To clarify the species, pathogenicity, and distribution of the pathogens causing the root rot of Atractylodes lancea in Hubei province, the tissue separation method was used to isolate the pathogens from root rot samples in the main planting areas of A. lancea in Hubei. Based on the preliminary identification of the Fusarium genus by the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequence, three housekeeping genes, EF1/EF2, Btu-F-FO1/Btu-F-RO1, and FF1/FR1, were amplified and sequenced. Subsequently, a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on these TEF gene sequences to classify the pathogens. The pathogenicity of these strains was determined using the root irrigation method. A total of 194 pathogen strains were isolated using the tissue separation method. Molecular identification using the three housekeeping genes identified the pathogens as F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. commune, F. equiseti, F. tricinctum, F. redolens, F. fujikuroi, F. avenaceum, F. acuminatum, and F. incarnatum. Among them, F. solani and F. oxysporum were the dominant strains, widely distributed in multiple regions, with F. solani accounting for approximately 54% of the total isolated strains and F. oxysporum accounting for approximately 34%. Other strains accounted for a relatively small proportion, totaling approximately 12%. The results of pathogenicity determination showed that there were certain differences in pathogenicity among strains. The analysis of the pathogenicity differentiation of the widely distributed F. solani and F. oxysporum strains revealed that these dominant strains in Hubei were mainly highly pathogenic. This study determined the species, pathogenicity, and distribution of the pathogens causing the root rot of A. lancea in Hubei province. The results provide a scientific basis for further understanding the root rot of A. lancea and its epidemic occurrence and scientifically preventing and controlling this disease.
Plant Diseases/microbiology* ; Atractylodes/microbiology* ; Phylogeny ; Plant Roots/microbiology* ; Fusarium/classification* ; China ; Virulence ; Fungal Proteins/genetics*

Objective Recombinase-aided polymerase chain reaction(RAP)is a sensitive,single-tube,two-stage nucleic acid amplification method.This study aimed to develop an assay that can be used for the early diagnosis of three types of bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus(SA),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA),and Acinetobacter baumannii(AB)in the bloodstream based on recombinant human mannan-binding lectin protein(M1 protein)-conjugated magnetic bead(M1 bead)enrichment of pathogens combined with RAP. Methods Recombinant plasmids were used to evaluate the assay sensitivity.Common blood influenza bacteria were used for the specific detection.Simulated and clinical plasma samples were enriched with M1 beads and then subjected to multiple recombinase-aided PCR(M-RAP)and quantitative PCR(qPCR)assays.Kappa analysis was used to evaluate the consistency between the two assays. Results The M-RAP method had sensitivity rates of 1,10,and 1 copies/μL for the detection of SA,PA,and AB plasmids,respectively,without cross-reaction to other bacterial species.The M-RAP assay obtained results for<10 CFU/mL pathogens in the blood within 4 h,with higher sensitivity than qPCR.M-RAP and qPCR for SA,PA,and AB yielded Kappa values of 0.839,0.815,and 0.856,respectively(P<0.05). Conclusion An M-RAP assay for SA,PA,and AB in blood samples utilizing M1 bead enrichment has been developed and can be potentially used for the early detection of bacteremia.

Objective:To investigate the effects of continuous blood purification (CBP) on mitochondrial function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and clinical prognosis of patients with traumatic sepsis.Methods:A prospective cohort study was used to analyze the clinical data of 90 patients with traumatic sepsis admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Shaoxing People′s Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024. Based on standard operating procedures (SOP), patients were divided into CBP group and non-CBP group according to whether they received CBP treatment. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V, levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in the mononuclear cells on ICU admission and at 12, 24 and 48 hours after treatment were compared between the two groups. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score on ICU admission and at 48 hours after treatment were detected in the two groups. The length of ICU stay, total length of hospital stay and 28-day mortality after ICU admission were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 90 patients with traumatic sepsis were included, comprising 56 males and 34 females, aged 18-82 years [51.3(38.7, 70.6)years], with injury severity score (ISS) of 16-54 points [36.2(17.0, 53.6)points]. There were 52 patients in the CBP group and 38 in the non-CBP group. All the patients were followed up for 7-14 days [10.0(8.0, 12.0)days]. On ICU admission, the mtDNA copy number was 638.5±124.0 in the CBP group and 634.7±122.1 in the non-CBP group ( P>0.05). At 12, 24 and 48 hours after treatment, the mtDNA copy number in the CBP group was 564.2±105.6, 415.7±83.5 and 303.7±77.0 respectively, significantly lower than 622.9±120.2, 581.5±113.6, 530.7±97.8 in the non-CBP group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). At 12, 24 and 48 hours after treatment, the mtDNA copy number in both groups continued to decrease compared with that on ICU admission ( P<0.05). On ICU admission, the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅴ was (74.0±26.0)pg/ml in the CBP group and (72.8±25.3)pg/ml in the non-CBP group ( P>0.05); at 12, 24 and 48 hours after treatment, it was (69.4±24.2)pg/ml, (78.3±26.8)pg/ml and (91.5±33.5)pg/ml respectively in the CBP group, significantly higher than (65.3±23.6)pg/ml, (60.7±19.4)pg/ml and (53.8±16.9)pg/ml in the non-CBP group ( P<0.05 or 0.01); at 12 hours after treatment, it was decreased in both groups compared with that on ICU admission ( P<0.05); at 24 and 48 hours after treatment, it was gradually increased in the CBP group compared with those on ICU admission and at 12 hours after treatment ( P<0.05), while in the non-CBP group, it continued to decrease ( P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 on ICU admission were (51.6±17.1)pg/ml, (174.1±57.3)pg/ml and (67.6±16.2)pg/ml respectively in the CBP group and (49.5±16.7)pg/ml, (177.8±58.7)pg/ml and (65.7±16.6)pg/ml respectively in the non-CBP group ( P>0.05). At 12, 24 and 48 hours after treatment, the levels of TNF-α in the CBP group were (43.6±15.6)pg/ml, (29.4±12.5)pg/ml and (26.2±10.6)pg/ml respectively, the IL-6 levels were (122.4±41.7)pg/ml, (90.6±33.1)pg/ml, (75.6±24.7)pg/ml respectively and the IL-10 levels were (72.6±18.1)pg/ml, (80.7±20.6)pg/ml, (86.2±22.9)pg/ml respectively, which were significantly lower than (48.8±16.2)pg/ml, (46.5±15.5)pg/ml, (40.0±14.2)pg/ml at 12 hours after treatment, (168.4±51.6)pg/ml, (131.5±42.7)pg/ml, (112.7±35.8)pg/ml at 24 hours after treatment, and (78.6±19.3)pg/ml, (91.1±23.8)pg/ml, (99.4±26.6)pg/ml at 48 hours after treatment in the non-CBP group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). At 12, 24 and 48 hours after treatment, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in both groups continued to decrease, while the levels of IL-10 continued to increase compared with those on ICU admission ( P<0.05). On ICU admission, the APACHE Ⅱ and SOFA scores were (20.6±10.5)points and (6.2±1.9)points in the CBP group and (21.2±11.2)points and (6.7±2.1)points in the non-CBP group ( P>0.05). At 48 hours after treatment, the APACHE Ⅱ and SOFA scores were (13.5±6.6)points and (2.7±0.6)points in the CBP group, which were significantly lower than (18.3±9.3)points and (5.3±1.5)points in the non-CBP group ( P<0.01). At 48 hours after treatment, the APACHE II and SOFA scores in both groups were significantly decreased compared with those on ICU admission ( P<0.05 or 0.01). The length of ICU stay, total length of hospital stay and 28-day mortality after ICU admission were (13.0±5.7)days, (20.4±8.6)days and 19.2% (10/52) respectively, which were significantly shorter and smaller than (17.6±6.6)days, (26.5±9.4)days and 31.6% (12/38) in the non-CBP group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions:CBP treatment may reduce the release of mtDNA by alleviating the mitochondrial damage of the mononuclear cells in patients with traumatic sepsis so that the release of inflammatory factors and cellular apoptosis is reduced, and improve the state of cell energy metabolism and cellular immune function by increasing the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V in the mononuclear cells, and participate in the reconstruction of immune homeostasis of the body so the inflammatory state and clinical prognosis of the patients are improved.

Objective To explore the effect of Mongolian medicine Naru-3 pills on the treatment of neuropathic pain(NP)with pregabalin combined with nerve block.Methods Forty-one hospitalized pa-tients in the department of pain medicine diagnosed with NP from October 2022 to September 2023 were se-lected,including 20 males and 21 females,aged 40-80 years,BMI≥18.5 kg/m2.The patients were di-vided into two groups by random number table method:Mongolian medicine Naru-3 pills group(observation group,n=20)and conventional treatment group(control group,n=21).The control group received conventional treatment:oral pregabalin capsule combined with ultrasound-guided nerve block in pain area.The observation group was added oral administration of Mongolian medicine Naru-3 pills(2 g/10 capsules)on the basis of conventional treatment,taking 3-5 capsules orally before going to bed every night for 2 weeks.The numerical rating scale(NRS)pain score,short-form McGill pain questionnaire(SF-MPQ)score,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)were recorded before treatment and 2 weeks,1 month,and 2 months after the treatment.The serum concentrations of IL-6,IL-8,IL-1β,and TNF-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)1 day before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment.Occur-rence of adverse reactions during treatment such as nausea,vomiting,bloating,palpitations,drowsiness,and dizziness were recorded.Results Compared with 1 day before treatment,NRS pain score,SF-MPQ score,and PSQI were lower in both groups 2 weeks,1 month,and 2 months after the treatment(P＜0.05),the serum concentrations of IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α were reduced in both groups 2 weeks after the treatment(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,NRS pain score,SF-MPQ score,and PSQI were lower in the observation group 2 weeks,1 month,and 2 months after the treatment(P＜0.05);the serum concentrations of IL-6,IL-1 β,and TNF-α were reduced in the observation group 2 weeks after the treatment(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups.Conclusion Mongolian Naru-3 pills combined with conventional therapy can effectively reduce the pain of NP patients,improve the quality of sleep of patients,and may have the effect of regulating neuroinflammation.

A 41-year-old male was presented with rapidly progression memory impairment for 2 months and episodic limb shaking for 2 weeks as the main manifestations.Physical examination showed verbal disadvantage with decreased memory,attention,comprehension,and orientation.Serum vitamin B12 levels decreased,serum anti gastric parietal cell antibodies and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies were positive.Blood analysis showed macrocytic anemia,neuropsychological scale showed functional impairment in multiple cognitive domains,electrophysiological examination showed peripheral nerve damage,cerebrospinal fluid and imaging examination showed no abnormalities.The patient was diagnosed as having vitamin B12 deficiency dementia,vitamin B12 deficiency related involuntary movement and pernicious anemia.Supplementing with B vitamins and folic acid significantly improved cognitive impairment and eliminated symptoms of limb shaking.The purpose of this case report is to enhance the understanding of clinical doctors about dementia and involunting movement caused by vitamin B12 deficiency,in order to diagnose and treat it early.

Humans ; Uric Acid ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Risk Factors

Nitrogen fertilizers play an important role in the regulation of plant stress resistance. Impacts of nitrogen fertilizers on abiotic stress resistance and biotic stress resistance of Chinese materia medica(CMM) were summarized in this study. Adequate nitrogen application improves the abiotic stress resistance and weed resistance of CMM, however adverse effect appears when excess nitrogen is used. Generally, pest resistance decreases along with nitrogen deposition, while effects of nitrogen application on disease resistance vary with different diseases. Mechanisms underlying the impact of nitrogen fertilizers on plant stress resistance were also elucidated in this study from three aspects including physical defense mechanisms, biochemistry mechanisms and molecular defense mechanisms. Nitrogen availability modulates physical barrier of CMM like plant growth, formation of lignin and wax cuticle, and density of stomata. Growth of CMM promoted by nitrogen fertilizer may cause some decrease in pest resistance of CMM due to an increase in hiding places for pest along with plant growth. High ambient humidity caused by excessive plant growth facilitates the growth and development of CMM pathogen. Nitrogen application can also interfere with the accumulation of lignin in CMM which makes CMM more vulnerable to pest and pathogen attack. Stomatal closing delays due to nitrogen application is also a causal factor of increasing pathogen infection after nitrogen deposition. Biochemical defenses of plants are mainly achieved through nutrient elements, secondary metabolites, defense-related enzymes and proteins. Nutritional level of CMM and various antioxidant enzymes and resistance-related protein activities are elevated along with nitrogen deposition. These antioxidant enzymes can reduce the damage of reactive oxygen species content produced by plant in response to adversity and therefore enhance stress resistance of CMM. Researches showed that nitrogen application could also cause an increase in nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites content and a decrease in non-nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites content respectively. Nitrogen-mediated molecular defense mechanisms includes multiple plant hormones and nitric oxide signals. Plant hormones related to plant defense like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid can be modulated by nitrogen application. Negative effect of nitrogen deposition was found on salicylic acid accumulation and the expression of related plant disease resistance genes. However, jasmonic acid level can be elevated by nitrogen. Nitric oxide signals constitute an important part of nitrogen mediated defense mechanisms. Nitric oxide signaling is related to many aspects of plant immunity. The roles of nitrogen fertilizers in CMM stress resistance are complex and may vary with different CMM varieties and environments. Further studies are urgently needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how to improve stress resistance of CMM by using fertilizers.
Abscisic Acid ; China ; Materia Medica ; Nitrogen ; Plant Growth Regulators

The study is aimed through field experiments to study the effect of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on the growth and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza, provide ideas for reducing fertilization while increasing the efficiency as well as improving the quality of produces. The experiment included 6 treatments viz., no fertilization(CK), full application of chemical fertilizer(F), 25% orga-nic fertilizer with 75% chemical fertilizer(M25), 50% organic fertilizer with 50% chemical fertilizer(M50), 75% organic fertilizer with 25% chemical fertilizer(M75), and fully apply organic fertilizer(M100). The results showed that:(1)from the perspective of yield and economic benefits, M75 was the best and M100 second;(2)for effective components, the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers increased the content of main water-soluble components and the total content of effective components, among which M25 and M50 were better.
Agriculture ; Fertilizers/analysis* ; Nitrogen ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; Soil

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect and adverse reactions of Strychnos nux-vomica in bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN) of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS: A total of 19 MM patients with BIPN were enrolled and Nux Vomica Capsule (NVC, 0.4 g, thrice daily) were orally administrated for 30 days. Comparative analysis on parameters between pre- and post-therapy, including peripheral neuropathy (PN) grade, neurotoxicity score, Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome score, total neuropathy score (TNS), coagulation function, and serum nerve growth factor (NGF) levels were conducted. The adverse events were monitored. RESULTS: In BIPN of MM patients who received NVC, PN grade was lowered, neurotoxicity score was obviously decreased (P⩽0.01), and both CM syndrome score and TNS were remarkably decreased (P<0.01). After the therapy, activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged (P<0.01) and fibrinogen was declined (P<0.05), showing improvement in the hypercoagulable state of patients. No significant difference of NGF recovery degrees was detected between pre- and post-therapy (P>0.05). No evident adverse reactions were observed during the course of treatment. CONCLUSION Strychnos nux-vomica L. has significantly effect with a good safety in treatment of BIPN in MM patients.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of sacral neuromodulation(SNM)therapy for the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction(LUTD)in elderly patients.Methods:Clinical data of 91 elderly patients with LUTD from multiple medical institutions who received SNM during the period from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into four groups: the interstitial cystitis(IC)group(n=28), the neurogenic bladder(NB)group(n=36), the overactive bladder syndrome(OAB)group(n=13)and the idiopathic dysuria(ID)group(n=14). Different sets of evaluation parameters were used for different diseases.Patients’ baseline data and data in stage I(test phase)and stage Ⅱ(permanent SNM)were recorded, statistically analyzed and compared.Results:Ninety-one people underwent SNM treatment.Of them, 53 patients received permanent implants(stage Ⅱ), and the total conversion rate of stage I to stage Ⅱ was 58.2%(53/91). Patients receiving permanent implants(stage Ⅱ)had a preoperative period ranging from 3 months to 30 years, and were followed up for 2 to 58 months after treatment, with an average follow-up of 19.6 months.The improvement rates in stage I for urinary urgency, daily urination frequency, daily nocturnal urination frequency, maximum urine volume, daily average urine volume, daily urine leakage frequency, and quality of life score were 35.4%, 31.6%, 33.7%, 32.6%, 49.2%, 43.2% and 13.2%, respectively.The improvement rates in stage Ⅱ for urinary urgency, daily urination frequency, daily nocturnal urination frequency, maximum urine volume, daily average urine volume, daily urine leakage frequency, and quality of life score were 43.2%, 40.0%, 37.8%, 50.5%, 70.5%, 70.4% and 43.2%, respectively.Three adverse events occurred, including 1 case of recurrent symptoms, 1 case of moderate infection, and 1 case of electrical lead dislocation.Conclusions:Sacral nerve stimulation has definitive and consistent curative effects on LUTD in elderly people.The follow-up time should be extended to further study the safety of sacral nerve stimulation.