Objective To compare cortical inhibition(CI)function between patients with schizophrenia and depression,and to explore the correlation between CI function and clinical symptoms.Methods A total of 35 first episode schizophrenia(FES)patients,41 depression patients(21 with first episode depression,20 with recurrent depression),and 35 healthy controls(HC)were recruited.The positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS)was used to assess symptoms in FES patients,while the 17-item Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-17)and Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)were used to assess symptoms in depression patients.All participants'cortical inhibition and excitation measures were examined using single or paired pulses transcranial magnetic stimulation.Analysis of covariance/generalized linear model was employed to compare cortical inhibition and excitation measures among groups including age,gender,and medication status as covariates.The correlations between cortical inhibition and excitation measures and clinical symptoms were analyzed.Results The cortical silent period(CSP)in FES group was longer than that in control group and depression group[(92.08±35.43)ms vs.(70.27±22.12)ms vs.(70.81±29.29)ms,P<0.05].Depression group was further divided into first episode depression(FED)and recurrent depression(RD)subgroups.The short-interval cortical inhibition(SICI)was weaker in FED group than in the RD group and the control group(0.76±0.44 vs.0.43±0.32 vs.0.45±0.20,P<0.05).In FED group,CSP was negatively correlated with the general symptom score of PANSS(r=-0.544,P<0.001),and SICI was negatively correlated with the negative symptom score of PANSS(r=-0.501,P=0.005).In the FED group,SICI was positively correlated with HAMD-17 score(r=0.605,P=0.028).Conclusion Both FES patients and FED patients exhibit abnormal CI.There are distinct characteristics between FES and FED.FES patients exhibit prolonged CSP,while FED patients exhibit decreased SICI.The abnormal CI in FES and FED are correlated with their clinical symptoms.

BACKGROUND:Our previous studies found that the polypeptide of Cornus cervi Colla can promote bone growth,which has a good application prospect in the treatment of bone diseases.However,how Cornus cervi Colla works in the body and the principle are not clear. OBJECTIVE:To study the in vivo distribution and tracing of Cornus cervi Colla using fluorescence labeling and tracer technique. METHODS:Cornus cervi Colla was fluorescently labeled using fluorescein isothiocyanate,and the labeling results were detected by fluorescence imaging and UV spectral scanning.Successfully labeled Cornus cervi Colla was injected into mice by gavage,and the absorption of Cornus cervi Colla into blood was detected by laser confocal microscopy,and the distribution of Cornus cervi Colla in mice was detected by small animal in vivo imager.The distribution of Cornus cervi Colla in the mice was detected by laser confocal microscopy.Samples were taken from serum and bone at the time of the strongest fluorescence,and gel electrophoresis was carried out on serum and bone tissue protein solutions,and the components of Cornus cervi Colla absorbed into target organs were determined by secondary mass spectrometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The fluorescent markers were successfully separated by dextran gel chromatography,and the fluorescence imaging and ultraviolet spectrum scanning proved that the labeling was successful,and the fluorescence substitution degree of FITC-labeled Cornus cervi Colla was 0.953%.The fluorescence intensity of the components of Cornus cervi Colla in the blood showed that Cornus cervi Colla was most distributed in serum after oral administration for 2 hours.The fluorescence images of mice at different times were the same as those of bilateral femur and tibia,indicating that Cornus cervi Colla could play a role by entering the bone.Compared with UniProt database,secondary mass spectrometry showed that the peptide was a characteristic fragment of decorin.It is proved that decorin in Cornus cervi Colla can enter the bone to play a therapeutic role.

Glutamate receptor-like (GLR) is an important class of Ca²⁺ channel proteins, playing important roles in plant growth and development as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this paper, we performed genome-wide identification of banana GLR gene family based on banana genomic data. Moreover, we analyzed the basic physicochemical properties, gene structure, conserved motifs, promoter cis-acting elements, evolutionary relationships, and used real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to verify the expression patterns of some GLR family members under low temperature of 4 ℃ and different hormone treatments. The results showed that there were 19 MaGLR family members in Musa acuminata, 16 MbGLR family members in Musa balbisiana and 14 MiGLR family members in Musa itinerans. Most of the members were stable proteins and had signal peptides, all of them had 3-6 transmembrane structures. Prediction of subcellular localization indicated that all of them were localized on the plasma membrane and irregularly distributed on the chromosome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that banana GLRs could be divided into 3 subclades. The results of promoter cis-acting elements and transcription factor binding site prediction showed that there were multiple hormone- and stress-related response elements and 18 TFBS in banana GLR. RT-qPCR analysis showed that MaGLR1.1 and MaGLR3.5 responded positively to low temperature stress and were significantly expressed in abscisic acid/methyl jasmonate treatments. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that GLR, a highly conserved family of ion channels, may play an important role in the growth and development process and stress resistance of banana.
Musa/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Abscisic Acid/metabolism* ; Temperature ; Stress, Physiological/genetics* ; Hormones/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Profiling

OBJECTIVE To establish a quantitative analysis method for the quality control components in Tenghuang jiangu capsules， and predict the possible action mechanism of the quality control components. METHODS Seven key quality control components in Tenghuang jiangu capsules were quantitatively analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. The “component-target” network was constructed based on network pharmacology， and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis and gene ontology （GO） function enrichment analysis were further conducted to find the key signaling pathways. RESULTS The average contents of succinic acid， hyperoside， gallic acid， kaempferol， naringin， naringenin and protocatechuic acid in 20 batches of Tenghuang jiangu capsules were 520.92， 67.67， 129.48， 4.74， 397.45， 5.66 and 376.62 μg/g， respectively. The results of network pharmacology showed that the 62 key target genes of the quality control components of the drug included AKT1， TNF， VEGFA， MMP9， PTGS2， etc. They were mainly enriched in cytokine receptor interaction， nuclear factor， tumor necrosis factor， interleukin 17， rheumatoid arthritis， Toll-like receptor and other signal pathways， involving inflammatory reaction， signal transduction， protein phosphorylation and other biological processes， kytoplasm， cell membrane and other cell components， as well as enzyme activity， energy activity and other molecular functions. CONCLUSIONS The established UHPLC- Q-Orbitrap HRMS method can be used for the quantitative analysis of the quality control components of Tenghuang jiangu capsule. Its quality control components may be mapped to inflammatory pathways related to bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Toll-like receptors through AKT1， TNF， VEGFA and other key targets， so as to play a therapeutic role.

Objective:To explore the value of using bipolar electrogram to guide target selection in patients with frequent premature ventricular contractions in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT-PVC).Methods:The clinical data of 115 patients with idiopathic and frequent RVOT-PVC from October 2018 to January June 2020 in Guangzhou First People′s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The number of PVCs in Holter 24 h before ablation was 19 802.6±4916.7, and the load was (20.3±5.0)%. The Johnson & Johnson Carto 3.0 system was used to guide RVOT-PVC radiofrequency ablation, and the morphological characteristics of the bipolar electrogram in the cavity of the successful ablation target were observed. According to whether the starting part of the bipolar electrogram of the distal ablation catheter showed a steep negative shape recorded by the Carto 3.0 system, the patients were divided into positive group and negative group. The differences in ablation success rate, effective discharge time, total ablation time and other indicators of the two groups were compared.Results:Steep negative wave was recorded in the initial part of the effective target site of 87 patients (75.7%). The ablation success rate of the patients was 95.4%(83/87) based on the excitation mapping and unipolar morphology combined with the above initial part of the bipolar electrogram. Compared with the negative group, the PVC disappeared faster in patients of positive group [(6.9±2.3)s vs (10.2±2.9)s, P<0.05] and the total ablation time was shorter [(187.5±35.7)s vs (267.3±54.1)s, P<0.05]. Ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) was rechecked at 3 months. At 3 months, there was 1 case recurrence in the positive group and 1 case recurrence in the negative group, and there was no significant difference in the long-term recurrence rate between the two groups ( P=0.422). Conclusions:On the basis of traditional mapping, the bipolar electrogram combined with the steep negative shape of the initial part can be used as an alternative RVOT-PVC ablation strategy.

Tripterygium wilfordii is a valuable medicinal plant rich in biologically active diterpenoids, but there are few studies on the origins of these diterpenoids in its secondary metabolism. Here, we identified three regions containing tandemly duplicated diterpene synthase genes on chromosomes (Chr) 17 and 21 of T. wilfordii and obtained 11 diterpene synthases with different functions. We further revealed that these diterpene synthases underwent duplication and rearrangement at approximately 2.3-23.7 million years ago (MYA) by whole-genome triplication (WGT), transposon mediation, and tandem duplication, followed by functional divergence. We first demonstrated that four key amino acids in the sequences of TwCPS3, TwCPS5, and TwCPS6 were altered during evolution, leading to their functional divergence and the formation of diterpene secondary metabolites. Then, we demonstrated that the functional divergence of three TwKSLs was driven by mutations in two key amino acids. Finally, we discovered the mechanisms of evolution and pseudogenization of miltiradiene synthases in T. wilfordii and elucidated that the new function in TwMS1/2 from the terpene synthase (TPS)-b subfamily was caused by progressive changes in multiple amino acids after the WGT event. Our results provide key evidence for the formation of diverse diterpenoids during the evolution of secondary metabolites in T. wilfordii.

Objective:To investigate the effect of apatinib on radiosensitivity of glioma cells U87MG and its potential mechanism.Methods:U87MG cells were divided into control group, apatinib group, radiation group and combination group treated with apatinib and radiation. The effect of different concentrations of apatinib (5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μmol/L) on cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 assay. The effect of apatinib on cell migration and invasion was detected by wound-healing assay and transwell assay, respectively. The effect of apatinib on cell radiosensitivity was detected by plate cloning assay, the cell apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry, and the protein expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot.Results:Apatinib significantly inhibited the proliferation of U87MG cells in a manner depended on the drug treatment time and radiation. Compared with the radiation group, the cell proliferation, migration and invasion in the combination group were inhibited much significantly ( t=9.857, 18.704, 4.197, P<0.05), so that the value of D0, Dq and SF2 of the combination group was lower, resulting in a radiosensitivity enhancement ratio (SER D0 ) of 1.3. Moreover, compared with the radiation group, the apoptosis rate of the combination group was increased, the expression of Bcl-2 protein was decreased, and the expression of Bax protein was increased ( t=16.187, 8.890, 5.222, P< 0.05). Conclusions:Apatinib inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration, induces apoptosis and increases radiosensitivity of glioma cells.

Objective:To establish a sensitive and specific real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for rapid detection of Getah virus (GETV).Methods:All the gene sequences of GETV were downloaded from GenBank database. Clustal X was used for sequence alignment, and specific primers and probes were designed according to highly conserved regions; we established a standard curve using the nucleic acid of GETV as a standard, and the sensitivity, specificity and stability of this method were evaluated respectively.Results:This method could specifically detect GETV and has no cross-reactivity with multiple arboviruses; the sensitivity was 1.0×10 pfu/ml, and the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 1%. One case was GETV positive in 196 batches of mosquitoes collected from Hunan province, Hebei province, Fujian province and Chongqing city.Conclusions:We established a TaqMan probe real-time quantitative RT-PCR with high sensitivity and specificity which can be used for screening.

Objective To summary the pathological and clinical characteristics,treatments and prognosis of malignant renal perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa).Methods Between August 2013 and June 2017,8 cases of malignant renal PEComa were analysed respectively.Of all the patients,there were 4 males and 4 females,aged 27-65 years with the average of 46.3 years old.Three cases were detected in routine examination occasionally,three cases complained of intermittent back pain with fever,one presented with swollen and painful right hand and right foot,and one case presented with hematuria.CT or MRI examinations indicated the malignant lesions before the surgery.Clinical staging was performed with 2 cases of T1N0M0,1 case of T1 N0M1,2 cases of T2N0M0,1 case of T3M0M0,and 2 cases of T4N0M1.Three cases underwent radical nephrectomy,1 case underwent radical nephrectomy plus renal artery embolization,2 cases underwent partial nephrectomy,and 2 cases underwent nephrectomy plus inferior vena cava tumor thrombectomy.One case was treated with ifosfamide plus epirubicin after operation due to multiple distant metastases and 1 case was treated with oxaliplatin before the sugery because of excessive tumor diameter.None of the rest received any adjuvant therapy.Results Postoperative histopathological examination showed multiple nodules in reddish gray and yellow color,with soft texture and partial incomplete capsule.Microscopically,there were large atypical cell components,some of which were spindle shaped,with disordered cell arrangement,some of which were associated with a large amount of necrotic tissue,and abundant light eosinophil cytoplasm.Tissue components can be found thick-wall blood vessels,smooth muscle-like cells,and adipose tissue.Immunohistochemistry showed 4 cases were positive of HMB-45,4 of Melan-A,7 of SAM.Seven cases were negative of CK,6 of S-100 75％ (6/8) and Ki67 (10％-70％).Two cases died of multiple metastases (lung,bone,liver),1 case survived with tumor recurrence,with a follow-up from 14 to 60 months (mean 29 months).Conclusions Primary malignant renal PEComa is rare in practice with relative large diameter.The diagnosis depends on pathological findings,and radical nephrectomy is the first choice of treatment.It is easy to recur and metastasize after the operation.

Objective To investigate the value of baseline levels of aldosterone(ALD)in predicting the cardiovascular events and in-stent restenosis12 months after coronary stent implantation. Methods 268 patients with coronary heart disease admitted to the department of cardiology from January 2014 to July 2016 were selected (96 cases of stable angina pectoris and 172 cases of acute coronary syndrome).The ALD level in the preprocedural serum was detected before coronary stent implantation. According to the level of ALD,the patients were divided into two groups:ALD<130 pg/mL(n=127)and ALD≥130 pg/mL(n=141).The cardiovascular events(angina pectoris,myocardial infarction,death)and in-stent restenosis were observed and recorded 12 months after the procedures. Logistic regression analysis was done to analyze the independent risk factors of ISR. Results The baseline levels of ALD in the patients with acute coronary syndrome were significantly higher than those with stable angina pectoris[(160 ± 58)pg/mL vs.(118 ± 46)pg/mL,P < 0.05]. The cardiovascular events and those in in-stent restenosis in the patients with high baseline levels of ALD were significantly higher than those with normal baseline levels of ALD 12 months too(24.1% vs 3.1%;P<0.05;16% vs 7.4%;P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that serum ALD levels were the strongest predictors of ISR,with the odds ratio of 2.56 per 10 pg/mL. Conclusions Preprocedural ALD level is a predictor for 12 months outcome of in-stent restenosis for the patents undergoing coronary stent implantation. It indicates that the complications and clinical restenosis in 12 months are markedly influenced by the activation of the rennin angiotensin aldostenone system.