Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by progressive scarring of the lung parenchyma,often result ing in death from respiratory failure in its terminal stages,with a median survival of only 3 to 5 years.Experimental models are essential tools for investigating the pathogenesis of IPF,screening potential drugs,and evaluating therapeutic efficacy.In addition to animal and cell models,the recent development of precision medicine and multi-omics technologies has increased attention on the need to establish models that integrate traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes with disease patterns,as well as emerging organoid models.IPF experimental models have evolved from simulating a single pathological aspect to multidimensional models that integrate genetic heterogeneity,microenvironment interactions,and the TCM pathophysiological mechanisms of"phlegm,stasis,deficiency,and collateral damage".This systematic review considers the strategies used to construct IPF experimental models,the detection indicators,TCM syndrome research,and evaluation systems,with the aim of providing a reference for IPF-related research.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by progressive scarring of the lung parenchyma,often result ing in death from respiratory failure in its terminal stages,with a median survival of only 3 to 5 years.Experimental models are essential tools for investigating the pathogenesis of IPF,screening potential drugs,and evaluating therapeutic efficacy.In addition to animal and cell models,the recent development of precision medicine and multi-omics technologies has increased attention on the need to establish models that integrate traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes with disease patterns,as well as emerging organoid models.IPF experimental models have evolved from simulating a single pathological aspect to multidimensional models that integrate genetic heterogeneity,microenvironment interactions,and the TCM pathophysiological mechanisms of"phlegm,stasis,deficiency,and collateral damage".This systematic review considers the strategies used to construct IPF experimental models,the detection indicators,TCM syndrome research,and evaluation systems,with the aim of providing a reference for IPF-related research.

BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis is often accompanied by sarcopenia and an increased risk of fractures from falls.Recent studies have indicated a close relationship between lipid metabolism and sarcopenia.Abnormal lipid metabolism may directly impact muscle physiological function and metabolism. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between lipid metabolism and sarcopenia and evaluate their causal relationship using Mendelian randomization. METHODS:Mendelian randomization was used to explore the causal relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglycerides,and muscle mass.Research data from genome-wide association studies were used and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to verify the reliability of the results.Approximate indicators of muscle mass,including trunk lean mass and appendicular lean mass,were used as outcome measures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The study found a negative correlation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides with muscle mass,while no correlation was observed between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and muscle mass.The results of the sensitivity analysis indicated a robust causal relationship.Using Mendelian randomization,this study provides evidence of a causal relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and muscle mass.This finding deepens our understanding of the effects of lipids on sarcopenia and has important clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and osteoporosis.