Innovation entities bear primary responsibility for the management of scientific and technological ethics. Understanding the current construction status of the scientific and technological ethical governance capacity among Chinese innovation entities is conducive to grasping effectiveness and shortcomings of scientific and technological ethical governance of innovation entities， providing a scientific basis and practical guidance for innovation entities to fulfill their primary responsibilities better. Based on a questionnaire survey targeting 313 innovation entities， this paper investigated and analyzed the current status and existing challenges of scientific and technological ethical governance capacity among Chinese innovation entities from five aspects. It was found that China has made certain achievements in scientific and technological ethical governance， yet there were still issues such as incomplete construction of regulatory systems， low efficiency of ethical review， unestablished regular education and training systems， and imperfect dynamic monitoring systems for ethical risks. Among these issues， the scientific and technological ethical governance capacity of enterprises was identified as requiring urgent improvement. Additionally， strengthening multi-stakeholder collaboration remained a key challenge in building a collaborative and co-governance system for scientific and technological ethics. Based on these issues identified in the survey， countermeasures and suggestions were proposed from five perspectives， that is， enhancing the capacity in institutional construction， ethical review， value transmission， risk early warning， and collaborative governance of innovation entities on scientific and technological ethical governance. The aim was to provide references for accelerating the construction of the scientific and technological ethical governance system and improving the scientific and technological ethical governance capacity of innovation entities.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture combined with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol on promoting intestinal function in patients after gastric cancer surgery. METHODS: Forty-four patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer were randomly divided into an experimental group (22 cases, 3 cases were excluded) and a control group (22 cases, 4 cases were excluded). Both groups received treatment under ERAS protocol, the experimental group was given electroacupuncture at bilateral Neiguan (PC6), Hegu (LI4), Zusanli (ST36) and Quchi (LI11), disperse-dense wave was selected, with frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz. The control group received placebo electroacupuncture intervention, with the same acupoints as the experimental group, electrode pads were placed on the acupoints without electrical stimulation. Each session lasted 30 min, starting from 1 h after surgery, once every 24 h, until the patient resumed anal flatus. The intestinal sound rate of both groups was observed 24 h before surgery and 24, 48 h after surgery. The bowel sound recovery time (BSRT), time to first anal flatus, time to first defecation, and tolerance to oral enteral nutrition suspension were compared between the two groups. The levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured 24 h before surgery and 24 h after surgery in both groups. RESULTS: The intestinal sound rate 24 h after surgery was decreased compared with that 24 h before surgery in the two groups (P<0.05), the intestinal sound rate 24, 48 h after surgery in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The BSRT in the experimental group was earlier than that in the control group (P<0.05) .The levels of serum CRP, IL-6, IL-10 24 h after surgery in the experimental group were higher than those 24 h before surgery (P<0.05), while the levels of serum CRP, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ in the control group were higher than those 24 h before surgery (P<0.05); the levels of serum CRP、IL-4、IFN-γ 24 h after surgery in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05) .The tolerance rate of oral enteral nutrition suspension in the experimental group was 84.2% (16/19), which was higher than 50.0% (9/18) in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture combined with ERAS protocol can improve the intestinal motility, shorten the BSRT, enhance the tolerance of oral intake, and reduce inflammatory response in patients after gastric cancer surgery.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Acupuncture Points ; C-Reactive Protein/metabolism* ; Electroacupuncture ; Gastrectomy ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-6 ; Intestines/physiopathology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/therapy*

Objective To explore the predictive efficacy of several multimodal MRI-based machine learning models for the promoter methylation states of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase(MGMT)of glioblastoma muliforme(GBM)patients in terms of the GBM heterogeneity and the complexity of the tumor microenvironment.Methods Firstly,the multimodal MRI images of 317 GBM patients from The University of Pennsylvania Glioblastoma(UPENN-GBM)dataset were pre-processed,with four sequences involved in including T1-weighted imaging(T1WI)sequence,T1-weighted contrast-enhanced imaging(T1CE)sequence,T2-weighted imaging(T2WI)sequence and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR)sequence,and the radiomics features were extracted for two regions of interest(ROIs)such as the tumor core region and the tumor edema region.Secondly,the data of the 317 GBM patients were randomly divided into a training set(254 cases)and a test set(63 cases),which underwent normalization with Z-scores and feature selection and dimensionality reduction with Lasso regression.Finally,three models were established respectively with particle swarm optimization-support vector machine(PSO-SVM),C-support vector classification(C-SVC)and adaptive boosting(adaptive boosting(Adaboost)algorithms,and the predictive efficacy of the three models for glioblastoma multiforme MGMT promoter methylation states were evaluated in terms of accuracy and AUC.Results The Adaboost model based on T2WI sequence and radiomics features of the tumor core region had the highest predictive efficacy with accuracy and AUC values of 67％and 0.74,respectively,higher than those of other combinations of sequences,models and regions of interest.Conclusion The multimodal MRI-based machine learning models can be used for the prediction of glioblastoma multiforme MGMT promoter methylation states,which provides powerful support for personalized treatment and prognostic assessment of GBM.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):7-13]

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of scoliosis among middle school students through school-based screening, and to analyze the correlations between axial trunk rotation (ATR) angle and Cobb angle among those with scoliosis considering gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and curve type, so as to provide references for early prevention and treatment.Methods:Random cluster sampling was used to enroll 9501 middle school students from 11 schools in the Hanyang District of Wuhan. They underwent a six-step scoliosis screening with a forward bending test, scoliometer measurements, and confirmatory X-ray examinations. The students exhibiting scoliosis were stratified by gender, age, BMI, and curve type. The correlation between ATR angle and Cobb angle was subsequently analyzed within each subgroup.Results:Scoliosis was observed in 358 of the students (150 boys and 208 girls), a positive screening rate of 3.8%. Moreover, the positive screening rate was significantly higher among the girls (4.8%) than among the boys (2.9%). There was a moderate Spearman correlation ( r=0.69) between the ATR and Cobb angles in 358 of the students with scoliosis, both the boys ( r=0.69) and the girls ( r=0.70). When it came to age, there was a positive correlation between the ATR and Cobb angles for students aged 13 to 16 irrespective of their BMI classification, except that there was no significant correlation between the two angles for those classified as obese. In terms of Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) classification, there was a positive correlation for those in types Ia, Ib, Ic, IIa, IIb, IIc and IId, but there was no significant correlation between the two angles for those in type III. Conclusions:Scoliosis is prevalent among the group of adolescents studied. Society, schools and parents need to prioritize prevention, heightened awareness, timely diagnosis and early treatment, particularly for girls. The ATR angle may serve as a practical surrogate for estimating Cobb angle severity in scoliosis screening for single-curve or double-curve cases. However, ATR measurements may yield false-negative results among those with triple-curve deformities or the obese, underscoring the need for supplementary diagnostic methods among such populations.

Objectives:To evaluate the efficacies of laminoplasty(LP)and laminectomy and fusion(LF)in the treatment of multi-level ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL)in the cervical spine through meta-analysis.Methods:The databases of CNKI,Wanfang,Pubmed,Cochrane Library,EMBASE were searched by computer from their inceptions to June 2023 and the published clinical studies comparing LP and LF in the treatment of multi-level OPLL in the cervical spine were included.Cochrane risk bias assess-ment tool and Newcastle-Ottawa scale(NOS)were used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.Rele-vant data including operation time,intraoperative blood loss,the improvement rate of Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score,the change value of visual analogue scale(VAS)score,neck disability index(NDI),cer-vical curvature index(CCI),sagittal vertical axis(SVA)and cervical range of motion(CROM)at the final fol-low-up,the postoperative complication rate and OPLL progression rate were extracted and sorted.Then the meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.4 and StataSE 16.0 softwares.Results:12 literatures(3 randomized controlled studies and 9 cohort studies)were ultimately included,involving a total sample size of 1496 cases,containing 839 cases in the LP group and 657 cases in the LF group.The results of meta-analysis were as follows:the LP group was better than LF group with significant differences in operation time[WMD=-28.01,95％CI(-36.25,-19.77),P＜0.00001],intraoperative blood loss[WMD=-115.09,95％CI(-197.91,-32.27),P=0.006],the change value of CROM[WMD=-7.83,95％CI(-8.10,-7.55),P＜0.00001]compared with those before surgery at final follow-up,the incidence of postoperative C5 nerve root paralysis[OR=0.32,95％CI(0.21,0.50),P＜0.00001]and axial symptoms[OR=0.44,95％CI(0.28,0.71),P=0.0006].The LF group was better than the LP group with significant differences in the change value of the CCI[WMD=-0.75,95％CI(-0.92,-0.58),P＜0.00001]and SVA[WMD=5.49,95％CI(5.30,5.68),P＜0.00001]compared with those before surgery at final follow-up,and the postoperative OPLL progression rate[OR=1.76,95％CI(1.26,2.46),P=0.0009].There were no significant differences between the two groups in the improvement rate of JOA score[WMD=-1.24,95％CI(-4.02,1.54),P=0.38],the change value of VAS[WMD=0.03,95％CI(-0.43,0.49),P=0.89]and NDI[WMD=0.54,95％CI(-0.07,1.14),P=0.08]compared with those before surgery at final follow-up,the incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage[OR=0.58,95％CI(0.24,1.39),P=0.22],incision infection[OR=0.71,95％CI(0.32,1.57),P=0.39]and epidural hematoma[OR=0.37,95％CI(0.06,2.16),P=0.27].Conclusions:Both LF and LP can effectively treat multi-level OPLL in the cervical spine and improve the neurological function of patients.Compared to LF,LP causes less surgical damage,preserves more cervical mobility and additionally,has a lower incidence of the postoperative C5 nerve root paralysis and axial symptoms.In comparison,LF can better maintain the curvature and stability of the cervical spine and delay the progression of ossification.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of scoliosis among middle school students through school-based screening, and to analyze the correlations between axial trunk rotation (ATR) angle and Cobb angle among those with scoliosis considering gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and curve type, so as to provide references for early prevention and treatment.Methods:Random cluster sampling was used to enroll 9501 middle school students from 11 schools in the Hanyang District of Wuhan. They underwent a six-step scoliosis screening with a forward bending test, scoliometer measurements, and confirmatory X-ray examinations. The students exhibiting scoliosis were stratified by gender, age, BMI, and curve type. The correlation between ATR angle and Cobb angle was subsequently analyzed within each subgroup.Results:Scoliosis was observed in 358 of the students (150 boys and 208 girls), a positive screening rate of 3.8%. Moreover, the positive screening rate was significantly higher among the girls (4.8%) than among the boys (2.9%). There was a moderate Spearman correlation ( r=0.69) between the ATR and Cobb angles in 358 of the students with scoliosis, both the boys ( r=0.69) and the girls ( r=0.70). When it came to age, there was a positive correlation between the ATR and Cobb angles for students aged 13 to 16 irrespective of their BMI classification, except that there was no significant correlation between the two angles for those classified as obese. In terms of Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) classification, there was a positive correlation for those in types Ia, Ib, Ic, IIa, IIb, IIc and IId, but there was no significant correlation between the two angles for those in type III. Conclusions:Scoliosis is prevalent among the group of adolescents studied. Society, schools and parents need to prioritize prevention, heightened awareness, timely diagnosis and early treatment, particularly for girls. The ATR angle may serve as a practical surrogate for estimating Cobb angle severity in scoliosis screening for single-curve or double-curve cases. However, ATR measurements may yield false-negative results among those with triple-curve deformities or the obese, underscoring the need for supplementary diagnostic methods among such populations.

Objective:To analyze the distribution and epidemiological characteristics of common non-bacterial pathogens in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections(ARTI)from a multi-center study covering 4 regions in Fujian Province in 2023.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical record analysis.A total of 22 769 hospitalized children with ARTI were enrolled from January to December 2023 across seven regional pediatric medical centers in Fujian Province (covering four major geographical divisions of Fuzhou, Nanping, Sanming and Longyan; all selected hospitals were regional children′s medical centers).Using single-tube multiplex PCR with fragment analysis on a Sanger sequencing platform, the nucleic acids of 11 common non-bacterial respiratory pathogens were tested in nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 22 769 children. These pathogens included influenza A virus(FluA), influenza B virus(FluB), parainfluenza virus(PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human bocavirus (HBoV), human coronavirus (HCoV), human metapneumovirus(HMPV), Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP), and Chlamydia (Ch). Count data were described as [ n(%)], and the chi-square test/Fisher′s exact test was used to compare the differences in rates between groups. Epidemiological features, including positive detection rates, pathogen profiles, and correlations with region, sex, age and month, were analyzed. Results:Among 22 769 children with ARTI, pathogens were detected in 16 213 cases (71.21%), including 13 340 single infections (58.59%).The detection rates of single pathogens in descending order were human rhinovirus (HRV, 12.95%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP, 12.27%), respiratory syncytial virus(RSV, 11.12%), influenza A virus (Flu-A, 7.98%), parainfluenza virus(PIV, 4.66%), human metapneumovirus(HMPV, 4.60%), adenovirus(ADV, 2.70%), human bocavirus(HBoV, 0.84%), human coronavirus(HCoV, 0.82%), influenza B virus(Flu-B, 0.47%) and Chlamydia(Ch, 0.18%).Mixed infections occurred in 2 873 cases(12.62%), primarily dual infections(2 679 cases).Regional analysis revealed significant disparities:Luoyuan County Hospital (Fuzhou) exhibited the highest total detection rate(86.59%, 1 414/1 633)and mixed infection rate(23.27%, 380/1 633)(both P<0.001), with notably elevated MP (26.39%, 431/1 633);Jian′ou City Hospital(Nanping) ranked second for Flu-A(14.21%, 409/2 879), RSV(13.20%, 380/2 879) and mixed infections(17.12%, 493/2 879);Lianjiang County Hospital(Fuzhou) showed distinct prevalence of Flu-A(10.68%, 130/1 217), PIV(6.00%, 73/1 217), and HBoV(1.73%, 21/1 217); Yong′an City Hospital (Sanming) reported high MP (26.07%, 238/913) and RSV(12.38%, 113/913);Shaowu City Hospital(Nanping) was dominated by MP (18.60%, 407/2 188) and HRV(13.39%, 293/2 188); Tingzhou Hospital(Longyan) had the highest HRV (17.88%, 407/2 276) and Flu-B (0.75%, 17/2 276); and Fuzhou Children′s Hospital showed elevated ADV(3.38%, 394/11 663) and HCoV(1.08%, 126/11 663). Except for Flu-B(0.47%, 108/22 769; P=0.054) and Ch(0.18%, 40/22769; P=0.900), all pathogens and mixed infections exhibited significant regional variations ( P<0.05).Gender analysis indicated higher detection rates of HRV, RSV, Flu-A, ADV, PIV, HBoV and mixed infections in males, while MP, HMPV, Flu-B, HCoV, and Ch were more prevalent in females, with statistically significant differences for HRV and MP (both P<0.001). Age stratification showed the highest overall detection rate in the 3-<6 years group (75.48%; P<0.001): RSV and Ch peaked in infants (<1 year), HRV, PIV, ADV and HBoV in toddlers (1-<3 years), HMPV, HCoV, and mixed infections in preschool children (3-<6 years), and MP, Flu-A and Flu-B in older children (6-<18 years).Analyzing the prevalent months, the monthly prevalence trends of pathogens in various regions are similar.Seasonal trends demonstrated year-round HRV activity (peaking in spring/autumn), MP prevalence in autumn/winter, RSV surges in spring-summer (April-June) and late summer-autumn (August-October), and Flu-A predominanced in winter-spring. Conclusion:Multiplex PCR with fragment analysis demonstrated high diagnostic efficacy. The top 4 non-bacterial pathogens in Fujian Province′s ARTI-hospitalized children in 2023 were HRV, MP, RSV and Flu-A. Pathogen distribution exhibited significant regional, age and seasonal variations, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention strategies.

Objectives:To evaluate the efficacies of laminoplasty(LP)and laminectomy and fusion(LF)in the treatment of multi-level ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL)in the cervical spine through meta-analysis.Methods:The databases of CNKI,Wanfang,Pubmed,Cochrane Library,EMBASE were searched by computer from their inceptions to June 2023 and the published clinical studies comparing LP and LF in the treatment of multi-level OPLL in the cervical spine were included.Cochrane risk bias assess-ment tool and Newcastle-Ottawa scale(NOS)were used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.Rele-vant data including operation time,intraoperative blood loss,the improvement rate of Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score,the change value of visual analogue scale(VAS)score,neck disability index(NDI),cer-vical curvature index(CCI),sagittal vertical axis(SVA)and cervical range of motion(CROM)at the final fol-low-up,the postoperative complication rate and OPLL progression rate were extracted and sorted.Then the meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.4 and StataSE 16.0 softwares.Results:12 literatures(3 randomized controlled studies and 9 cohort studies)were ultimately included,involving a total sample size of 1496 cases,containing 839 cases in the LP group and 657 cases in the LF group.The results of meta-analysis were as follows:the LP group was better than LF group with significant differences in operation time[WMD=-28.01,95％CI(-36.25,-19.77),P＜0.00001],intraoperative blood loss[WMD=-115.09,95％CI(-197.91,-32.27),P=0.006],the change value of CROM[WMD=-7.83,95％CI(-8.10,-7.55),P＜0.00001]compared with those before surgery at final follow-up,the incidence of postoperative C5 nerve root paralysis[OR=0.32,95％CI(0.21,0.50),P＜0.00001]and axial symptoms[OR=0.44,95％CI(0.28,0.71),P=0.0006].The LF group was better than the LP group with significant differences in the change value of the CCI[WMD=-0.75,95％CI(-0.92,-0.58),P＜0.00001]and SVA[WMD=5.49,95％CI(5.30,5.68),P＜0.00001]compared with those before surgery at final follow-up,and the postoperative OPLL progression rate[OR=1.76,95％CI(1.26,2.46),P=0.0009].There were no significant differences between the two groups in the improvement rate of JOA score[WMD=-1.24,95％CI(-4.02,1.54),P=0.38],the change value of VAS[WMD=0.03,95％CI(-0.43,0.49),P=0.89]and NDI[WMD=0.54,95％CI(-0.07,1.14),P=0.08]compared with those before surgery at final follow-up,the incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage[OR=0.58,95％CI(0.24,1.39),P=0.22],incision infection[OR=0.71,95％CI(0.32,1.57),P=0.39]and epidural hematoma[OR=0.37,95％CI(0.06,2.16),P=0.27].Conclusions:Both LF and LP can effectively treat multi-level OPLL in the cervical spine and improve the neurological function of patients.Compared to LF,LP causes less surgical damage,preserves more cervical mobility and additionally,has a lower incidence of the postoperative C5 nerve root paralysis and axial symptoms.In comparison,LF can better maintain the curvature and stability of the cervical spine and delay the progression of ossification.

Chronic visceral pain is a persistent and debilitating condition arising from dysfunction or sensitization of the visceral organs and their associated nervous pathways. Increasing evidence suggests that imbalances in central nervous system function play an essential role in the progression of visceral pain, but the exact mechanisms underlying the neural circuitry and molecular targets remain largely unexplored. In the present study, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was shown to mediate visceral pain in mice. Visceral pain stimulation increased c-Fos expression and Ca²⁺ activity of glutamatergic VTA neurons, and optogenetic modulation of glutamatergic VTA neurons altered visceral pain. In particular, the upregulation of NMDA receptor 2A (NR2A) subunits within the VTA resulted in visceral pain in mice. Administration of a selective NR2A inhibitor decreased the number of visceral pain-induced c-Fos positive neurons and attenuated visceral pain. Pharmacology combined with chemogenetics further demonstrated that glutamatergic VTA neurons regulated visceral pain behaviors based on NR2A. In summary, our findings demonstrated that the upregulation of NR2A in glutamatergic VTA neurons plays a critical role in visceral pain. These insights provide a foundation for further comprehension of the neural circuits and molecular targets involved in chronic visceral pain and may pave the way for targeted therapies in chronic visceral pain.
Animals ; Male ; Visceral Pain/metabolism* ; Up-Regulation/physiology* ; Ventral Tegmental Area/metabolism* ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Neurons/drug effects* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism* ; Chronic Pain/metabolism* ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism*