ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of genistein （Gen） on etoposide-induced chondrocyte senescence and its underlying mechanism. MethodsThe C28/I2 cell line was treated with different concentrations of Gen and etoposide， and the cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 assay. The senescence model of C28/I2 chondrocytes was induced by etoposide， with Gen intervention. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase （SA-β-gal） staining was performed to detect the senescence-positive rate and staining characteristics of chondrocytes. The expressions of peroxiredoxin 6 （Prdx6）， cyclin-dependent kinaseto clarify the functional necessity of Prdx6. ResultsCompared with the etoposide group， the C28/I2 chondrocyte viability significantly increased （P<0.01）， the expression ofsenescence-associated proteins p21 and p16 decreased （P<0.01， P<0.05）， the expression of senescence-associated genes p21 and p16 reduced （both P<0.01）， the fluorescence intensity of senescence-associated proteins p21 and p16 was diminished （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the proportion of SA-β-gal-positive cells decreased （P<0.01） in the Gen+etoposide group. Compared with the Control group， the expression of Prdx6 was downregulated in the etoposide group （P<0.05）. Compared with the etoposide group， the expression of Prdx6 was upregulated in the Gen+etoposide group （P<0.01）. Compared with the Control group， the GPx activity significantly decreased in the si-Prdx6 group （P<0.01）. Furthermore， compared with the si-Prdx6 group， the GPx activity increased in the si-Prdx6+Gen group （P<0.05）. Molecular docking results revealed that Gen formed hydrogen bond interactions with the active site of Prdx6. After Prdx6 knockdown， the expression of senescence-associated genes p21 and p16 and the fluorescence intensity of senescence-associated proteins p21 and p16 both increased in the Gen+etoposide+si-Prdx6 group （both P<0.01）. ConclusionGen can inhibit etoposide-induced senescence of C28/I2 chondrocytes by upregulating the expression of Prdx6. This study provides potential drug targets and experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of chondrocyte senescence-related diseases.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of the endometrial microbiota in patients with varying degrees of intrauterine adhesion (IUA).Methods:This single-center cross-sectional observational study enrolled 115 patients with IUA who were treated at the Hysteroscopic Center of Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, from May 2022 to October 2023. After quality control and data preprocessing, 81 samples met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Patients were grouped according to an established IUA scoring and grading system into mild IUA ( n=38) and moderate-to-severe IUA ( n=43). Endometrial tissue was collected under sterile conditions. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted, the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region was amplified, and sequencing was performed on an Illumina platform. Differences in endometrial microbiota diversity and composition were compared between the two groups. Results:Patients with varying degrees of IUA exhibited comparable species richness, evenness and diversity of endometrial microbiota. At the phylum level, the endometrial microbiota across all subjects was predominantly composed of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, with Proteobacteria (32.29%) and Firmicutes (23.82%) showing the highest mean relative abundances. At the genus level, Ralstonia (16.67%), Lactobacillus (13.45%), and Streptococcus (7.07%) were the most abundant genera. Group comparisons showed that the abundance of Ralstonia was higher in the mild IUA group, whereas Lactobacillus, Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas were more abundant in the moderate-to-severe IUA group; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance (all P>0.05). LEfSe analysis further indicated that Lactobacillus, Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas, Aeromonas, Ureaplasma and Acetobacterium were relatively enriched in the moderate-to-severe IUA group, while Geobacillus, Stomatobaculum and Fusicatenibacter were more abundant in the mild IUA group. Conclusion:The composition of the endometrial microbiota differs among patients with varying IUA severity. IUA progression may be associated with alterations in the endometrial microbiota; however, causal relationships and underlying mechanisms require further investigation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the age-group differences and seasonal distribution patterns of epidemiologi-cal characteristics of hospital-associated infection in elderly inpatients in a three-A hospital.METHODS Based on the Xinglin Real-time Monitoring System,a retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 67 157 patients hospitalized in the Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command from Jan.2020 to Dec.2024.Elderly patients were divided into three age groups:young-age group(60-69 years),middle-age group(70-79 years)and ol-dest-age(≥80 years).The epidemiological characteristics and seasonal distribution patterns of the three groups were analyzed.RESULTS From 2020 to 2024,there were 1 524 cases of hospital-associated infection,with an inci-dence rate of 2.27％.The infection rate was higher in the oldest-age group(6.08％)than those in the young-age group(1.77％)and the middle-age group(2.52％)(P＜0.001).The top three departments with the highest in-cidence rates of hospital-associated infection were the geriatric department(10.97％),intensive care unit(9.65％)and respiratory department(4.96％).The lower respiratory tract was the main site of infection,and the infection rate was higher in winter than in other seasons.The pathogens were predominantly gram-negative bacteria(60.35％),with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most frequently detected.CONCLUSIONS Advanced age,male gender and hospitalization in winter are key risk factors for hospital-associated infection.Seasonal pre-vention and control strategies should be implemented in departments with high incidence of respiratory infections,and monitoring of multidrug-resistant bacteria should be enhanced.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism of buprenorphine in attenuating neuroinflammation in microglia and the MAM domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor gene 1 ( MDGA1). Methods:The human microglial cell line HMC-3 was cultured in vitro and divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a table of random numbers: control group (Con group), lipopolysaccharide(LPS)group, buprenorphine + LPS group (Bup+ LPS group) and buprenorphine + LPS + MDGA1 knockdown group (Bup+ LPS+ shMDGA1 group). LPS group was incubated with LPS at a final concentration of 1 μg/ml for 4 h. Bup+ LPS group was incubated with buprenorphine at a final concentration of 100 ng/ml for 1 h, followed by incubation with LPS at a final concentration of 1 μg/ml for 4 h. Bup+ LPS+ shMDGA1 group was transfected with MDGA1-specific shorthairpin RNA for knockdown, and the remaining treatment was similar to those previously described in Bup+ LPS group. The expression of MDGA1 in microglia was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:Compared with Con group, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS in the supernatant were significantly increased, and the expression of MDGA1 in microglia was down-regulated in LPS group ( P<0.05). Compared with LPS group, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS in the supernatant were significantly decreased, and the expression of MDGA1 in microglia was up-regulated in Bup+ LPS group ( P<0.05). Compared with Bup+ LPS group, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS in the supernatant were significantly increased, and the expression of MDGA1 in microglia was down-regulated in Bup+ LPS+ sh MDGA1 group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which buprenorphine alleviates neuroinflammation in microglia may be related to the up-regulation of the expression of MDGA1.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of the endometrial microbiota in patients with varying degrees of intrauterine adhesion (IUA).Methods:This single-center cross-sectional observational study enrolled 115 patients with IUA who were treated at the Hysteroscopic Center of Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, from May 2022 to October 2023. After quality control and data preprocessing, 81 samples met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Patients were grouped according to an established IUA scoring and grading system into mild IUA ( n=38) and moderate-to-severe IUA ( n=43). Endometrial tissue was collected under sterile conditions. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted, the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region was amplified, and sequencing was performed on an Illumina platform. Differences in endometrial microbiota diversity and composition were compared between the two groups. Results:Patients with varying degrees of IUA exhibited comparable species richness, evenness and diversity of endometrial microbiota. At the phylum level, the endometrial microbiota across all subjects was predominantly composed of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, with Proteobacteria (32.29%) and Firmicutes (23.82%) showing the highest mean relative abundances. At the genus level, Ralstonia (16.67%), Lactobacillus (13.45%), and Streptococcus (7.07%) were the most abundant genera. Group comparisons showed that the abundance of Ralstonia was higher in the mild IUA group, whereas Lactobacillus, Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas were more abundant in the moderate-to-severe IUA group; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance (all P>0.05). LEfSe analysis further indicated that Lactobacillus, Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas, Aeromonas, Ureaplasma and Acetobacterium were relatively enriched in the moderate-to-severe IUA group, while Geobacillus, Stomatobaculum and Fusicatenibacter were more abundant in the mild IUA group. Conclusion:The composition of the endometrial microbiota differs among patients with varying IUA severity. IUA progression may be associated with alterations in the endometrial microbiota; however, causal relationships and underlying mechanisms require further investigation.

Objective:To investigate the current talent cultivation among young pediatricians, and to provide insights for fostering a virtuous cycle in their education, scientific research, and career growth.Methods:This study enrolled 152 young pediatricians (under 45 years of age) who had completed or were participating in standardized residency training at the Children's Hospital of Soochow University since September 2014. The pediatricians were surveyed on clinical training, scientific research process, career development planning, policies, and incentive mechanisms using a self-administered questionnaire. SPSS 23.0 was used for statistical analysis. Enumeration data, expressed as the number of cases and composition ratios, were analyzed using chi-square tests, while ordinal data were analyzed using rank sum tests. The SPSS macroprogram PROCESS v3.3 was used for mediating effect analysis.Results:The results of the questionnaire survey of 152 respondents were as follows: 65.79% (100/152) were aged 25-34 years; 57.24% (87/152) held a master's degree; 13.82% (21/152), 16.45% (25/152), and 69.74% (106/152) held deputy senior professional titles and above, intermediate professional titles, and junior professional titles and below, respectively. More than half of the respondents desired expanded training in professional skill updates, scientific research capacity enhancement, and simulation teaching. The current training system was deemed simplistic in content and method, requiring optimization. The frequency of clinical teaching activities ( P<0.001), training methods ( P<0.001), and departmental mentorship atmosphere ( P<0.001) were correlated with the degree of satisfaction with clinical training. Among the respondents, 81.58% (124/152) reported insufficient time, energy, and motivation for scientific research. The frequency of training ( P<0.001), participation frequency ( P<0.001), diversity of training methods ( P=0.024), departmental mentorship atmosphere ( P<0.001), opportunities for collaboration ( P<0.001), and training in methodology and innovative thinking ( P=0.042) were correlated with the degree of satisfaction with the scientific research capability enhancement training. Notably, there was a marginally significant difference in degree of satisfaction with scientific research training among young physicians with different titles ( P=0.053). Only 38.16% (58/152) of the respondents had established mid-to-long-term career plans, indicating a lack of career planning awareness. Age ( P=0.001), educational background ( P=0.009), professional titles ( P=0.001), and completion status of standardized residency training ( P=0.011) were correlated with degree of satisfaction with career development planning. The departmental mentorship atmosphere ( P=0.013) and flexible work arrangements ( P=0.039) were correlated with degree of satisfaction with policies and incentive mechanisms, with a marginal significance for performance-based reward system ( P=0.057). The frequency of clinical training ( P=0.030) and scientific research training ( P=0.010) had a significant indirect mediating effect on the degree of satisfaction with clinical training through the departmental mentorship atmosphere. Conclusions:Optimizing the development pathway for young physicians requires improvements in clinical training system, scientific research management, career planning guidance, and overall supportive environment.

The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children remains high, and the largest populations at the highest risk are premature babies.Neurodevelopmental disorders in children have become a significant global public health concern, impacting the health of children worldwide.Neurodevelopmental disorders of preterm infants usually present as impairment or delay in cognition, motor, visual and auditory functions, social adaptability, and neuropsychological performance.However, its clinical characteristics vary significantly with the gestational age, life stage, and complicated comorbidity or complication.Inspired by the currently accepted early diagnosis and early intervention strategy, a novel preventive early intervention strategy has been developed abroad, which has achieved promising results.In this article, the clinical characteristics of neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm infants at different gestational ages and life stages, and with different complicated comorbidities or complications were comprehensively reviewed.The aim is to provide basic knowledge for the development of proper preventive early intervention strategies in high-risk premature babies, and ultimately reduce the incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders in this high-risk population.

Objective To investigate the mechanism and optimal concentration of anrotinib on ovarian clear cell carcinoma.Methods Ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells were cultured in vitro,by using renal clear cell carcinoma cells and renal papillary cell carcinoma cells as control cancer cells,and the effects of different concentrations of anlotinib(5,10,15,20μmol/L)on the proliferation,migration,and invasion capabilities of three cancer cell lines were investigated.Compared with the experimental results of renal clear cell carcinoma cells and renal papillary cell carcinoma cells,the advantages of anlotinib on ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells were investigated and advanced its position in clinical practice.Results Anlotinib at the concentrations of 5,10,15,and 20μmol/L can effectively inhibit the proliferation,migration,and invasion ability of ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells,renal clear cell carcinoma cells,and renal papillary cell carcinoma cells.Among them,the optimal action concentration of anlotinib on all three cancer cells fell in the range of 5-10 μmol/L.However,in the three cancer cells,anlotinib was more potent in ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells.Conclusion The effect of anlotinib on ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells has obvious advantages over renal clear cell carcinoma cells and renal papillary cell carcinoma cells,with the optimal concentration of 5-10 μmol/L.

The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children remains high, and the largest populations at the highest risk are premature babies.Neurodevelopmental disorders in children have become a significant global public health concern, impacting the health of children worldwide.Neurodevelopmental disorders of preterm infants usually present as impairment or delay in cognition, motor, visual and auditory functions, social adaptability, and neuropsychological performance.However, its clinical characteristics vary significantly with the gestational age, life stage, and complicated comorbidity or complication.Inspired by the currently accepted early diagnosis and early intervention strategy, a novel preventive early intervention strategy has been developed abroad, which has achieved promising results.In this article, the clinical characteristics of neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm infants at different gestational ages and life stages, and with different complicated comorbidities or complications were comprehensively reviewed.The aim is to provide basic knowledge for the development of proper preventive early intervention strategies in high-risk premature babies, and ultimately reduce the incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders in this high-risk population.

Objective : To explore the effects and mechanisms of Kobophenol A ( KPA) on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) -induced M1 macrophage polarization，and to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of inflammatory immune diseases and the development of new drugs． Methods: The M1 macrophage polarization model of RAW264. 7 was established by LPS induction，and the peroxiredoxin 6 ( Prdx6) knockdown model was constructed using the Prdx6 inhibitor MJ33 and Prdx6-siRNA．RAW264. 7 cells，a mouse macrophage cell line，were treated with various concentrations of KPA． Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay．The expression levels of Prdx6 and M1 macrophage polarization-related proteins，including inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2) ，were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining．The expression levels of Prdx6 and M1 macrophage polarization-related genes iNOS，interleukin-6 ( IL-6) ，and tumor necrosis factor α ( TNF-α) ，were measured by RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the expression of cluster of differentiation 86 ( CD86) ，a marker of M1 macrophages． Results: Compared with the LPS-induced M1 macrophage polarization model ， KPA significantly reversed the morphological changes of M1 macrophage polarization in RAW264. 7 macrophages and decreased the expression of M1 macrophage polarization-related proteins iNOS，COX- 2，CD86 and related genes iNOS，IL-6，TNF-α ( all P＜0. 05) ．In addition，LPS significantly downregulated the expression of Prdx6 in RAW264. 7 macrophages，while KPA upregulated the expression of Prdx6．Moreover，treatment with the Prdx6 inhibitor MJ33 significantly upregulated the expression of iNOS，a marker of M1 macrophage polarization，in RAW264. 7 macrophages，whereas treatment with KPA significantly downregulated the expression of iNOS ( all P＜0. 05) ． Conclusion KPA inhibits LPS-induced M1 polarization of RAW264. 7 macrophages by upregulating the expression of Prdx6．