Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection is more likely to cause hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children, which can lead to neurogenic complications and higher mortality. As a commonly used clinical medicine, Reduning injection (RDN) helps to shorten the symptoms of patients with HFMD and facilitate the early recovery of children. However, the regulatory mechanism of RDN on the HFMD immune system disorder caused by EV71 remains to be discussed. This study collected detailed treatment data of 56 children with HFMD who entered the affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University during 2019. Retrospective analysis of clinical data showed that the symptoms of the RDN treatment group were improved compared with the untreated group. To explore its mechanism, the relevant detection indicators were detected by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative PCR. It was found that the number and function of innate immune (ILCs) and adaptive immunity (Th1, Th2 and secreted cytokines) were reduced, suggesting that RDN plays a role by regulating cellular immunity. The in vitro differentiation inhibition test further confirmed that RDN affected Th1 differentiation by inhibiting the expression of transcription factors on the basis of Th1 cell differentiation in vitro.

Objective: To explore the effects and related mechanism of heat-sensitive moxibustion plus clomifene citrate capsules for infertility due to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A total of 70 patients were randomized into a control group and an observation group by the random number table method, with 35 cases in each group. The control group was treated with clomifene citrate capsules, while the observation group was treated with heat-sensitive moxibustion on the basis of the medications in the control group. The treatment course lasted for 6 menstrual cycles. The endometrial thickness and ovarian volume of the patients were measured before and after treatment. The levels of serum sex hormones, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were detected. Follow-up was performed for 1 year after treatment, and the pregnancy rate was recorded. Results: After treatment, the endometrium of the patients in both groups was significantly thickened, the ovarian volume was significantly reduced, and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The endometrium thickness and ovarian volume in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group (both P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum testostrn (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in both groups decreased significantly, the level of estradiol (E2) increased obviously, and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The levels of serum T and LH in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the E2 level in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the between-group differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum TNF-α and NF-κB of the patients in both groups decreased, and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-α and NF-κB in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (both P<0.05). After 1-year follow-up, the pregnancy rate was 20.0％ in the control group, versus 51.5％ in the observation group. The pregnancy rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of heat-sensitive moxibustion plus clomifene citrate capsules can increase the endometrium thickness, reduce the ovarian volume, improve the status of serum sex hormone disorders, and increase the conception rate in patients with infertility due to PCOS, which may be related to the adjustment of the levels of immune inflammatory factors such as serum TNF-α and NF-κB.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a 48-week course of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) plus Chinese medicine (CM) therapy, namely Tiaogan Jianpi Hexue () and Tiaogan Jiedu Huashi () fomulae, in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive Chinese patients. METHODS: A total of 605 HBeAg-positive Chinese CHB patients were screened and 590 eligible participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups in 1:1 ratio including experimental group (EG, received ADV plus CM) and control group (CG, received ADV plus CM-placebo) for 48 weeks. The major study outcomes were the rates of HBeAg and HBV-DNA loss on week 12, 24, 36, 48, respectively. Secondary endpoints including liver functions (enzymes and bilirubin readings) were evaluated every 4 weeks at the beginning of week 24, 36, and 48. Routine blood, urine, and stool analyses in addition to electrocardiogram and abdominal B scan were monitored as safety evaluations. Adverse events (AEs) were documented. RESULTS: The combination therapy demonstrated superior HBeAg loss at 48 weeks, without additional AEs. The full analysis population was 560 and 280 in each group. In the EG, population achieved HBeAg loss on week 12, 24, 36, and 48 were 25 (8.90%), 34 (12.14%), 52 (18.57%), and 83 (29.64%), respectively; the equivalent numbers in the CG were 20 (7.14%), 41 (14.64%), 54 (19.29%), and 50 (17.86%), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between these group values on week 48 (P<0.01). No additional AEs were found in EG. Subgroup analysis suggested different outcomes among treatment patterns. CONCLUSION Combination of CM and ADV therapy demonstrated superior HBeAg clearance compared with ADV monotherapy. The finding indicates that this combination therapy may provide an improved therapeutic effect and safety profile (ChiCTR-TRC-11001263).
Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Organophosphonates ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current status of antibiotic use for very and extremely low birth weight (VLBW/ELBW) infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of Hunan Province. METHODS: The use of antibiotics was investigated in multiple level 3 NICUs of Hunan Province for VLBW and ELBW infants born between January, 2017 and December, 2017. RESULTS: The clinical data of 1 442 VLBW/ELBW infants were collected from 24 NICUs in 2017. The median antibiotic use duration was 17 days (range: 0-86 days), accounting for 53.0% of the total length of hospital stay. The highest duration of antibiotic use was up to 91.4% of the total length of hospital stay, with the lowest at 14.6%. In 16 out of 24 NICUs, the antibiotic use duration was accounted for more than 50.0% of the hospitalization days. There were 113 cases with positive bacterial culture grown in blood or cerebrospinal fluid, making the positive rate of overall bacterial culture as 7.84%. The positive rate of bacterial culture in different NICUs was significantly different from 0% to 14.9%. The common isolated bacterial pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae was 29 cases (25.7%); Escherichia coli 12 cases (10.6%); Staphylococcus aureus 3 cases (2.7%). The most commonly used antibiotics were third-generation of cephalosporins, accounting for 41.00% of the total antibiotics, followed by penicillins, accounting for 32.10%, and followed by carbapenems, accounting for 13.15%. The proportion of antibiotic use time was negatively correlated with birth weight Z-score and the change in weight Z-score between birth and hospital discharge (r=-0.095, -0.151 respectively, P<0.01), positively correlated with death/withdrawal of care (r=0.196, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics used for VLBW/ELBW infants in NICUs of Hunan Province are obviously prolonged in many NICUs. The proportion of routine use of third-generation of cephalosporins and carbapenems antibiotics is high among the NICUs.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Birth Weight ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To evaluate the impact of KIT D816 mutation on the salvage therapy in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21) translocation. Method: The characteristics of the first relapsed AML with t(8;21) translocation from 10 hospitals were retrospectively collected, complete remission (CR(2)) rate after one course salvage chemotherapy and the relationship between KIT mutation and CR(2) rate was analyzed. Results: 68 cases were enrolled in this study, and 30 cases (44.1%) achieved CR(2). All patients received KIT mutation detection, and KIT D816 mutation was identified in 26 cases. The KIT D816 positive group had significantly lower CR(2) compared with non-KIT D816 group (23.1% vs 57.1%, χ(2)=7.559, P=0.006), and patients with longer CR(1) duration achieved significantly higher CR(2) than those with CR(1) duration less than 12 months (74.1% vs 31.9%, χ(2)=9.192, P=0.002). KIT D816 mutation was tightly related to shorter CR(1) duration. No significant difference of 2 years post relapse survival was observed between KIT D816 mutation and non-KIT D816 mutation group. Conclusion: KIT D816 mutation at diagnosis was an adverse factor on the salvage therapy in relapsed AML with t(8;21) translocation, significantly related to shorter CR1 duration, and can be used for prediction of salvage therapy response. KIT D816 mutation could guide the decision-making of salvage therapy in relapsed AML with t(8;21) translocation.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Cytarabine ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Salvage Therapy

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most frequent pattern of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis and high mortality.Studies in recent years found that non-coding small RNA molecules (miRNA) were closely related to the clinical course of DCM.The present article made a review on the expression pattern of miRNA and development of DCM study.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the short-term efficacy of complete mesocolic excision (CME).

METHODSClinical data of 62 cases of colon cancer (I-III phase) with radical resection including CME surgery group of 31 cases and traditional surgery group of 31 cases from January 2011 to October 2011 in Peking University People's Hospital were retrospective analyzed.

RESULTSThe number of removed lymph node in CME and traditional resection group was 22.5±1.8 and 17.6±1.3 respectively (P<0.05) and the positive rate of lymph node in mesentery root was 9.7% (3/31) in CME surgery group. Operative blood loss was (123.5±17.6) ml and (143.5±15.3) ml in CME and traditional resection group without significant difference (P>0.05). Except for more abdominal drainage volume of 3 days post-operation in CME group (P<0.05), the postoperative recovery indicators of postoperative drainage tube removed time, exhaust time, eating time, and the socioeconomic effects indicators of postoperative hospitalization, hospitalization costs were not significantly different between two groups (all P>0.05). Postoperative intestinal obstruction occurred in 3 cases and 4 cases, lymph fistula in 2 cases and 0 case, wound dehiscence in 1 case and 1 case in CME group and traditional resection group respectively. Postoperative complication rate was not significantly different (19.4% vs. 16.1%, P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompared with traditional radical surgery, CME sweeps lymph nodes more thoroughly, including lymph nodes of mesocolic roots, and does not affect postoperative recovery and increase the risk of postoperative complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colonic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Male ; Mesocolon ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation and copy number are useful predictive markers that guide the selection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients for EGFR-targeting therapy. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between EGFR gene mutation and copy number and clinicopathologic characteristics of Chinese patients with NSCLC. NSCLC specimens collected from 205 patients between November 2009 and January 2011 were selected to detect EGFR gene mutations with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and to detect EGFR gene copy number with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). EGFR mutations primarily occurred in females, non-smokers, and patients with adenocarinomas (all P < 0.001). Tissues from 128 (62%) patients were FISH-positive for EGFR, including 37 (18%) with gene amplification and 91 (44%) with high polysomy. EGFR gene mutation was correlated with FISH-positive status (R = 0.340, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that not smoking (OR = 5.910, 95% CI = 2.363-14.779, P < 0.001) and having adenocarcinoma (OR = 0.122, 95% CI = 0.026-0.581, P = 0.008) were favorable factors for EGFR gene mutation. These results show a high frequency of EGFR FISH positivity in NSCLC tissues from Chinese patients and a significant relevance between EGFR gene mutations and FISH-positive status. Among the FISH-positive samples, EGFR gene mutation occurred more frequently in samples with gene amplification compared to those with high polysomy, suggesting that EGFR mutation and gene amplification should be used as clinical decision parameters to predict response to EGFR-targeting therapy.
Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Dosage ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Smoking

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the learning curve of complete mesocolic excision(CME) for colon cancer.

METHODSClinical data of 75 cases in whom CME was performed by a group of surgeons in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital from November 2009 to June 2011 were reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups(groups A, B, C, 25 cases in each group) by operative chronologic sequence.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in age, sex, preoperative staging, cancer location, operation history of abdomen, ASA among the three groups(P>0.05). The operative time in group A was (205.4 ± 53.2) min and decreased to (180.4 ± 29.7) min in group B and (169.8 ± 41.3) min in group C (P<0.05). The postoperative hospital stay decreased from (17.8 ± 10.9) d in group A to(12.9 ± 4.1) d in group B and(11.0 ± 3.5) d in group C(P<0.05). The postoperative complication rate decreased from 32%(8/25) in group A and 36%(9/25) to 8%(2/25) in group C. The specimen quality was superior in group C compared to group A (WEST grade C above were 20 and 11 respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in intraoperative bleeding, time to first flatus, postoperative fasting time, number of retrieved lymph nodes among the three groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONFrom the learning curve of CME, surgeons can learn CME skill after performing 25 cases.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colectomy ; education ; methods ; Colonic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Learning Curve ; Male ; Mesocolon ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of staurosporine (ST) on the proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cancer PC-3 cells.

METHODSProstate cancer PC-3 cells were treated in vitro with ST at 10(-8) mol/L. The expressions of cyclin A and cyclin D1 proteins in the cells were detected by Western blot, the effect of ST on the proliferation of the cells determined by MTT assay and plate colony formation, the apoptosis of the cells examined by flow cytometry, and their morphological changes observed under the light microscope.

RESULTSST treatment markedly decreased the expressions of cyclin A and cyclin D1 in the PC-3 cells, and significantly inhibited the growth of the PC-3 cells (19.35%) at 48 h. (F = 31.06, P < 0.01). The colony formation rate of the PC-3 cells was (37.10 +/- 3.43) % in the ST group, significantly lower than (64.80 +/- 4.34) % in the control (chi2 = 14.59, P < 0.05) and (62.80 +/- 4.36) % in the DMSO group (chi2 = 12.50, P < 0.05), while the apoptosis rate of the cells was remarkably higher in the ST group ([19.6 +/- 2.20] %) than in the control ([5.33 +/- 1.40] %) and the DMSO group ([5.50 +/- 0.96] %) (F = 104.36, P < 0.01). Under the light microscope, the ST-treated cells were round with indistinct margins as compared with those of the other two groups.

CONCLUSIONST could significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of PC-3 cells.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Staurosporine ; pharmacology