Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of postoperative pneumonia(POP)in tertiary general hospitals in Jiangsu Province,and provide theoretical basis for carrying out targeted pre-vention and control measures.Methods Surgery patients from 22 tertiary general hospitals in 12 cities in north,central,and south of Jiangsu Province from January 1,2022 to December 31,2023 were chosen as studied subjects,occurrence of POP was analyzed and compared.Results A total of 848 274 surgical procedures were performed in 22 hospitals,and 3 606 cases of POP occurred,with an incidence of 0.43％.The incidence in 2023 was 0.37％,which was lower than that in 2022(0.49％),with statistically significant difference(P＜0.001).The top three de-partments with high incidence of POP were neurosurgery(6.71％),cardiothoracic surgery(2.91％),and general surgery(0.77％).Among hospitals of different grades,the incidence of POP in tertiary first-class hospitals was 0.44％,which was higher than that in other tertiary hospitals(0.37％).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of POP between municipal and district/county hospitals(P＞0.05).The incidence of POP in hospitals with a bed:infection control full-time staff ratio＜200∶1 was lower than that in hospitals with the ratio ≥200∶1(0.39％vs 0.47％,P＜0.001),while the incidence of POP in hospitals with a proportion ≥30％of full-time staff being doctors was higher than that in hospitals with a proportion＜30％(0.45％vs 0.36％,P＜0.001).The incidence of POP in male patients was higher than that in female patients(0.62％vs 0.26％,P＜0.001).The incidence of POP in elderly patients aged≥65 was higher than that in patients aged＜65(0.73％vs 0.26％,P＜0.001).A total of 2 667 strains of infectious pathogens were detected,with the top three being Acine-tobacter baumannii,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,accounting for 28.95％,22.72％,and 15.45％,respectively.The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB),carba-penem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP),and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)were 60.75％,21.45％,and 32.28％,respectively.The detection rate of CRKP decreased in 2023 compared with 2022,with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion The overall incidence of POP in tertiary general hos-pitals in Jiangsu Province is relatively low,but there are significant differences among different hospitals.There-fore,perioperative prevention and control measures should be carried out based on the epidemiological characteristics of patients.

Objective To explore the prognostic predictors of patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma(ChRCC),and to construct a nomogram model and prognostic risk staging.Methods The data of this study were derived from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database.Cox regression analysis was used to determine the independent prognostic factors,and a nomogram model was constructed to predict the survival period of patients with ChRCC.The discrimination and accuracy of the model were evaluated using the consistency index and calibration curve.Prognostic risk staging was established and compared with the TNM staging system.Results A total of 6382 patients with ChRCC were included.They were randomly divided into training group(n=4467)and validation group(n=1915)in a 7:3 ratio.The results of the Cox regression analysis showed that age,gender,race,place of residence,lymph node metastasis,bone metastasis,lung metastasis,tumor breaking through the renal capsule,major vein invasion,pathological appearance of sarcomatous features,and surgical method were all independent influencing factors for the prognosis of ChRCC(P＜0.05).The C-index of this nomogram prognostic model was significantly higher than that of the TNM staging system(0.790 vs.0.617).The same trend was also observed in the validation group.The K-M survival curve based on the prognostic risk staging by the nomogram showed that there was a significant difference among the populations in each stage(P＜0.001),and the discrimination was superior to the TNM staging of renal cancer.Conclusion The prognostic nomogram model for ChRCC patients constructed based on comprehensive pathological factors can achieve high accuracy and stability.The prognostic risk staging established by this model can serve as a practical supplementary tool for evaluating the prognosis of ChRCC patients in clinical practice.

Infection Prevention and Control(IPC)programs are crucial for prevention of hospital-associated infec-tions(HAIs),health and safety of patients and health care workers.The major task confronting the health care is to effectively carry out the IPC programs so as to raise the efficiency and quality of management of HAIs.In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology has provided new ideas for the management of HAIs.The application and progress of research on application of AI technologies such as machine learning,nat-ural language processing and computer vision in surveillance,early warning,diagnosis,prevention and control,smart medical equipment and management of antibiotics were reviewed in the article.Meanwhile,the problems and challenges confronting the AI application,such as technical breakthroughs,data privacy and health care work-ers' acceptance,were also expounded.In the future,it is necessary to push forward the technology research and development,establish the safe and reliable data management system,increase the experience of health care work-ers and energize the interdisciplinary cooperation on IPC.

Infection Prevention and Control(IPC)programs are crucial for prevention of hospital-associated infec-tions(HAIs),health and safety of patients and health care workers.The major task confronting the health care is to effectively carry out the IPC programs so as to raise the efficiency and quality of management of HAIs.In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology has provided new ideas for the management of HAIs.The application and progress of research on application of AI technologies such as machine learning,nat-ural language processing and computer vision in surveillance,early warning,diagnosis,prevention and control,smart medical equipment and management of antibiotics were reviewed in the article.Meanwhile,the problems and challenges confronting the AI application,such as technical breakthroughs,data privacy and health care work-ers' acceptance,were also expounded.In the future,it is necessary to push forward the technology research and development,establish the safe and reliable data management system,increase the experience of health care work-ers and energize the interdisciplinary cooperation on IPC.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of postoperative pneumonia(POP)in tertiary general hospitals in Jiangsu Province,and provide theoretical basis for carrying out targeted pre-vention and control measures.Methods Surgery patients from 22 tertiary general hospitals in 12 cities in north,central,and south of Jiangsu Province from January 1,2022 to December 31,2023 were chosen as studied subjects,occurrence of POP was analyzed and compared.Results A total of 848 274 surgical procedures were performed in 22 hospitals,and 3 606 cases of POP occurred,with an incidence of 0.43％.The incidence in 2023 was 0.37％,which was lower than that in 2022(0.49％),with statistically significant difference(P＜0.001).The top three de-partments with high incidence of POP were neurosurgery(6.71％),cardiothoracic surgery(2.91％),and general surgery(0.77％).Among hospitals of different grades,the incidence of POP in tertiary first-class hospitals was 0.44％,which was higher than that in other tertiary hospitals(0.37％).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of POP between municipal and district/county hospitals(P＞0.05).The incidence of POP in hospitals with a bed:infection control full-time staff ratio＜200∶1 was lower than that in hospitals with the ratio ≥200∶1(0.39％vs 0.47％,P＜0.001),while the incidence of POP in hospitals with a proportion ≥30％of full-time staff being doctors was higher than that in hospitals with a proportion＜30％(0.45％vs 0.36％,P＜0.001).The incidence of POP in male patients was higher than that in female patients(0.62％vs 0.26％,P＜0.001).The incidence of POP in elderly patients aged≥65 was higher than that in patients aged＜65(0.73％vs 0.26％,P＜0.001).A total of 2 667 strains of infectious pathogens were detected,with the top three being Acine-tobacter baumannii,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,accounting for 28.95％,22.72％,and 15.45％,respectively.The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB),carba-penem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP),and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)were 60.75％,21.45％,and 32.28％,respectively.The detection rate of CRKP decreased in 2023 compared with 2022,with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion The overall incidence of POP in tertiary general hos-pitals in Jiangsu Province is relatively low,but there are significant differences among different hospitals.There-fore,perioperative prevention and control measures should be carried out based on the epidemiological characteristics of patients.

Objective To explore the prognostic predictors of patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma(ChRCC),and to construct a nomogram model and prognostic risk staging.Methods The data of this study were derived from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database.Cox regression analysis was used to determine the independent prognostic factors,and a nomogram model was constructed to predict the survival period of patients with ChRCC.The discrimination and accuracy of the model were evaluated using the consistency index and calibration curve.Prognostic risk staging was established and compared with the TNM staging system.Results A total of 6382 patients with ChRCC were included.They were randomly divided into training group(n=4467)and validation group(n=1915)in a 7:3 ratio.The results of the Cox regression analysis showed that age,gender,race,place of residence,lymph node metastasis,bone metastasis,lung metastasis,tumor breaking through the renal capsule,major vein invasion,pathological appearance of sarcomatous features,and surgical method were all independent influencing factors for the prognosis of ChRCC(P＜0.05).The C-index of this nomogram prognostic model was significantly higher than that of the TNM staging system(0.790 vs.0.617).The same trend was also observed in the validation group.The K-M survival curve based on the prognostic risk staging by the nomogram showed that there was a significant difference among the populations in each stage(P＜0.001),and the discrimination was superior to the TNM staging of renal cancer.Conclusion The prognostic nomogram model for ChRCC patients constructed based on comprehensive pathological factors can achieve high accuracy and stability.The prognostic risk staging established by this model can serve as a practical supplementary tool for evaluating the prognosis of ChRCC patients in clinical practice.

Objective:The status quo and related factors of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in multiple parts of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tianjin were analyzed.Methods:Using the cross-sectional survey method, a total of 600 MSM were recruited in Tianjin from September to December 2023, including 200 (18-26 years old), 300 (27-45 years old), and 100 (≥46 years old) stratificaed by age group. Questionnaire survey was used to collect knowledge and behavioral information related to demography and STD prevention and treatment. Exfoliated cells from genital, perianal and oral cavity were collected for HPV typing detection. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of HPV infection.Results:The infection rate of HPV was 53.67% (322/600) in MSM, with high-risk type as 41.17% (247/600), low-risk type as 27.17% (163/600). The infection rate of HPV in both multiple and single types was 26.83% (161/600).The infection rates of genotypes covered by nine-valent HPV vaccine, quadrivalent HPV vaccine and bivalent HPV vaccine were 36.83% (221/600), 25.17% (151/600) and 9.50% (57/600), respectively.The infection rates of genital HPV, high-risk or low-risk types were 24.67% (148/600), 16.67% (100/600) and 11.00% (66/600), respectively. The infection rates of perianal HPV, high-risk or low-risk types were 42.00% (252/600), 30.17% (181/600) and 20.50% (123/600), respectively. The infection rates of oral HPV high-risk and low-risk types were 3.17% (19/600), 2.33% (14/600) and 1.17% (7/600), respectively. Divorce or widowhood (a OR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.26-4.50), history of homosexual anal intercourse in the past 6 months (a OR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.00-5.50), and use of dependent drugs (including new psychoactive substances) (a OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.02-2.58) were risk factors for genital HPV infection. College degree/university degree or above (a OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.16-0.81) was a protective factor for perianal HPV infection, and a history of drug dependence (a OR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.19-2.88) was a risk factor. Conclusions:MSM in Tianjin was a high-risk group for HPV infection, and the HPV infection in the perianal area was more severe than in the genital area and oral area.Marital status, education level, history of homosexual anal sex in the past 6 months, and history of drug dependence were related factors of HPV infection among MSM.

ObjectiveIn recent years， with the sharp decline of wild resources in Arisaematis Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma and the immaturity of medicinal cultivation technology， their adulterants have appeared frequently in the market， and the main identifying characteristics have mostly disappeared in the circulation of medicinal materials. Therefore， there is an urgent need to establish a molecular identification method that can quickly and effectively identify the specificity of Arisaematis Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma. MethodAfter comparison of the rbcL sequences of Arisaematis Rhizoma，Pinelliae Rhizoma， and their adulterants， the specific enzyme cleavage sites Hae Ⅲ and Dra Ⅰ of Arisaematis Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma， respectively， were selected and identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism（PCR-RFLP）. The main system conditions of PCR-RFLP reaction were established and optimized， and their durability and the ability to detect genuine， adulterants， and mixed counterfeits were investigated. ResultThe PCR-RFLP identification method of Arisaematis Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma was established. After specific primer amplification， Arisaematis Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma could be digested by Hae Ⅲ and Dra Ⅰ-restricted endonucleases respectively， at annealing temperature of 54 ℃， the number of cycles of 35， and the amount of DNA template of 3-30 ng， producing two fragments or small cut fragments with a single band between 100-250 bp， whereas the mixed counterfeits were not cleaved and both showed a band at 250 bp. The method is highly accurate in identifying adulterants and mixed counterfeits of Arisaematis Rhizoma or Pinelliae Rhizoma. ConclusionThe PCR-RFLP method developed in this study allows for the rapid identification of Arisaematis Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma.

Gastric cancer with hemorrhage and cerebral infarction is a serious complica-tion with poor prognosis in clinic. Although the incidence rate is extremely low, the fatality and disability rates are very high. In addition, the opposition in treatment between the two complica-tions increases the difficulty of clinical diagnosis and treatment. The authors report the diagnosis and treatment of a gastric cancer patient with hemorrhage and new cerebral infarction, in order to to provide reference for related treatments.

Objective ： To study the effect of temperature and light intensity on photosynthetic fluorescence parameters, volatile oil content, and growth of Atractylodes lancea and provide reference for the rational selection of cultivation environment for A. lancea. MethodWe determined the photosynthetic indexes (such as net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, and carboxylation rate), light response curve, CO₂ response curve, fluorescence parameters, and the content of four volatile oils in A. lancea under two temperature treatments (32 °C and 22 °C) and two light treatments (full light and shade). ResultThe net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of A. lancea under high temperature + strong light were significantly higher than those under high temperature + weak light and low temperature + strong light. The ability of A. lancea to use weak light at low temperature was the strongest, while the utilization rate of weak light under strong light significantly reduced. The photosynthetic rate of A. lancea at low temperature was more susceptible to light intensity and CO₂ concentration than that at high temperature. The maximum photosynthetic rate and apparent quantum efficiency under weak light were significantly higher than those under strong light. The photoreaction efficiency at high temperature was higher than that at low temperature. The total amount of volatile oil in A. lancea treated with high temperature + weak light was the highest, reaching 4.582%. Compared with high temperature + strong light, high temperature + weak light significantly increased the content of hinesol and β-eudesmol in A. lancea by 91.7% and 35.7%, respectively, and low temperature + strong light significantly increased the content of hinesol by 87.5%. The content of β-eudesmol in low temperature + weak light treatment was significantly lower than that in high temperature + weak light treatment. ConclusionTThe growth of A. lancea was affected by the interaction between temperature and light. The light and temperature conditions required for the accumulation of volatile oil were not consistent with those suitable for the growth and development of A. lancea. A. lancea responded to the changes of light and temperature conditions by regulating the synthesis and accumulation of volatile oil.