, Premature ; Smoking ; Cost of Illness ; China/epidemiology* ; Global Burden of Disease