AIM: To observe the influence of different intraocular lens implantation methods on visual quality in patients with cataract.METHODS: Retrospective study. Totally 85 patients(113 eyes)with cataract who received phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in the hospital June 2020 to December 2023 were selected. According to the different implanted lenses, they were divided into monofocal group(42 cases, 55 eyes)and bifocal group(43 cases, 58 eyes). The uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), best corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA), best corrected intermediate visual acuity(BCIVA), best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), contrast sensitivity(CS), objective visual quality, National Eye Institute 25-item Visual Function Questionnaire(NEI-VFQ-25)scores and complications were compared between both groups of patients at 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS:At 3 mo after surgery, the UNVA(LogMAR)of the bifocal group was significantly better than that of the monofocal group(0.24±0.06 vs 0.53±0.13, P<0.001), but there were no statistical differences in UIVA, UDVA, BCNVA, BCIVA and BCDVA between the two groups(all P>0.05). The 18 c/d spatial frequency scotopic CS in the bifocal group at 3 mo after surgery was significantly lower than that in the monofocal group(0.84±0.17 vs 0.92±0.22, P<0.05), while the CS in other frequency was not statistically significant(all P>0.05); the objective scatter index(OSI)was higher in the bifocal group than that in the monofocal group(P<0.05), while OV 20% and OV 9% were lower than those in monofocal group(all P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in modulation transfer function cut off(MTFcut off), Strehl ratio(SR)and OV 100% between the two groups(all P>0.05). The scores of overall visual acuity and near visual activity in the bifocal group at 3 mo after surgery were higher than those in the monofocal group(all P<0.001), but there were no statistical differences in the scores of dimensions of overall health, distance visual activity, peripheral visual acuity, color vision, dependence degree, social function, social role and mental health between the two groups(all P>0.05). Furthermore, there were no statistical significance in the incidence of complications in the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined with bifocal intraocular lens implantation can provide more ideal near visual acuity and visual-related quality of life for patients with cataract, but its objective visual quality is worse, The two types of intraocular lenses have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is still necessary to choose the appropriate intraocular lens according to the actual needs of patients.

AIM: To observe the influence of different intraocular lens implantation methods on visual quality in patients with cataract.METHODS: Retrospective study. Totally 85 patients(113 eyes)with cataract who received phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in the hospital June 2020 to December 2023 were selected. According to the different implanted lenses, they were divided into monofocal group(42 cases, 55 eyes)and bifocal group(43 cases, 58 eyes). The uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), best corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA), best corrected intermediate visual acuity(BCIVA), best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), contrast sensitivity(CS), objective visual quality, National Eye Institute 25-item Visual Function Questionnaire(NEI-VFQ-25)scores and complications were compared between both groups of patients at 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS:At 3 mo after surgery, the UNVA(LogMAR)of the bifocal group was significantly better than that of the monofocal group(0.24±0.06 vs 0.53±0.13, P<0.001), but there were no statistical differences in UIVA, UDVA, BCNVA, BCIVA and BCDVA between the two groups(all P>0.05). The 18 c/d spatial frequency scotopic CS in the bifocal group at 3 mo after surgery was significantly lower than that in the monofocal group(0.84±0.17 vs 0.92±0.22, P<0.05), while the CS in other frequency was not statistically significant(all P>0.05); the objective scatter index(OSI)was higher in the bifocal group than that in the monofocal group(P<0.05), while OV 20% and OV 9% were lower than those in monofocal group(all P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in modulation transfer function cut off(MTFcut off), Strehl ratio(SR)and OV 100% between the two groups(all P>0.05). The scores of overall visual acuity and near visual activity in the bifocal group at 3 mo after surgery were higher than those in the monofocal group(all P<0.001), but there were no statistical differences in the scores of dimensions of overall health, distance visual activity, peripheral visual acuity, color vision, dependence degree, social function, social role and mental health between the two groups(all P>0.05). Furthermore, there were no statistical significance in the incidence of complications in the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined with bifocal intraocular lens implantation can provide more ideal near visual acuity and visual-related quality of life for patients with cataract, but its objective visual quality is worse, The two types of intraocular lenses have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is still necessary to choose the appropriate intraocular lens according to the actual needs of patients.

BACKGROUND:Human periodontal stem cells have a certain inhibitory effect on the pro-inflammatory function of M1-type macrophages,and it is not clear whether icariin,which has anti-inflammatory and other pharmacological activities,can enhance the inhibitory effect of human periodontal stem cells on M1-type macrophages. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of icariin on M1 macrophages after pretreatment of human periodontal stem cells. METHODS:Primary human periodontal stem cells were isolated,cultured and characterized.THP-1 was induced and M1-type macrophages were identified by immunofluorescence staining and PCR.Human periodontal stem cells were cultured with α-MEM complete medium containing concentrations of 10-7,10-6,10-5,and 10-4 mol/L icariin,and the cytotoxicity of Icariin on human periodontal stem cells was detected by the CCK-8 assay at 1,3,5,and 7 days,respectively.α-MEM complete medium,untreated α-MEM conditioned medium for human periodontal stem cells and α-MEM conditioned medium for human periodontal stem cells pretreated with icariin for 24 hours were conditioned with RPMI-1640 complete medium in a 1:1 ratio for M1-type macrophages in the control,untreated,and pretreated groups,and 24 hours later,the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in M1 macrophages was detected by RT-PCR.The protein expression of inflammatory factors in M1 macrophages was detected by ELISA.The expression of surface markers and nuclear factor-κB pathway-related proteins in M1/M2 macrophages was detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)CCK-8 assay results showed that 10-7,10-6,10-5,10-4 mol/L icariin was not cytotoxic to the human periodontal stem cells,and from day 5 onwards,all the concentrations increased the cell viability,and promoted the cell proliferation.10-4 mol/L icariin was selected for follow-up experiment.(2)RT-PCR and ELISA results showed that compared with the control group,the untreated group and the pretreated group both decreased the expression and secretion of interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α of M1-type macrophages(P<0.05),and the pretreated group was lower than the untreated group(P<0.05).(3)Western blot assay results showed that compared with the untreated group,the expression of CD86 was significantly lower in the pretreated group(P<0.05);compared with the control group,the expression of CD206,a surface marker of M2-type macrophages,was elevated in both the untreated and pretreated groups(P<0.01),and it was significantly higher in the pretreated group than in the untreated group(P<0.01).In M1-type macrophages after 24 hours of conditioned culture,compared with the control group,the expression of nuclear factor-κB/P65 was decreased in the untreated group and the pretreated group(P<0.01),and the expression of p-IκBα was decreased only in the pretreated group(P<0.01);the expression of both nuclear factor-κB/P65 and p-IκBα was significantly reduced in the pretreated group compared with the untreated group(P<0.05),while the difference of IκBα in the three groups was not statistically significant.(4)These results indicated that icariin enhanced the inhibitory effect of human periodontal stem cells on M1-type macrophages,and this effect may be related to the inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway of macrophages.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of salidroside against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） and its mechanism of action. MethodsA total of 24 male KM mice were randomly divided into normal group， HFD group， HFD+blank control group， and HFD+salidroside group， with 6 mice in each group. The mice in the normal group were given normal diet， and those in the other groups were given high-fat diet. After 14 weeks of modeling， the mice were given salidroside 100 mg/kg/day by gavage， and related samples were collected at the end of week 22. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the serum levels of related biochemical parameters including alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）； HE staining and NAFLD activity score （NAS） were used to observe the liver histopathology of mice； Western blot was used to measure the changes in the expression of NAMPT， Sirt1， AMPKα， and SREBP1 in liver tissue. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the HFD group had obvious steatosis and extensive large lipid droplets in liver tissue， with significant increases in NAS score （P<0.01） and the content of AST， ALT， TG， TC， and LDL-C in peripheral blood （all P<0.05） and a significant reduction in the content of HDL-C （P<0.05）， as well as significant reductions in the expression levels of NAMPT， AMPKα， and Sirt1 in liver tissue （all P<0.05） and a significant increase in the expression level of SERBP1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the HFD group and the HFD+blank control group， the HFD+salidroside group had reductions in the distribution of vacuolar lipid droplets and intralobular inflammation in liver tissue， alleviation of the ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes， significant reductions in NAS score （P<0.01） and the content of AST， ALT， TG， and LDL-C in peripheral blood （all P<0.05）， and a significant increase in the content of HDL-C （P<0.05）， as well as significant increases in the expression levels of NAMPT， AMPKα， and Sirt1 in liver tissue （all P<0.05） and a significant reduction in the expression level of SERBP1 （P<0.01）. ConclusionSalidroside can significantly improve the pathological state of mice with NAFLD induced by high-fat diet and exert a protective effect against NAFLD by increasing the expression of NAMPT， Sirt1， and AMPKα and reducing the expression of SERBP1.

BACKGROUND:The application of miniscrew in adolescents is increasing day by day,but at present,there are few studies on bone mass in the external oblique line of the mandible in adolescents at home and abroad,and there is no systematic study on bone mass in the external oblique line of the mandible in adolescents in different growth and development periods. OBJECTIVE:To measure the bone mass in the external oblique line of the mandible in adolescents with different cervical vertebral bone ages using a cone-beam CT and to investigate the difference of bone mass in the external oblique line of the mandible in adolescents with different cervical vertebral bone ages and the correlation between bone mass in this area and the cervical vertebral bone age. METHODS:The cone-beam CT data of 105 adolescent patients before orthodontic treatment were collected and divided into CS3 group(n=24),CS4 group(n=26),CS5 group(n=29)and CS6 group(n=26)using the cervical vertebral maturation method.The adolescent mandibular buccal shelf was reconstructed by Mimics Medical 21.0 software.The width of buccal bone at 6 and 11 mm under the cemento-enamel junction and the bone height at 4 and 5 mm buccal to the cemento-enamel junction of right mandibular first and second molars were measured.The measured data were statistically analyzed.The measurement was made on four planes:plane 1 is the plane where the proximal mesial root of the mandibular right first molar is located;plane 2 is the plane where the distal mesial root of the mandibular right first molar is located;plane 3 is the plane where the proximal mesial root of the mandibular right second molar is located;and plane 4 is the plane where the distal mesial root of the mandibular right second molar is located. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In each group,the bone width on the buccal side of the external oblique line increased gradually from the first molar proximally to the second molar distally in adolescents,and the width of buccal bone at 6 and 11 mm under the cemento-enamel junction showed significant difference among different layers(P<0.05).The bone width of buccal bone at 11 mm under the cemento-enamel junction was greater than that at 6 mm.The bone height on the buccal side of the external oblique line increased gradually from the first molar proximally to the second molar distally in all four groups,and the bone height at 4 and 5 mm buccal to the cemento-enamel junction showed significant differences at different layers(P<0.05).The bone height at 4 mm buccal to the cemento-enamel junction was greater than that at 5 mm.On the fourth plane,the bone width at 11 mm buccal to the cemento-enamel junction was smaller in the CS3,CS4,and CS5 groups than in the CS6 group(P<0.05).On the third plane,the bone heights at 4 mm and 5 mm buccal to the cemento-enamel junction were smaller in the CS3 and CS4 groups than in the CS6 group(P<0.05).On the fourth plane,the bone height at 5 mm buccal to the cemento-enamel junction was smaller in the CS3 and CS4 groups than in the CS6 group(P<0.05).On the fourth plane,the bone height at 4 mm buccal to the cemento-enamel junction was smaller in the CS3 group than in the CS6 group(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between bone mass and the cervical vertebral bone age,except that there was a weak correlation between bone mass at some measurement sites and cervical vertebral bone age.To conclude,the bone mass in the external oblique area of the mandible in adolescents does not change significantly with the increase of cervical vertebral bone age.The buccal side of the mesial root and distal root of the mandibular second molar in the external oblique area of CS3-CS6 adolescents meets the requirement of bone mass for miniscrew implantation,which is a site available for miniscrew implantation.

AIM:To explore the effect of the peripheral defocus spectacle lenses and orthokeratology(OK)on the control of myopia progression and the impact on vision related quality of life in children and adolescents.METHODS:Prospective study. A total of 237 children initially diagnosed with myopia in the ophthalmology department of Huzhou Central Hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected and divided into two groups according to different correction methods: peripheral defocus spectacle lenses group(105 cases, 105 eyes)and OK lens group(132 cases, 132 eyes). The Vision Related Quality of Life Questionnaire for Primary and Secondary School Students was used to follow up the both groups of myopic children, and the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), spherical equivalent(SE), and axial length(AL)were recorded at the first visit and 1 a of follow-up.RESULTS:After wearing lenses for 1 a, both the peripheral defocus spectacle lenses group and OK lens group showed an increase in SE and AL, but there was no statistical difference between two groups(P>0.05). The changes in SE and AL in the peripheral defocus spectacle lenses group were greater than those in the OK lens group(all P=0.001). After 1 a of follow-up, in the emotional dimension scores, the peripheral defocus spectacle lenses group of children's vision-related quality of life scales scored higher than in the OK lens group(P<0.05). Compared with the baseline value, the change in the emotional dimension scores of the OK lens group was greater than that in the peripheral defocus spectacle lens group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:OK lenses are superior to peripheral defocus spectacle lenses in controlling the progression of myopia in children and adolescents. Both correction methods can significantly improve myopic children's vision-related quality of life, with OK lenses being better at improving the emotional dimension of vision-related quality of life.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for circular superficial esophageal cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 74 consecutive cases of circular superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with ESD at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019. The success rate of ESD, curative resection rate, incidence of complications, and additional treatment were mainly observed.Results:One case was transferred to surgery, and the remaining 73 cases successfully completed ESD treatment. The success rate of ESD was 98.6%. Postoperative pathology of ESD revealed that 39 cases achieved curative resection, with a curative resection rate of 53.4% (39/73). Intraoperative muscle layer injury occurred in 15 cases (20.5%), and intraoperative perforation occurred in 1 case (1.4%). Two cases (2.7%) experienced delayed bleeding, and one case (1.4%) experienced delayed perforation. Eleven cases were lost to follow-up, and the remaining 62 cases received follow-up for 36.4±19.0 months. Among the follow-up cases, 12 underwent additional surgery and 5 cases additional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Among the 57 patients with follow-up data who did not underwent surgery, 49 developed esophageal stenosis after ESD, with an incidence rate of 86.0%.Conclusion:ESD for circular superficial esophageal cancer is generally safe, but it is prone to muscle layer injury during the operation, with a low curative resection rate, a high incidence of postoperative esophageal stenosis, and a high proportion of additional surgical procedures.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Fuzheng Hejie Prescription(composed of Scutellariae Radix,Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Agastachis Herba,Bupleuri Radix,Atractylodis Rhizoma,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,etc.)in the treatment of respiratory viral infections in children and to observe its effect on inflammatory factors and immune function.Methods A total of 203 children with respiratory viral infection of H1N1 virus were randomly divided into 101 cases in the observation group and 102 cases in the control group.Both groups were given the routine treatment for subsiding fever,maintaining water-electrolyte balance,and ensuring enough sleep.And additionally,the control group was given Ribavirin Granules and Ibuprofen Granules,and the observation group was given Fuzheng Hejie Prescription based on the treatment for the control group.The course of treatment covered 7 days.The changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores and the levels of immunological indicators and inflammatory factors in the two groups were observed before and after the treatment.Moreover,the clinical efficacy,symptom resolution time and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups of children.Results(1)In the course of the trial,one case fell off in the observation group and 2 cases fell off in the control group,and eventually 100 children in each group were included in the trial.(2)After 7 days of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 93.00%(93/100),and that of the control group was 88.00%(88/100),and the intergroup comparison showed that the therapeutic effect of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(χ2= 1.454,P = 0.228).(3)After treatment,the scores of primary symptoms and secondary symptoms as well as the total TCM syndrome scores in the two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)After treatment,the time for the resolution of clinical symptoms such as fever,cough,expectoration and sore throat in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group(P＜0.01).(5)After treatment,the levels of immunological indicators of T lymphocyte subset CD3+ and CD4+ in the two groups were increased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the levels of CD8+ and B cells were decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).The intergroup comparison showed that the increase in the levels of CD3+ and CD4+ as well as the decrease in the levels of CD8+ and B cells of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.01).(6)After treatment,the levels of inflammatory factors of serum amyloid A(SAA),C-reactive protein(CRP),serum tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),soluble interleukin 2 receptor(SIL-2R),and interleukin 6(IL-6)in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the levels of interleukin 2(IL-2)and interferon γ(IFN-γ)ls were all significantly increased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).The intergroup comparison showed that the decrease of serum SAA,CRP,TNF-α,SIL-2R,and IL-6 levels and the increase of serum IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group(P＜0.01).(7)The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 2.00%(2/100),which was significantly lower than that of 8.00%(8/100)in the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(χ2 = 3.789,P = 0.052).Conclusion Fuzheng Hejie Prescription exerts certain effect in treating children with respiratory viral infection of H1N1 virus,which can effectively decrease children's TCM syndrome scores,regulate the inflammatory response,improve the immune function,accelerate the relief of clinical symptoms and shorten the course of the disease.

Objective:To explore the feature of FOS expression in oxytocin-and vasopressin-positive neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus(PVN)under different status of diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods:Intraperito-neal injection of vehicle or STZ in mice was conducted to establish control or diabetes model.Mechanical sensitivity was evaluated by von Frey filament tests to distinguish diabetic neuropathic pain(DNP)from without-pain group(DWP).The expression of FOS,oxytocin(OXT)-and vasopressin(VP)-positive neurons,as well as their double labeling was detected by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining.Cell counting and comparison were made in groups.Results:FOS expression was easily detected in the PVN in the three groups(Control group,DNP group and DWP group)at 7 days,while that in DWP and DNP groups at 28 days was hardly detectable,with the number being signifi-cantly different from the 7 days group(P＜0.05 or 0.001).Likewise,compared with the control group,immunofluo-rescent signals for VP and OXT staining in the DNP and DWP groups also showed a trend of weakening as the modeling time increased(P＜0.05).The cell counting after double staining for VP or OXT with FOS showed that,in the DWP group at 7 days,the number of VP and FOS double-labeled neurons was 74.33±22.10,accounting for(56.64± 7.52)％of VP-positive cells,whereas the double labeling rate for OXT and FOS was only(10.44±3.14)％.In the DNP group at 7 days,the number of OXT and FOS double-labeled neurons was 51.00±31.80,accounting for(18.50 ±9.51)％of OXT-positive neurons,whereas the double labeling rate for VP and FOS was only(9.34±3.27)％.In contrast to these changes in 7 days group,the expression of FOS decreased sharply in the group of 28 days,thereby al-most no double-labeled neurons.Conclusion:The plasticity changes of oxytocin-and vasopressin-positive neurons in the PVN are different depending on the status of pain and non-pain,and the stage of disease progression.Understanding the changes is of great significance for unravelling the neural mechanism of diabetes and its complications.

BACKGROUND:Traditional lateral cephalometric radiographs always suffer from some problems,such as magnification distortion,left and right overlap inconsistency and so on,while the cone-beam CT can truly display the three-dimensional structure of the craniofacial region.Performing three-dimensional reconstruction of cone-beam CT and then transforming the cone-beam CT in the selected area into the two-dimensional image can make the overlap between the left and right sides consistent and reduce the influence of surrounding tissue structures. OBJECTIVE:To explore the consistency of quantitative analysis of cervical vertebral bone age between two kinds of cone-beam CT transformed two-dimensional images with different integrated thicknesses and traditional lateral cephalometric radiographs. METHODS:The cone-beam CT and lateral cephalometric radiograph data of 118 adolescent orthodontic patients were collected.Firstly,the cone-beam CT image was reconstructed in 3D imaging software.After reconstruction,two types of cone-beam CT images with different integrated thicknesses were selected in the sagittal interface and transformed into two-dimensional images,which were named ICB-1 and ICB-2,respectively.The Zhibeiyun system was used to measure and calculate the angle between the concave base of the second cervical vertebra and the lower edge of the vertebral body(@2),the ratio of the third cervical spine to the posterior height(AH3/PH3),the ratio of height to width of the fourth cervical spine(H4/W4)in lateral cephalometric radiograph,ICB-1,ICB-2 and the cervical vertebral bone age.After an interval of two weeks,20 adolescents were randomly selected to repeat the above measurements.The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)method was used to evaluate the repeatability of the three images in measuring cervical bone age.Paired t-test was used to analyze the consistency of cervical bone age measurements between the three images.The Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency of cervical vertebral bone age staging assessment between the three images. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)ICC of AH3/PH3 in the lateral cephalometric radiograph group was<0.9,and the ICC of other measurement items in each group was>0.9.(2)Paired t-test results showed that there were statistical differences in AH3/PH3 and H4/W4 between the ICB-1 group and lateral cephalometric radiograph group and between the ICB-1 group and ICB-2 group(P<0.05),and there were no statistically significant differences in the other items between the three groups(P>0.05).(3)The Kappa test results showed that the Kappa coefficients of the two groups were all more than 0.8 according to the staging of cervical vertebral bone age in three groups(P<0.001).(4)It is indicated that the repeatability of ICB-1 and ICB-2 in the measurement of cervical vertebral bone age is better than that of lateral cephalometric radiographs.Lateral cephalometric radiographs,ICB-1 and ICB-2 have good consistency in the measurement of cervical vertebral bone age,but considering the integrity of cervical vertebra structure,ICB-2 is more suitable for quantitative analysis of cervical vertebral bone age than ICB-1.