Objective:To investigate the role and mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (hUCMSC-ex) in wounds with escharectomy and skin grafting in scalded rats.Methods:The study was an experimental study. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 6-8 weeks were divided into combined treatment group, fixed+allogeneic skin group, autologous skin+allogeneic skin group, and allogeneic skin group by random number table method (the same grouping method hereinafter), with 3 rats in each group. The four groups of rats were inflicted with scalded wounds on the back and performed with escharectomy, and then the wounds of rats in combined treatment group were fixed with a metal ring (the same fixing method hereinafter) and transplanted with autologous skin grafts and allogeneic skin grafts, and the other three groups of rats were fixed and/or transplanted with skin grafts corresponding to the group name. At 14, 21, and 28 d after surgery, the wound healing area in the four groups of rats was measured. Another 15 male SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were divided into normal group with no treatment, high exosome group, low exosome group, supernatant group, and phosphate buffer solution (PBS) group, with 3 rats in each group. The last 4 groups of rats were treated as that in the above-mentioned combined treatment group, and then were injected around the wounds with 200 μL of PBS containing 100 μg of hUCMSC-ex, 200 μL of PBS containing 50 μg of hUCMSC-ex, 200 μL of supernatant with no hUCMSC-ex, and 200 μL of PBS at 0 (immediately), 7, 14, and 21 d after surgery, respectively. At 14, 21, and 28 d after surgery, the wound healing area in the four groups of rats was measured. The wound neo-epithelial tissue of rats in high exosome group and PBS group at 28 d after surgery and the normal skin tissue of rats in normal group at the same time point were taken, and the differentially expressed proteins were screened by label-free quantitative proteomics method; the two up-regulated and differentially expressed proteins, the immunoglobulin G1 heavy chain constant region (IGHG1) and cystatin A (CSTA) with the largest and second largest fold changes in comparison between high exosome group and PBS group were selected, and their protein expressions were detected by Western blotting. The number of samples in all experiments was 3.Results:At 14, 21, and 28 d after surgery, the wound healing area in combined treatment group, autologous skin+allogeneic skin group, and allogeneic skin group of rats was significantly larger than that in fixed+allogeneic skin group ( P<0.05), the wound healing area in autologous skin+allogeneic skin group of rats at 21 d after surgery and that in allogeneic skin group of rats at 14 and 21 d after surgery was significantly larger than that in combined treatment group ( P<0.05), and the wound healing area in allogeneic skin group of rats at 14 d after surgery was significantly larger than that in autologous skin+allogeneic skin group ( P<0.05). The wound healing area of rats in high exosome group and low exosome group at 14, 21, and 28 d after surgery and in supernatant group at 14 and 28 d after surgery was significantly larger than that in PBS group ( P<0.05); the wound healing area in high exosome group of rats at 14 and 21 d after surgery was significantly larger than that in supernatant group ( P<0.05), and the wound healing area at 14 d after surgery was significantly larger than that in low exosome group ( P<0.05); the wound healing area in low exosome group of rats at 14 d after surgery was significantly larger than that in supernatant group ( P<0.05). Compared with that in PBS group, 332 proteins were differentially expressed in the neo-epithelial tissue of the wounds in high exosome group of rats at 28 d after surgery ( P<0.05), among which the protein expressions of IGHG1 and CSTA were significantly up-regulated (with fold change of 12.60 and 2.27, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with those of normal skin tissue in normal group, 1 400 and 1 057 proteins were differentially expressed in the neo-epithelial tissue of the wounds in high exosome group and PBS group of rats at 28 d after surgery, respectively. The protein expressions of IGHG1 and CSTA in the wound neo-epithelial tissue in high exosome group of rats at 28 d after surgery were significantly larger than those in normal skin tissue of rats in normal group ( P<0.05) and those in PBS group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:hUCMSC-ex may accelerate the repair process of wounds with escharectomy and skin grafting and improve the quality of wound healing in scalded rats by regulating the protein expressions of IGHG1 and CSTA.

Humans ; Child ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prognosis ; Hodgkin Disease

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become a prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide because of lifestyle and dietary changes. Gut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. Understanding of the function of gut microbiota and its metabolites in MAFLD may help to elucidate pathological mechanisms, identify diagnostic markers, and develop drugs or probiotics for the treatment of MAFLD. Here we review the pathogenesis of MAFLD by gut microbiota and its metabolites and discuss the feasibility of treating MAFLD from the perspective of gut microbes.
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Fatty Liver/microbiology* ; Humans

With prominent medicinal value, Gelsemium elegans has been overexploited, resulting in the reduction of the wild resource. As a result, artificial cultivation turns out to be a solution. However, this medicinal species is intolerant to low temperature, and thus genes responding to the low temperature are important for the cultivation of this species. Based on the transcriptome database of G. elegans at 4 ℃, 29 differentially expressed GeERF genes were identified. Bioinformatics analysis of 21 GeERF gene sequences with intact open reading frames showed that 12 and 9 of the GeERF proteins respectively clustered in DREB subgroup and ERF subgroup. GeDREB1 A-1-GeERF6 B-1, with molecular weight of 23.78-50.96 kDa and length of 212-459 aa, were all predicted to be hydrophilic and in nucleus. Furthermore, the full-length cDNA sequence of GeERF2B-1 was cloned from the leaves of G. elegans. Subcellular localization suggested that GeERF2B-1 was located in the nucleus. According to the quantitative reverse-transcription PCR(qRT-PCR), GeERF2B-1 showed constitutive expression in roots, stems, and leaves of G. elegans, and the expression was the highest in roots. In terms of the response to 4 ℃ treatment, the expression of GeERF2B-1 was significantly higher than that in the control and peaked at 12 h, suggesting a positive response to low temperature. This study lays a scientific basis for the functional study of GeERF transcription factors and provides gene resources for the improvement of stress resistance of G. elegans.
DNA, Complementary ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Temperature ; Transcription Factors/metabolism*

PURPOSE: The International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula's definition of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) has recently been updated. This study aimed to identify risk factors for POPF in patients having pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and to generate a nomogram to predict POPF. METHODS: Data on 298 patients who underwent PD from March 2012 to October 2017 was retrospectively reviewed and POPF statuses were redefined. A nomogram was constructed using data from 220 patients and validated using the remaining 78 patients. Independent risk factors for POPF were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses. A predictive nomogram was established based on the independent risk factors and was compared with existing models. RESULTS: Texture of the pancreas, size of the main pancreatic duct, portal vein invasion, and definitive pathology were the identified risk factors. The nomogram had a C-index of 0.793 and was internally validated. The nomogram performed better (C-index of 0.816) than the other most cited models (C-indexes of 0.728 and 0.735) in the validation cohort. In addition, the nomogram can assign patients into low- (less than 10%), intermediate- (10% to 30%), and high-risk (equal or higher than 30%) groups to facilitate personalized management. CONCLUSION The nomogram accurately predicted POPF in patients having PD.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the situation and problems of clinical microecological preparations in pediatrics department of China， and to provide reference for rational application of microecological preparations in children. METHODS： Outpatient/emergency prescriptions of microecological preparations during Jan.-Mar. 2019 were retrieved from information system of 5 “Third Grade Class A” children hospitals， and were investigated and analyzed in respects of the type of microecological agents， age distribution， clinical diagnosis， drug combination， off-label medication， etc. RESULTS： A total of 74 210 outpatient/emergency prescriptions were collected， involving 18 kinds of microecological preparations. Among them， Clostridium butyricum combined viable powder ranked first （31 146， accounting for 41.97％）， followed by Brucella yeast powder （14 289， accounting for 19.25％） and Compound Lactobacillus acidophilus tablets （10 281， 13.85％）. The age of children was less than 18 years old， and the proportion of children aged 1-＜3 years old was the highest （33 753， 45.48％）. The most common clinical diagnosis     was digestive tract diseases （54 009， 72.78％）， followed    by respiratory infectious diseases （11 744， 15.83％）. In combination with microecological agents， there were Chinese patent medicine for invigorating the spleen and stomach     （18 546， 24.99％）， antibacterial medicine （10 595， 14.28％） and oral rehydration salt Ⅲ （8 238， 11.10％）. Off-label drug use was found in 19 532 prescriptions （26.32％）， mainly manifesting as super-indications （15 590， 21.01％）， super-usage and dosage （8 098， 14.52％）， super crowd medication （48， 3.91％） was found in a few prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS： There is a high incidence of off-label use of microecological agents in children. Medical staff should standardize prescription behavior and promote rational use of drugs. At the same time， the improvement of the information of children’s medication in drug instructions to ensure the safety and effectiveness of children’s medication should be encouraged.

Objective To use the matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) technique for detecting the mutation gene of neonatal non-syndromic hereditary hearing impairment gene in Guangxi and to investigate its effectiveness and feasibility in clinical application.Methods A total of 7 100 newborns were performed the hearing preliminary screening and secondary screening by adopting AABR.The genomic DNA was extracted by the heel blood spot.Twenty mutation characteristics of 4 deaf predisposing genes were detected by MALDI-TOF-MS.Results The pass rate of hearing screening in 7 100 newborns was 97.11％ (6 895/7 100),the positive rate of neonatal gene mutation was 3.54％ (251/7 100),in which the GJB2 gene mutation was in 131 cases,the carrying rate was 1.84％,235delC heterozygous mutation was in 108 cases.SLC26A4 gene mutation was in 93 cases,which dominated by 1229C＞T heterozygous mutation and IVS7-2A＞G heterozygous mutation,mtDNA12SRNA gene mutation was in 16 cases and GJB3 gene mutation was in 11 cases.Conclusion Adopting the MALDI-TOF-MS screening technique can increase the detection rate of hot point mutation in common deaf related genes and discover neonatal genetic NSHI from molecular level and provides the corresponding geneticconsulting guidance for early finding and predicting deaf occurrence,and formulating the interventional measures.

OBJECTIVESTo explore the forensic application value of MPure-12 automatic nucleic acid purification （MPure-12 Method） for DNA extraction by extracting and typing DNA from bloodstains and various kinds of biological samples with different DNA contents.

METHODSNine types of biological samples, such as bloodstains, semen stains, and saliva were collected. DNA were extracted using MPure-12 method and Chelex-100 method, followed by PCR amplification and electrophoresis for obtaining STR-profiles.

RESULTSThe samples such as hair root, chutty, butt, muscular tissue, saliva stain, bloodstain and semen stain were typed successfully by MPure-12 method. Partial alleles were lacked in the samples of saliva, and the genotyping of contact swabs was unsatisfactory. Additional, all of the bloodstains （20 μL, 15 μL, 10 μL, 5 μL, 1 μL） showed good typing results using Chelex-100 method. But the loss of alleles occurred in 1 μL blood volume by MPure-12 method.

CONCLUSIONSMPure-12 method is suitable for DNA extraction of a certain concentration blood samples．Chelex-100 method may be better for the extraction of trace blood samples．This instrument used in nucleic acid extraction has the advantages of simplicity of operator, rapidity, high extraction efficiency, high rate of reportable STR-profiles and lower man-made pollution.

Alleles ; Blood Stains ; Chelating Agents ; DNA/isolation & purification* ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Polystyrenes ; Polyvinyls ; Resins, Synthetic ; Saliva ; Semen/chemistry*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic data of 21 autosomal STR included in Goldeneye™ DNA ID 22NC Kit in Chinese Han nationality and to evaluate the forensic application. METHODS: By detected 500 unrelated healthy individuals in Chinese Han nationality of East China with Goldeneye™ DNA ID 22NC Kit, allele frequencies, population genetics parameters and linkage disequilibrium information of the 21 autosomal STR were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: In the 21 autosomal STR, no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were detected and all loci were independent form each other. DP values of 21 autosomal STR were all above 0.85, and the combined discrimination power was 1-3.616 5 x 10(-26). Combined mean exclusion chance of this system in duo cases was 1-2.786 81 x10(-6), in trio cases was 1-8.545 82 x 10(-1). CONCLUSION Twenty-one autosomal STR included in Goldeneye™ DNA ID 22NC Kit are highly polymorphic in the Han nationality. Combined with Goldeneye™ DNA ID 20A Kit, the kit can satisfy the needs for full-sibling testing and facilitate the solution of this kind of case tools.
Alleles ; Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Loci/genetics* ; Genetic Markers/genetics* ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic