This study selected 6 529 plant-based Chinese materia medica(PCMM) from Chinese Materia Medica as research subjects and applied a random permutation test to explore the overall correlation characteristics between nature and flavor, as well as the correlation characteristics after distinguishing different medicinal parts and harvest seasons. The results showed that the overall correlation characteristics between nature and flavor in PCMM were significantly associated in the following pairs: cold and bitter, cool and bitter, cool and astringent, cool and light, neutral and sweet, neutral and astringent, neutral and light, neutral and sour, hot and pungent, and warm and pungent. When analyzing the data by distinguishing medicinal parts and/or harvest seasons, new correlation patterns emerged, characterized by the disappearance of some significant correlations and the emergence of new ones. When analyzing by medicinal parts alone, significant correlations were found in the following cases: cold and light in leaves, cold and salty in barks, cool and sweet in fruits and seeds, neutral and pungent in whole herbs, neutral and salty in stems, and warm and salty in flowers. However, no significant correlations were found between cool and bitter in stems and other types of herbs, cool and astringent in fruits, seeds, flowers, and other types of herbs, cool and light in leaves, fruits, seeds, barks, flowers and other types of herbs, neutral and sweet in barks, neutral and astringent in whole herbs and stems, neutral and light in leaves, fruits, seeds, and flowers, neutral and sour in whole herbs, stems, barks, flowers, and other types of herbs, and hot and pungent in whole herbs, stems, flowers, and other types of herbs. When analyzing by harvest season alone, significant correlations were found in the following cases: cold and salty, and cool and sour in herbs harvested in winter, and neutral and salty in herbs harvested year-round. However, no significant correlation was found between cool and light in herbs harvested in winter. When considering both medicinal parts and harvest seasons, compared to the independent influence of medicinal parts, 14 new significant correlations emerged(e.g., the correlation between cool and bitter in stems harvested in spring), while 53 previously significant correlations disappeared(e.g., the correlation between cool and bitter in barks harvested in summer). Compared to the independent influence of harvest seasons, 11 new significant correlations appeared(e.g., the correlation between cold and light in barks harvested in autumn), while 50 previously significant correlations disappeared(e.g., the correlation between hot and pungent in leaves harvested in winter). This study is the first to reveal the influence of medicinal parts and harvest seasons on the correlation between nature and flavor in PCMM, which highlights that these two factors can interact and jointly affect nature-flavor correlations. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms. This study provides a deeper understanding of the inherent scientific connotations of herbal properties and offers a theoretical foundation for the cultivation and harvesting of PCMM.
Seasons ; Plants, Medicinal/growth & development* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Taste

To clarify the species, pathogenicity, and distribution of the pathogens causing the root rot of Atractylodes lancea in Hubei province, the tissue separation method was used to isolate the pathogens from root rot samples in the main planting areas of A. lancea in Hubei. Based on the preliminary identification of the Fusarium genus by the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequence, three housekeeping genes, EF1/EF2, Btu-F-FO1/Btu-F-RO1, and FF1/FR1, were amplified and sequenced. Subsequently, a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on these TEF gene sequences to classify the pathogens. The pathogenicity of these strains was determined using the root irrigation method. A total of 194 pathogen strains were isolated using the tissue separation method. Molecular identification using the three housekeeping genes identified the pathogens as F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. commune, F. equiseti, F. tricinctum, F. redolens, F. fujikuroi, F. avenaceum, F. acuminatum, and F. incarnatum. Among them, F. solani and F. oxysporum were the dominant strains, widely distributed in multiple regions, with F. solani accounting for approximately 54% of the total isolated strains and F. oxysporum accounting for approximately 34%. Other strains accounted for a relatively small proportion, totaling approximately 12%. The results of pathogenicity determination showed that there were certain differences in pathogenicity among strains. The analysis of the pathogenicity differentiation of the widely distributed F. solani and F. oxysporum strains revealed that these dominant strains in Hubei were mainly highly pathogenic. This study determined the species, pathogenicity, and distribution of the pathogens causing the root rot of A. lancea in Hubei province. The results provide a scientific basis for further understanding the root rot of A. lancea and its epidemic occurrence and scientifically preventing and controlling this disease.
Plant Diseases/microbiology* ; Atractylodes/microbiology* ; Phylogeny ; Plant Roots/microbiology* ; Fusarium/classification* ; China ; Virulence ; Fungal Proteins/genetics*

The dried mature peel of Citrus reticulata, a plant in the Rutaceae family and its cultivated varieties, is a commonly used Chinese medicinal material known as Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). It is rich in nutritional components and medicinal value, with pharmacological effects including relieving cough and eliminating phlegm, strengthening the spleen and drying dampness, protecting the liver and benefiting the stomach, tonifying Qi, and calming the mind. Huanglongbing(HLB), also known as Citrus Huanglongbing, is a destructive disease in citrus production that seriously threatens the development of the citrus industry. HLB causes symptoms such as the inability of Rutaceae plants to produce mature fruit, gradual weakening of the tree, and eventual death, posing a significant threat to the yield and quality of Chenpi. Due to the uneven distribution of the HLB pathogen in infected plants, accurate detection of the pathogen requires the collection of a large number of plant samples. Current sample pretreatment methods, such as traditional extraction methods and commercial extraction kits, are time-consuming and involve multiple steps, which significantly increase the difficulty and workload of HLB diagnosis and have become a bottleneck in HLB detection. In this study, a rapid high-throughput detection method combining alkali lysis and TaqMan qPCR was developed. This method allows the pretreatment of multiple samples within 5 min, and the entire detection process can be completed within 45 min, with a detection limit of 6.67 fg·μL~(-1). The alkali lysis method and commercial kits were used for parallel detection of field-collected citrus samples, and the results showed no significant difference. The sample pretreatment method established in this study is characterized by low cost, simplicity, and high efficiency. Combined with TaqMan qPCR, it can provide technical support for early and on-site diagnosis of HLB. This method is of great significance for disease prevention and control in the citrus industry and is expected to help improve the yield and quality of citrus medicinal materials.
Citrus/microbiology* ; Plant Diseases/microbiology* ; Rhizobiaceae/physiology* ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods* ; Liberibacter/physiology*

Objective:To develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based platelet review strategy to identify abnormal platelet histograms with no significant difference between initial impedance platelet count (PLT-I) and PLT-F results.Methods:This study included 5 119 routine blood analysis in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University and its Ganzhou branch from July 2023 and March 2024. Specimens exhibiting abnormal platelet histograms and an initial platelet count >40×10?/L underwent review using the fluorescent platelet count (PLT-F) channel. Consistency of the results was defined as a difference between impedance platelet count (PLT-I) and PLT-F less than ±20% of the PLT-F results. A deep learning model was developed using platelet and red blood cell histogram data from a training set of 3 807 specimens. The model′s diagnostic performance was evaluated on an independent external validation set ( n=805) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Changes in the number of reviewed samples and sample turnaround time were analyzed to assess its clinical utility. Results:The deep learning model based on platelet and red blood cell histograms achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.854 in the training set. At a cutoff value of 0.1, the sensitivity was 0.954 and specificity was 0.358. The model could reduce review by 16.80% (190/1 131). In the validation set, the AUC was 0.805, with a sensitivity of 0.955 and specificity of 0.307, corresponding to a reduction of 17.41% (47/270) in reviewed specimens.Conclusion:The platelet review prediction model developed based on deep learning technology can efficiently identify samples with consistent results before and after review, reducing unnecessary reviews and shortening specimen testing time, thereby improving the efficiency of platelet test.

Aim To investigate the effects of tran-scription factor FoxO1 on acute kidney injury(AKI)induced by ischemic reperfusion injury(IRI)and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:Sham,IRI,FoxO1 inducible cell-specific knockout(FoxO1 icKO),and IRI+FoxO1 icKO.Tamoxifen(25 mg·kg-1)was intraperitoneally injec-ted to specifically knock out FoxO1 in mouse macro-phages,and a unilateral renal IRI model was estab-lished.The levels of serum creatinine(Scr),blood u-rea nitrogen(BUN),Fe2+,malondialdehyde(MDA),reactive oxygen species(ROS),and reduced glutathi-one(GSH)in renal tissues were detected.Hematoxy-lin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the patho-logical changes in renal tissues.Quantitative polymer-ase chain reaction(qPCR)was used to detect the mR-NA levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and MCP1 in renal tissues.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis and ferroptosis-relat-ed proteins.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of Scr and BUN in the IRI group were significantly upregulated,the infiltration of inflammato-ry factors IL-1β,TNF-α and MCP1 increased,the pro-tein expressions of Bax/Bc12,cleaved-caspase-3/caspase-3,cytochrome C,and FTH1 in renal tissues were significantly enhanced,while the expression of GPX4 decreased.In addition,the levels of Fe2+,MDA and ROS in the renal cortex of the IRI group signifi-cantly increased,and the level of GSH markedly de-creased(P＜0.05).Compared with the IRI group,the levels of Scr and BUN in the FoxO1 icKO group were significantly reduced,the infiltration of inflammatory factors was alleviated,the expression of apoptosis-relat-ed proteins in renal tissue decreased,the expression level of ferroptosis protein GPX4 increased,and the ex-pression of FTH1 decreased.The levels of Fe2+,MDA and ROS in the renal cortex decreased,and the level of GSH significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Inducing the specific knockout of FoxO1 in macro-phages can alleviate AKI induced by IRI,and its mech-anism may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis caused by IRI by FoxO1.

Aim To investigate the effects of tran-scription factor FoxO1 on acute kidney injury(AKI)induced by ischemic reperfusion injury(IRI)and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:Sham,IRI,FoxO1 inducible cell-specific knockout(FoxO1 icKO),and IRI+FoxO1 icKO.Tamoxifen(25 mg·kg-1)was intraperitoneally injec-ted to specifically knock out FoxO1 in mouse macro-phages,and a unilateral renal IRI model was estab-lished.The levels of serum creatinine(Scr),blood u-rea nitrogen(BUN),Fe2+,malondialdehyde(MDA),reactive oxygen species(ROS),and reduced glutathi-one(GSH)in renal tissues were detected.Hematoxy-lin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the patho-logical changes in renal tissues.Quantitative polymer-ase chain reaction(qPCR)was used to detect the mR-NA levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and MCP1 in renal tissues.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis and ferroptosis-relat-ed proteins.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of Scr and BUN in the IRI group were significantly upregulated,the infiltration of inflammato-ry factors IL-1β,TNF-α and MCP1 increased,the pro-tein expressions of Bax/Bc12,cleaved-caspase-3/caspase-3,cytochrome C,and FTH1 in renal tissues were significantly enhanced,while the expression of GPX4 decreased.In addition,the levels of Fe2+,MDA and ROS in the renal cortex of the IRI group signifi-cantly increased,and the level of GSH markedly de-creased(P＜0.05).Compared with the IRI group,the levels of Scr and BUN in the FoxO1 icKO group were significantly reduced,the infiltration of inflammatory factors was alleviated,the expression of apoptosis-relat-ed proteins in renal tissue decreased,the expression level of ferroptosis protein GPX4 increased,and the ex-pression of FTH1 decreased.The levels of Fe2+,MDA and ROS in the renal cortex decreased,and the level of GSH significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Inducing the specific knockout of FoxO1 in macro-phages can alleviate AKI induced by IRI,and its mech-anism may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis caused by IRI by FoxO1.

Objective:To develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based platelet review strategy to identify abnormal platelet histograms with no significant difference between initial impedance platelet count (PLT-I) and PLT-F results.Methods:This study included 5 119 routine blood analysis in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University and its Ganzhou branch from July 2023 and March 2024. Specimens exhibiting abnormal platelet histograms and an initial platelet count >40×10?/L underwent review using the fluorescent platelet count (PLT-F) channel. Consistency of the results was defined as a difference between impedance platelet count (PLT-I) and PLT-F less than ±20% of the PLT-F results. A deep learning model was developed using platelet and red blood cell histogram data from a training set of 3 807 specimens. The model′s diagnostic performance was evaluated on an independent external validation set ( n=805) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Changes in the number of reviewed samples and sample turnaround time were analyzed to assess its clinical utility. Results:The deep learning model based on platelet and red blood cell histograms achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.854 in the training set. At a cutoff value of 0.1, the sensitivity was 0.954 and specificity was 0.358. The model could reduce review by 16.80% (190/1 131). In the validation set, the AUC was 0.805, with a sensitivity of 0.955 and specificity of 0.307, corresponding to a reduction of 17.41% (47/270) in reviewed specimens.Conclusion:The platelet review prediction model developed based on deep learning technology can efficiently identify samples with consistent results before and after review, reducing unnecessary reviews and shortening specimen testing time, thereby improving the efficiency of platelet test.

Further evidence is needed to explore the impact of high-altitude environments on the neurologic function of neonates.Non-invasive techniques such as cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography can provide data on cerebral oxygenation and brain electrical activity.This study will conduct multiple cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography monitoring sessions at various time points within the first 3 days postpartum for healthy full-term neonates at different altitudes.The obtained data on cerebral oxygenation and brain electrical activity will be compared between different altitudes,and corresponding reference ranges will be established.The study involves 6 participating centers in the Chinese High Altitude Neonatal Medicine Alliance,with altitude gradients divided into 4 categories:800 m,1 900 m,2 400 m,and 3 500 m,with an anticipated sample size of 170 neonates per altitude gradient.This multicenter prospective cohort study aims to provide evidence supporting the impact of high-altitude environments on early brain function and metabolism in neonates.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(4):403-409]

italic>Lamiophlomis rotata is an important medicinal plant species endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, which is prone to strong climate change impacts on its habitable range due to the high sensitivity of the Tibetan Plateau to climate change. Accurate quantification of species vulnerability to climate change is essential for assessing species extinction risk and developing effective conservation strategies. Therefore, we carried out the α-shape analysis to determine the habitat of L. rotata. We then carried out the climate-niche factor analysis (CNFA) to assess the vulnerability of L. rotata to climate change based on five climate variables (i.e., mean diurnal range, temperature seasonality, mean temperature of warmest quarter, precipitation of driest month and precipitation of warmest quarter) in the context of two shared socioeconomic pathways (i.e., SSP126 and SSP585) and three global climate models (CMCC-ESM2: Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici-Earth System Model version 2; HadGEM3-GC31-LL: Hadley Global Environment Model version 3-Global Coupled configuration 3.1; IPSL-CM6A-LR: Institut Pierre Simon Laplace-Climate Model version 6) during two different periods (2041-2060 and 2081-2100). The vulnerability of L. rotata to climate change was calculated by integrating the sensitivity and exposure indices of L. rotata to five climate variables. The results showed that L. rotata had the highest vulnerability to the precipitation of warmest quarter. Its vulnerability within its habitat range generally showed a spatial pattern of high value in the southern region and low in the northern region, high in the western region and low in the eastern region. In general, the vulnerability of L. rotata under the SSP585 scenario was higher than that under the SSP126 scenario. The climate data of different global climate models have some influence on the results, while the resulted uncertainty can be reduced by data integration methods. As a result of climate change, the pressure on the survival of L. rotata in the future will be intensified in the low-altitude areas such as the Yarlung Zangbo River, Yigongzangbu River, Zayu River, and Jiaomuzu River, etc., while the highly weathered scree flats or stony alpine meadows in the high-altitude zones, such as the eastern Tanggula Mountain Range, the northern part of Hengduan Mountain Range, and the western part of the Qinling Mountains, may become its refuge. It is necessary to focus on and strengthen the protection and management of L. rotata resources in these vulnerble and critical areas.

Kidney ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) with a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Recent studies have reported that chrysophanol may have a renal protective effect, but its specific impact and mechanism on IRI remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of chrysophanol on AKI induced by IRI. By utilizing a unilateral kidney IRI mouse model, histopathological changes in the kidney, serum levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen, and protein expressions of apoptosis and mitophagy in kidney tissue were examined. Additionally, a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model of human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells was established to measure mitochondrial membrane potential levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Functional enrichment analysis was performed to screen relevant targets of chrysophanol and AKI, and to verify key targets and pathways. The animal experiments conducted in this study were ethically approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Peking University (No. LA2021503). The findings indicate that the IRI group exhibited elevated levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen in serum, significant renal tissue damage, and increased expression of renal injury markers (KIM1), apoptosis-related proteins (cleaved-caspase 3, caspase 3, cytochrome C), and mitochondrial autophagy protein (PINK1) compared to the sham surgery group. Chrysophanol treatment ameliorated the aforementioned pathological changes in a dose-dependent manner in an IRI model. Additionally, it exhibited significant improvements in mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibition of ROS production in HK-2 cells subjected to H/R conditions. Through network pharmacological analysis, HSP90AA1 and PIK3R1 were identified as key targets primarily enriched in the phosphoinositide 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) validation confirmed that chrysophanol significantly decreased HSP90AA1 and PIK3R1 mRNA levels in HK-2 cells under H/R conditions, while also enhancing the protein expressions of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, and Akt. In conclusion, chrysophanol has the potential to enhance AKI by selectively modulating HSP90AA1 and PIK3R1, activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, decreasing apoptosis, regulating mitochondrial autophagy, enhancing mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppressing ROS production. These findings suggest that chrysophanol could serve as a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of AKI.