ObjectiveTo evaluate the larvicidal effect of ultrasonic waves against Aedes albopictus larvae at various exposure parameters (distance and time), and to preliminarily investigate the effects of different containers (water volume and depth) and ultrasonic devices on the larvicidal efficacy, so as to provide experimental evidence for the application of ultrasound-based mosquito control technology. MethodsUnder controlled laboratory conditions, two commercially available ultrasonic devices [40 kHz/300 W and (50±5) kHz/70 W] were used to systematically examine the effects of exposure distance (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 cm), exposure duration (1, 3, 6, 15 and 60 min), larval instar(Ⅰ‒Ⅱ and Ⅲ‒Ⅳ）, and container type on the immediate mortality of Aedes albopictus larvae collected from urban areas of Shanghai. Statistical analysis of the mortality rates of larvae among different experimental groups was performed using the chi-square test. ResultsUltrasonic exposure exerted a detectable larvicidal effect against Aedes albopictus larvae of all instars. For early-instar larvae, exposure time significantly affected mortality at all tested distances (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm), with χ² values ranging from 25.57 to 32.74 ( all P<0.001). No significant distance effect was observed in the first and second instar larvae after short-term exposure (1 and 3 min; P>0.05). However, a distance-dependent effect emerged from 6 min onward (P<0.05). During short-term exposure (1 min and 3 min) at close range (20 cm and 40 cm), the immediate mortality of the third and fourth instar larvae was higher than that of the first and second instar larvae. Conversely, during prolonged exposure (15 min and 60 min), the first and second instar larvae exhibited significantly higher mortality than that of the third and fourth instar larvae. These results indicated that larval mortality was jointly influenced by exposure duration and distance. Preliminary experiments indicated that larvicidal efficacy in shallow water was lower than that in deep water. No significant difference in larvicidal effect was observed between the two ultrasonic devices with different frequencies and power outputs. ConclusionUnder laboratory conditions, ultrasound can effectively kill Aedes albopictus larvae, and the larvicidal effect is jointly influenced by larval instar, exposure distance, and aquatic environment. Compact ultrasonic devices show potential for field application in biological mosquito control.

The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children remains high, and the largest populations at the highest risk are premature babies.Neurodevelopmental disorders in children have become a significant global public health concern, impacting the health of children worldwide.Neurodevelopmental disorders of preterm infants usually present as impairment or delay in cognition, motor, visual and auditory functions, social adaptability, and neuropsychological performance.However, its clinical characteristics vary significantly with the gestational age, life stage, and complicated comorbidity or complication.Inspired by the currently accepted early diagnosis and early intervention strategy, a novel preventive early intervention strategy has been developed abroad, which has achieved promising results.In this article, the clinical characteristics of neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm infants at different gestational ages and life stages, and with different complicated comorbidities or complications were comprehensively reviewed.The aim is to provide basic knowledge for the development of proper preventive early intervention strategies in high-risk premature babies, and ultimately reduce the incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders in this high-risk population.

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of synovial fluid Asporin level in patients with tem-poromandibular joint disorders(TMD).Methods A total of 48 TMD patients who were treated in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 due to irritant pain and mouth opening limitation were randomly selected as the observation group,and 48 healthy vol-unteers were selected as the control group.The synovial fluid Asporin levels of the two groups were detected by enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay(ELISA).The difference of synovial fluid Asporin levels between the two groups was compared.The correlation be-tween the synovial fluid Asporin levels and the clinical symptoms of TMD was analyzed.Results The synovial fluid Asporin level in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The synovial fluid Asporin level was positively correlated with the pain degree of TMD patients(Rs=0.825,P＜0.001),negatively correlated with the degree of mouth opening(Rs=-0.945,P＜0.001).Conclusion The level of Asporin in synovial fluid of TMD patients was significantly increased.The level of As-porin in synovial fluid of TMD patients is correlated with the clinical symptoms of TMD,which provides a basis for the diagnosis and evaluation of TMD.

Objective To explore the value of the albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio(AAPR)with modified Glasgow prognostic score(mGPS)in assessing the response to and prognosis of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)therapy in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC).Methods A total of 153 high-risk NMIBC patients treated with intravesical BCG in our hospital during Jan.2018 and Oct.2021 were enrolled.Patients were divided into response and non-response groups based on the treatment efficacy,and into good and poor prognosis groups based on the clinical outcomes.AAPR and mGPS were calculated.The relationship between AAPR,mGPS and BCG treatment non-response was analyzed with multivariate logistic regression.Clinical data and scores were compared between prognosis groups.The associations between AAPR,mGPS,and poor prognosis after BCG treatment were assessed with a Cox proportional hazards model.Patients were stratified into high-and low-A APR groups,and into mGPS 0,1,and 2 groups.Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted for progression-free survival(PFS)across different AAPR and mGPS strata.The diagnostic performance of AAPR combined with mGPS in predicting treatment non-response and poor prognosis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results Among the 153 patients,the response rate to BCG treatment was 71.90％(110/153),the 3-year poor prognosis rate was 45.75％(70/153),and the 3-year PFS rate was 54.25％(83/153).Increased AAPR was identified as an independent protective factor for both treatment response and good prognosis,while higher mGPS was an independent risk factor(P＜0.05).The 3-year PFS rate was significantly higher in the high-AAPR group than in the low-A APR group(P＜0.001).Among the mGPS groups,the 3-year PFS rate was lowest in the mGPS 2 group,followed by mGPS 1 and mGPS 0 groups(P＜0.001).The area under the ROC curve(AUC)for AAPR with mGPS in predicting BCG treatment non-response and poor prognosis was 0.864 and 0.901,respectively,significantly higher than using AAPR(0.774,0.781)or mGPS alone(0.798,0.809)(P＜0.05).Conclusion Lower AAPR and higher mGPS are associated with non-response and poor prognosis in NMIBC patients undergoing intravesical BCG therapy.The combination of AAPR and mGPS has high predictive value.

The esophagogastric junction serves as a natural anti-reflux barrier and possesses a complex anatomical configuration composed of several key components, including the lower esophageal sphincter, diaphragmatic crura, His angle, and phrenoesophageal ligament. Alterations in these anatomical structures or dysfunction thereof may predispose individuals to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In response to such structural and functional impairments, various therapeutic strategies have been developed. Surgical intervention is currently regarded as an effective approach for fundamentally addressing GERD, with commonly employed techniques including laparoscopic fundoplication, magnetic sphincter augmentation, and endoscopic radiofrequency ablation. The author classifies the anti-reflux mechanisms at the esophagogastric junction into intramural and extramural components, and based on this classification, systematically reviews and evaluates the indications and clinical applications of major surgical interventions for GERD, aiming to provide clinicians with evidence-based guidance for selecting appropriate therapeutic modalities.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the age-group differences and seasonal distribution patterns of epidemiologi-cal characteristics of hospital-associated infection in elderly inpatients in a three-A hospital.METHODS Based on the Xinglin Real-time Monitoring System,a retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 67 157 patients hospitalized in the Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command from Jan.2020 to Dec.2024.Elderly patients were divided into three age groups:young-age group(60-69 years),middle-age group(70-79 years)and ol-dest-age(≥80 years).The epidemiological characteristics and seasonal distribution patterns of the three groups were analyzed.RESULTS From 2020 to 2024,there were 1 524 cases of hospital-associated infection,with an inci-dence rate of 2.27％.The infection rate was higher in the oldest-age group(6.08％)than those in the young-age group(1.77％)and the middle-age group(2.52％)(P＜0.001).The top three departments with the highest in-cidence rates of hospital-associated infection were the geriatric department(10.97％),intensive care unit(9.65％)and respiratory department(4.96％).The lower respiratory tract was the main site of infection,and the infection rate was higher in winter than in other seasons.The pathogens were predominantly gram-negative bacteria(60.35％),with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most frequently detected.CONCLUSIONS Advanced age,male gender and hospitalization in winter are key risk factors for hospital-associated infection.Seasonal pre-vention and control strategies should be implemented in departments with high incidence of respiratory infections,and monitoring of multidrug-resistant bacteria should be enhanced.

Objective To develop a Nomogram clinical prediction model for the pathological occurrence of extraprostatic extension(EPE)after radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer patients,using simplified site-specific magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)indicators and other clinical parameters.Methods A total of 181 prostate cancer patients[mean age(69.0±7.3)years]who underwent radical prostatectomy were included.These patients had received 3-Tesla multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging(3-T mpMRI)within 6 months prior to surgery.Based on mpMRI measurements[capsular contact length(CCL)>15 mm,capsular bulging/irregularities,diameter of index lesion(dIL),and evident extraprostatic extension(eEPE)],the dIL?sEPE grading system was derived.The optimal cut-off value of dIL(denoted as dIL)was determined using the Youden J index,and categorized it into a binary variable.A Logistic regression model was established based on the dIL?sEPE grading and clinical scores.The predictive performance of clinical indicators,MRI indicators,and combined clinical and MRI indicators were compared.Finally,a clinical prediction model integrating both clinical and MRI data was developed.Results Pathological EPE was found in 46 out of 181 cases(25.4% ).A Nomogram prediction model for EPE was established with a combination of the dIL?sEPE grading and clinical indicators.Conclusion The combination of dIL?sEPE grading with clinical indicators accurately predicts extracapsular extension in prostate cancer.The Nomogram model that established,based on MRI imaging characteristics and clinical indicators has good performance and is easy to use.It is beneficial to stratifying management for prostate cancer patients,and it provides valuable guidance for patients suitable for nerve-sparing surgery.

Objective:To develop outcome indicators for the implementation of comprehensive inter-ventions targeting the multimorbidity of myopia and obesity in children and adolescents,providing a basis for the co-prevention of multimorbidity and the outcome measurement of implementation research in children and adolescents.Methods:Based on the RE-AIM framework,a preliminary set of indicators was constructed.The Delphi method was employed,with experts scoring and providing feedback on the proposed indicators via questionnaires.After each round of consultation,expert enthusiasm index,authority coefficient,coordination degree,and consensus level were calculated.Expert opinions were col-lected and analyzed to modify,delete,or add indicators based on consultation results and screening crite-ria.Two Delphi rounds were conducted until consensus was achieved.Results:A total of 28 experts par-ticipated actually in both rounds.The Kendall's W coefficients for the two rounds of expert consultation were0.352(x2=413.952,P＜0.001)and 0.499(x2=405.044,P＜0.001),both statistically sig-nificant.The final outcome indicators for implementation research on comprehensive interventions for myopia and obesity comorbidity in children and adolescents included five primary dimensions with 13 secondary and 20 tertiary indicators.The dimension of reach included the number of children and adoles-cents involved,participant representativeness,and full-course participation representativeness.The di-mension of effectiveness included multimorbidity incidence,myopia incidence,spherical equivalent,body mass index(BMI),overweight and obesity prevalence,waist-to-height ratio,comprehensive health knowledge score,and comprehensive health behavior score.The dimension of adoption covered school representativeness and representativeness of school nurses and teachers involved in implementation.The dimension of implementation included fidelity,content modification,and cost.The dimension of mainte-nance included individual health outcomes and organizational sustainment.Conclusion:This study developed implementation outcome indicators for comprehensive interventions targeting multimorbidity of myopia and obesity among the children and adolescents based on the RE-AIM framework.These indica-tors can serve as a reference for optimizing intervention research strategies related to common multimor-bidity among children and adolescents in China.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the correlation between phase angle and sarcopenia and its diagnostic indexes.METHODS:The PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP and SinoMed databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the correlation between phase angle and sarcopenia and its diagnostic indexes from database inception to May 8,2024. Two reviewers independently screened literature,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software. RESULTS:A total of 50 eligible articles were included. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the non-sarcopenic population,the phase angle was significantly reduced in sarcopenic patients[standardized mean difference (SMD)=-0.99,95％ confidence interval (CI) (-1.09,-0.90),P<0.00001]. The results of subgroup analysis indicated that the difference of phase angle was more significant in patients with severe sarcopenia and Asian sarcopenia. Moreover,reduction in the phase angle was more obvious in patients with malignant tumors and respiratory diseases with sarcopenia. And skeletal muscle mass index (Pearson's r=0.565,P<0.00001),grip strength (Pearson's r=0.446,P<0.00001),and gait speed (Pearson's r=0.405,P<0.00001) all showed a moderate positive correlation with phase angle. However,appendicular skeletal muscle mass index showed a very weak positive correlation with phase angle (Pearson's r=0.139,P=0.02). CONCLUSION:Phase angle has a significant difference between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia population,and it is correlated with the diagnostic indexes of sarcopenia to different extents. It suggests that phase angle has some clinical values in the objective diagnosis of sarcopenia. However,the results may be influenced by some factors such as sarcopenia severity and detection instruments of phase angle. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies,more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

Objective To explore the effects of glycyrrhizic polysaccharide(GP)on the biological activity of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma tumor cells and its mechanisms of anti-tumor action.Methods GP was prepared,and human adenoid cystic carcinoma high-metastatic cell line SACC-LM and low-metastatic cell line SACC-83 were used as target cells.Different concentrations of GP were used for intervention.The cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay was employed to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis.Reverse transcrip-tion polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blot experiments were conducted to detect the expression of genes and proteins related to tumor invasion and metastasis.The scratch assay was used to observe the effect of GP on the migration ability of SACC cells.In vivo experiments were conducted to verify the inhibitory effect of GP on tumor cells.Results Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides signifi-cantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of the highly metastatic human adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line SACC-LM by regulating the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-related markers.In vivo experiments showed that glycyrrhiza poly-saccharides had no significant hepatotoxicity,could significantly reduce the volume and weight of tumors,and inhibit the growth rate of tumors in nude mice.Conclusion GP has a certain inhibitory effect on the growth and migration ability of SACC.