To clarify the occurrence and distribution of broad bean wilt virus 2(BBWV2) on Rehmannia glutinosa, this study collected 87 R. glutinosa samples with typical symptoms of viral disease such as chlorosis and crumple from Wenxian county and Wuzhi county in Jiaozuo city, Henan province and Qiaocheng district in Bozhou city, Anhui province. The BBWV2 CP target band was amplified from 37 R. glutinosa samples by RT-PCR technology. The total detection rate reached 42.5%, among which 43.0% was detected in samples from Henan province. The detection rate in samples from Anhui province was 37.5%. 37 BBWV2 CP sequences were obtained by cloning and sequencing of BBWV2 positive samples(data has been submitted to GenBank, accession numbers: PP407959-PP407995), and the sequence analysis of these CP sequences with 91 other BBWV2 isolates in GenBank showed a high genetic diversity with a consistency rate of 70.8%-100%. Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis showed that BBWV2 could be divided into three groups according to CP sequences, among which the BBWV2 in R. glutinosa isolates obtained in this study were all located in group 3. This study identified the differences in the occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of BBWV2 in R. glutinosa from Henan province and Anhui province and provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of BBWV2.
Rehmannia/virology* ; Phylogeny ; Plant Diseases/virology* ; China ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Fabavirus/classification*

This study selected 6 529 plant-based Chinese materia medica(PCMM) from Chinese Materia Medica as research subjects and applied a random permutation test to explore the overall correlation characteristics between nature and flavor, as well as the correlation characteristics after distinguishing different medicinal parts and harvest seasons. The results showed that the overall correlation characteristics between nature and flavor in PCMM were significantly associated in the following pairs: cold and bitter, cool and bitter, cool and astringent, cool and light, neutral and sweet, neutral and astringent, neutral and light, neutral and sour, hot and pungent, and warm and pungent. When analyzing the data by distinguishing medicinal parts and/or harvest seasons, new correlation patterns emerged, characterized by the disappearance of some significant correlations and the emergence of new ones. When analyzing by medicinal parts alone, significant correlations were found in the following cases: cold and light in leaves, cold and salty in barks, cool and sweet in fruits and seeds, neutral and pungent in whole herbs, neutral and salty in stems, and warm and salty in flowers. However, no significant correlations were found between cool and bitter in stems and other types of herbs, cool and astringent in fruits, seeds, flowers, and other types of herbs, cool and light in leaves, fruits, seeds, barks, flowers and other types of herbs, neutral and sweet in barks, neutral and astringent in whole herbs and stems, neutral and light in leaves, fruits, seeds, and flowers, neutral and sour in whole herbs, stems, barks, flowers, and other types of herbs, and hot and pungent in whole herbs, stems, flowers, and other types of herbs. When analyzing by harvest season alone, significant correlations were found in the following cases: cold and salty, and cool and sour in herbs harvested in winter, and neutral and salty in herbs harvested year-round. However, no significant correlation was found between cool and light in herbs harvested in winter. When considering both medicinal parts and harvest seasons, compared to the independent influence of medicinal parts, 14 new significant correlations emerged(e.g., the correlation between cool and bitter in stems harvested in spring), while 53 previously significant correlations disappeared(e.g., the correlation between cool and bitter in barks harvested in summer). Compared to the independent influence of harvest seasons, 11 new significant correlations appeared(e.g., the correlation between cold and light in barks harvested in autumn), while 50 previously significant correlations disappeared(e.g., the correlation between hot and pungent in leaves harvested in winter). This study is the first to reveal the influence of medicinal parts and harvest seasons on the correlation between nature and flavor in PCMM, which highlights that these two factors can interact and jointly affect nature-flavor correlations. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms. This study provides a deeper understanding of the inherent scientific connotations of herbal properties and offers a theoretical foundation for the cultivation and harvesting of PCMM.
Seasons ; Plants, Medicinal/growth & development* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Taste

Objective To investigate the effect of cannulated screw internal fixation via a small incision sinus tarsi approach on calcaneal related angles in patients with calcaneal fractures.Methods A total of 107 patients with calcaneal fractures who were treated in our hospital from June 2020 to July 2023 were selected,and they were divided into the group A(n=56,underwent lateral L-shaped approach combined with steel plate internal fixation) and group B (n=51,underwent cannulated screw internal fixation via a small incision sinus tarsi approach). The Bohler angle,Gissane angle,calcaneal width,calcaneal height,American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Association (AOFAS) Maryland foot function score,and visual analogue scale (VAS) score before and after surgery were compared between the two groups. The correlations between the imaging data before and after surgery,their correlation with the AOFAS Maryland foot function score and VAS score,and the correlations between the difference in imaging indexes before and after surgery and the improvement rates of Maryland foot function score and VAS score were analyzed by Pearson method. Results The Bohler angle,Gissane angle,calcaneal width,and calcaneal height after surgery in both groups were significantly improved compared with those before surgery (P<0.05). The group B had smaller Bohler angle 1 month after surgery,and greater Bohler angle 3 months and 6 months after surgery,and Gissane angle and calcaneal width 3 months after surgery compared with those in group A (P<0.05). At 1,3,and 6 months after surgery,the VAS scores of both groups were significantly reduced compared with those before surgery (P<0.05),while the Maryland foot function scores were significantly increased compared with those before surgery (P<0.05). The Maryland foot function scores and VAS scores 1,3,and 6 months after surgery of the group B were significantly better than those of the group A(P<0.05). The Bohler angle,calcaneal width,Gissane angle,and calcaneal height were all correlated before and after surgery (P<0.05);before surgery,the calcaneal width and height were not correlated with the Maryland foot function score or VAS score (P>0.05),while the Bohler angle and Gissane angle were correlated with the Maryland foot function score and VAS score (P<0.05);after surgery,the Bohler angle,calcaneal width,Gissane angle,and calcaneal height were all correlated with the Maryland foot function score and VAS score (P<0.05). The differences in Bohler angle,Gissane angle,calcaneal width,and calcaneal height before and after surgery were correlated with the improvement rates of Maryland foot function score and VAS score (P<0.05). Conclusion The Bohler angle,Gissane angle,and calcaneal height all increase,while the calcaneal width decrease after treated with cannulated screw internal fixation via a small incision sinus tarsi approach in calcaneal fractures,which has better therapeutic effect than that of lateral L-shaped approach combined with steel plate internal fixation. The changes in the Bohler angle,Gissane angle,calcaneal width,and calcaneal height are correlated with the clinical efficacy.

Objective To investigate the effect of cannulated screw internal fixation via a small incision sinus tarsi approach on calcaneal related angles in patients with calcaneal fractures.Methods A total of 107 patients with calcaneal fractures who were treated in our hospital from June 2020 to July 2023 were selected,and they were divided into the group A(n=56,underwent lateral L-shaped approach combined with steel plate internal fixation) and group B (n=51,underwent cannulated screw internal fixation via a small incision sinus tarsi approach). The Bohler angle,Gissane angle,calcaneal width,calcaneal height,American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Association (AOFAS) Maryland foot function score,and visual analogue scale (VAS) score before and after surgery were compared between the two groups. The correlations between the imaging data before and after surgery,their correlation with the AOFAS Maryland foot function score and VAS score,and the correlations between the difference in imaging indexes before and after surgery and the improvement rates of Maryland foot function score and VAS score were analyzed by Pearson method. Results The Bohler angle,Gissane angle,calcaneal width,and calcaneal height after surgery in both groups were significantly improved compared with those before surgery (P<0.05). The group B had smaller Bohler angle 1 month after surgery,and greater Bohler angle 3 months and 6 months after surgery,and Gissane angle and calcaneal width 3 months after surgery compared with those in group A (P<0.05). At 1,3,and 6 months after surgery,the VAS scores of both groups were significantly reduced compared with those before surgery (P<0.05),while the Maryland foot function scores were significantly increased compared with those before surgery (P<0.05). The Maryland foot function scores and VAS scores 1,3,and 6 months after surgery of the group B were significantly better than those of the group A(P<0.05). The Bohler angle,calcaneal width,Gissane angle,and calcaneal height were all correlated before and after surgery (P<0.05);before surgery,the calcaneal width and height were not correlated with the Maryland foot function score or VAS score (P>0.05),while the Bohler angle and Gissane angle were correlated with the Maryland foot function score and VAS score (P<0.05);after surgery,the Bohler angle,calcaneal width,Gissane angle,and calcaneal height were all correlated with the Maryland foot function score and VAS score (P<0.05). The differences in Bohler angle,Gissane angle,calcaneal width,and calcaneal height before and after surgery were correlated with the improvement rates of Maryland foot function score and VAS score (P<0.05). Conclusion The Bohler angle,Gissane angle,and calcaneal height all increase,while the calcaneal width decrease after treated with cannulated screw internal fixation via a small incision sinus tarsi approach in calcaneal fractures,which has better therapeutic effect than that of lateral L-shaped approach combined with steel plate internal fixation. The changes in the Bohler angle,Gissane angle,calcaneal width,and calcaneal height are correlated with the clinical efficacy.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating traumatic disease seriously impairing the quality of life in patients. Expectations to allow the hopeless central nervous system to repair itself after injury are unfeasible. Developing new approaches to regenerate the central nervous system is still the priority. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exo) have been proven to robustly quench the inflammatory response or oxidative stress and curb neuronal apoptosis and autophagy following SCI, which are the key processes to rescue damaged spinal cord neurons and restore their functions. Nonetheless, MSC-Exo in SCI received scant attention. In this review, we reviewed our previous work and other studies to summarize the roles of MSC-Exo in SCI and its underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we also focus on the application of exosomes as drug carrier in SCI. In particular, it combs the advantages of exosomes as a drug carrier for SCI, imaging advantages, drug types, loading methods, etc., which provides the latest progress for exosomes in the treatment of SCI, especially drug carrier.

AIM: To investigate the annual eye examination of diabetic patients in Shenyang and analyze the associated factors by using the Chinese version of the Compliance with Annual Diabetic Eye Exam Survey(CADEES)questionnaire.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. The diabetic patients who first visited Shenyang He Eye Specialist Hospital from November 2021 to October 2022 were collected. The Chinese version of the CADEES questionnaire was used to investigate the previous annual eye examinations of these patients, and no fundus examination in the past 1a was defined as poor participation. Factors associated with poor participation in annual eye examinations were identified by multivariate binary logistic regression analyses.RESULTS: A total of 468 patients were collected, including 192 males and 276 females, with an average age of 67.42±10.66 years. There were 330 patients without diabetic retinopathy(DR)and 138 patients with DR, among which 88 patients had vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy(VTDR)and 50 patients had non-vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy(NVTDR). 34.2%(160 cases)of patients had poor annual eye examination. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling gender, age and other influencing factors, patients in rural area(OR=1.704, 95%CI: 1.019～2.850, P=0.042), VTDR(OR=1.948, 95%CI: 1.145～3.313, P=0.014), the item 7(I have felt blue, downhearted, or depressed over the past 4wk; OR=0.624, 95%CI: 0.401～0.971, P=0.037)and item 42(I receive a reminder from my eye doctor's office when it is time to schedule an exam; OR=0.618, 95%CI: 0.387～0.989, P=0.045)of CADEES questionnaire were risk factors for poor participation in the annual ophthalmic examination.CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one-third of diabetic patients in the Shenyang region may not follow the guidelines for DR annual eye examination. Healthcare providers should improve DR health education, increasing eye exam participation through necessary reminders.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of cell lysis method and magnetic beads method in forensic DNA identification and to explore these two methods in forensic DNA identification. METHODS: The genome DNA of THP-1 cells in different quantities was extracted by the cell lysis method and magnetic beads method, and the DNA content was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. The cell lysis method and magnetic beads method were used to type the STR of human blood with different dilution ratios. RESULTS: When the numbers of THP-1 cell were 100, 400 and 800, the DNA content extracted by cell lysis method were (1.219±0.334), (5.081±0.335), (9.332±0.318) ng, respectively; and the DNA content extracted by magnetic beads method were (1.020±0.281), (3.634±0.482), (7.896±0.759) ng, respectively. When the numbers of THP-1 cells were 400 and 800, the DNA content extracted by the cell lysis method was higher than that by the magnetic beads method. The sensitivity of cell lysis method and magnetic beads method was similar in STR typing of human blood at different dilution ratios. Complete STR typing could be obtained at 100, 300 and 500-fold dilutions of blood samples, but could not be detected at 700-fold dilution. STR typing of undiluted human blood could not be detected by cell lysis method. CONCLUSIONS The cell lysis method is easy to operate and can retain template DNA to the maximum extend. It is expected to be suitable for trace blood evidence tests.
Humans ; Forensic Medicine ; DNA/genetics* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Magnetic Phenomena ; DNA Fingerprinting/methods* ; Microsatellite Repeats

Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) for the treatment of degenerated great saphenous vein graft (SVG). Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, single-arm study. Patients, who were admitted to the Geriatric Cardiovascular Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2022 to June 2022, were consecutively enrolled. Inclusion criteria were recurrent chest pain after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), and coronary angiography confirmed that the SVG stenosis was more than 70% but not completely occluded, and interventional treatment for SVG lesions was planned. Before balloon dilation and stent placement, ELCA was used to pretreat the lesions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination was performed and postoperative index of microcirculation resistance (IMR) were assessed after stent implantation. The technique success rate and operation success rate were calculated. The technique success was defined as the successful passage of the ELCA system through the lesion. Operation success was defined as the successful placement of a stent at the lesion. The primary evaluation index of the study was IMR immediately after PCI. Secondary evaluation indexes included thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade, corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC), minimal stent area and stent expansion measured by OCT after PCI, and procedural complications (Ⅳa myocardial infarction, no reflow, perforation). Results: A total of 19 patients aged (66.0±5.6) years were enrolled, including 18 males (94.7%). The age of SVG was 8 (6, 11) years. The length of the lesions was greater than 20 mm, and they were all SVG body lesions. The median stenosis degree was 95% (80%, 99%), and the length of the implanted stent was (41.7±16.3)mm. The operation time was 119 (101, 166) minutes, and the cumulative dose was 2 089 (1 378, 3 011)mGy. The diameter of the laser catheter was 1.4 mm, the maximum energy was 60 mJ, and the maximum frequency was 40 Hz. The technique success and the operation success rate were both 100% (19/19). The IMR after stent implantation was 29.22±5.95. The TIMI flow grade of patients after ELCA and stent implantation was significantly improved (all P>0.05), and the TIMI flow grade of all patients after stent implantation was Grade Ⅲ. The cTFC decreased significantly after ELCA (33.2±7.8) and after stent placement (22.8±7.1) than preoperative level (49.7±13.0) (both P<0.001). The minimum stent area was (5.53±1.36)mm², and the stent expansion rate was (90.0±4.3)%. Perforation, no reflow, type Ⅳa myocardial infarction and other complications were not observed. However, postoperative high-sensitivity troponin level was significantly increased ((67.937±33.839)ng/L vs. (5.316±3.105)ng/L, P<0.001). Conclusion: ELCA is safe and effective in the treatment of SVG lesions and could improve microcirculation and ensure full expansion of stent.
Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Lasers, Excimer/therapeutic use* ; Saphenous Vein/transplantation* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Atherectomy, Coronary/methods* ; Myocardial Infarction ; Coronary Angiography ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To analyze the course of disease and epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 and provide evidence for making prevention and control strategies. Methods: To display the distribution of course of disease of the infectors who had close contacts with COVID-19 cases from January 1 to March 15, 2020 in Guangdong Provincial, the models of Lognormal, Weibull and gamma distribution were applied. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the basic characteristics and epidemiological parameters of course of disease. Results: In total, 515 of 11 580 close contacts were infected, with an attack rate about 4.4%, including 449 confirmed cases and 66 asymptomatic cases. Lognormal distribution was fitting best for latent period, incubation period, pre-symptomatic infection period of confirmed cases and infection period of asymptomatic cases; Gamma distribution was fitting best for infectious period and clinical symptom period of confirmed cases; Weibull distribution was fitting best for latent period of asymptomatic cases. The latent period, incubation period, pre-symptomatic infection period, infectious period and clinical symptoms period of confirmed cases were 4.50 (95%CI:3.86-5.13) days, 5.12 (95%CI:4.63-5.62) days, 0.87 (95%CI:0.67-1.07) days, 11.89 (95%CI:9.81-13.98) days and 22.00 (95%CI:21.24-22.77) days, respectively. The latent period and infectious period of asymptomatic cases were 8.88 (95%CI:6.89-10.86) days and 6.18 (95%CI:1.89-10.47) days, respectively. Conclusion: The estimated course of COVID-19 and related epidemiological parameters are similar to the existing data.
COVID-19 ; Cohort Studies ; Contact Tracing ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prospective Studies

Objective: To screen and analyze the mutations of MITF gene in two children of type Ⅱ Waardenburg syndrome (WS2) from different families in Yunnan,China,and to explore the possible molecular pathogenesis. Methods: With informed consent, medical history collection, physical examinations, audiological evaluation, and high resolution computer tomography (HRCT) scan of temporal bone were performed on the two WS2 probands and their family members. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of all individuals. The coding regions including all exons, part of introns and promoters of MITF, PAX3, SOX10, SNAI2, END3, ENDRB, and KITLG genes were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. According to the results of high-throughput sequencing, pathogenic mutations detected in the probands and their parents were verified by Sanger sequencing. Results: The proband 1 carried c.641_643delGAA mutation in the 7th exon of MITF gene, which was a frame-shift mutation resulting in an amino acid change of p.214delR. It was a de novo mutation as the parents of proband 1 showed no variation on this site. The proband 2 carried heterozygous loss of the large fragment ranging from exon 1 to exon 9 of MITF gene, which defected the function of MITF protein. Conclusion: Genetic examinations provide important evidence for diagnosis of Waardenburg syndrome. Heterozygous mutation c.641_643delGAA and heterozygous loss of the large fragment ranging from exon 1 to exon 9 of MITF gene might be the molecular pathogenesis of the two WS2 probands in this study.
Asians/genetics* ; Child ; China ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; SOXE Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Waardenburg Syndrome/genetics*