Objective: To explore the association between mental health and muscle strength among Chinese adolescents aged 13- 18, providing a theoretical foundation and intervention strategies for mental health promotion. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health, including 98 631 Chinese adolescents aged 13- 18. Psychological distress was assessed by using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and mental well being was measured with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well being Scale (WEMWBS). Based on the gender and age specific Z scores of various test items [grip strength, standing long jump, pull ups (for males), and sit ups (for females)], muscle strength index (MSI) was constructed to evaluate the comprehensive level of muscle strength in adolescents. According to the Dual factor Model (DFM) of mental health, participants were categorized into four groups:troubled, symptomatic but content, vulnerable, and complete mental health. Gender differences were analyzed by using Chi-square tests, trends were tested with Cochran-Armitage tests, and multinomial Logistic regression models were applied to assess associations between muscle strength and mental health among adolescents. Results: In 2019, 37.4% of Chinese adolescents aged 13-18 were reported of high mental distress, and 59.9% were reported of low mental well being. Boys had significantly lower rates of high mental distress (35.3%) and low mental well being (55.6%) compared to girls (39.4%, 64.3%), and the differences were of statistical significance ( χ 2=176.13, 780.42, both P <0.05). In 2019, the rate of complete mental health among adolescents showed a downward trend with increasing age ( χ 2 trend = 258.47) and a gradual upward trend with increasing muscle strength levels ( χ 2 trend =123.14)，and both boys and girls exhibited similar trends ( χ 2 trend =103.83, 168.46; 57.00 , 67.34) (all P <0.05). The results of the unordered multiclass Logistic regression model showed that after controlling for confounding factors such as age and gender, when the completely pathological group as a reference, for every 1 unit increase in MSI in adolescents, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 29% ( OR = 1.29); for every unit increase in the Z-score for pull ups, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 6% ( OR =1.06) among boys; for every 1 unit increase in sit up Z score, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 19% ( OR =1.19) among girls (all P <0.05). Conclusions The mental health status of Chinese adolescents is not good enough. Muscle strength is positively associated with mental health.

Objective: To systematically review the development and changes in mental health policies within the National Outline for Children s Development in China from 1992 to 2030, providing a reference basis for future formulation of mental health policies among children and adolescent in China. Methods: Based on the four editions of the National Outline for Children s Development in China across different periods from 1992 to 2030, word frequency analysis was used to reveal shifts in policy priorities, and an internationally recognized framework for adolescent health policy analysis was applied to conduct a textual review. Results: Word frequency analysis revealed that the term "psychological" appeared 6 times in the National Outline for Children s Development in China (2001-2010) but increased to 20 times in the National Outline for Children s Development in China (2021-2030) (abbreviated as the National Outline of 2021), while the term "health" rose from 4 times in the National Outline for Children s Development Plan in China in the 1990s to 68 times in the National Outline of 2021. The scope of mental health policy interventions expanded to encompass five key areas:health, safety, education, welfare and legal protection. Textual analysis highlighted that the policies of the National Outline for Children s Development in China were demand driven, prioritized vulnerable groups and continuously broadened their coverage, emphasizing sustainability and appropriateness, and monitoring/evaluation mechanisms. By 2023, 42.3% of primary schools and 64.8% of secondary schools employed full time mental health education teachers. However, the National Outline for Children s Development in China lacked direct evidence of children and adolescents participation in policy formulation, and publicly available mental health data disaggregated by age and gender remained limited. Conclusion Mental health policies of children and adolescents in China have evolved from nonexistence to gradual refinement, yet institutionalized channels for youth involvement in policy development and evaluation remain insufficient, and transparency in age and gender specific mental health data needs improvement.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor affecting children and adolescents. Despite ongoing research efforts, the 5-year survival rate has remained stagnant for many years, highlighting the critical need for novel drug development to enhance current treatment protocols. Ziyuglycoside II (ZYG II), a triterpenoid saponin extracted from S. officinalis, has recently demonstrated antitumor properties. This study evaluates the antitumor effect of ZYG II on osteosarcoma and elucidates its mechanism of action through the co-regulation of p53 and estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG), which inhibits disease progression. The research employs in vitro experiments using multiple established osteosarcoma cell lines, as well as in vivo studies utilizing a nude mouse model of orthotopic xenograft osteosarcoma. Additionally, ESRRG shRNA was used to construct stable ESRRG-reducing OS cell lines to investigate the molecular mechanism by which ZYG II exerts its anti-osteosarcoma effects through the co-regulation of ESRRG and p53. Results indicate that ZYG II administration led to decreased OS cell viability and reduced tumor volumes. Furthermore, cell cycles were arrested at the G₀/G₁ phase, while the proportion of apoptotic cells increased. Expression of p53, ESRRG, p21, Bax, Cleaved Caspase-9, and Cleaved Caspase-3 proteins increased, while expression of CDK4, Cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 proteins decreased. Multiple ZYG II and ESRRG docking patterns were simulated through molecular docking. Comparing the pharmacodynamic response of ZYG II to OS cell lines with reduced ESRRG and normal expression demonstrated that ZYG II inhibits osteosarcoma progression, induces cell cycle arrest, and promotes cell apoptosis through the coordination of p53 and ESRRG. In conclusion, ZYG II inhibits osteosarcoma progression, leads to cell cycle arrest, and promotes cell apoptosis through synergistic regulation of p53 and ESRRG.
Osteosarcoma/physiopathology* ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics* ; Humans ; Animals ; Saponins/chemistry* ; Bone Neoplasms/physiopathology* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Mice, Nude ; Mice ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Female ; Male ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Microbial communities such as those residing in the human gut are highly diverse and complex, and many with important implications for health and diseases. The effects and functions of these microbial communities are determined not only by their species compositions and diversities but also by the dynamic intra- and inter-cellular states at the transcriptional level. Powerful and scalable technologies capable of acquiring single-microbe-resolution RNA sequencing information in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of complex microbial communities together with their hosts are therefore utterly needed. Here we report the development and utilization of a droplet-based smRNA-seq (single-microbe RNA sequencing) method capable of identifying large species varieties in human samples, which we name smRandom-seq2. Together with a triple-module computational pipeline designed for the bacteria and bacteriophage sequencing data by smRandom-seq2 in four human gut samples, we established a single-cell level bacterial transcriptional landscape of human gut microbiome, which included 29,742 single microbes and 329 unique species. Distinct adaptive response states among species in Prevotella and Roseburia genera and intrinsic adaptive strategy heterogeneity in Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens were uncovered. Additionally, we identified hundreds of novel host-phage transcriptional activity associations in the human gut microbiome. Our results indicated that smRandom-seq2 is a high-throughput and high-resolution smRNA-seq technique that is highly adaptable to complex microbial communities in real-world situations and promises new perspectives in the understanding of human microbiomes.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics* ; Bacteriophages/physiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods* ; Bacteria/virology*

Shengyutang is a famous classical formula of tonic， which is made from Siwutang with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Astragali Radix. It is included in the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas（The First Batch）. Based on the Principles of Key Information Research of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas， this paper used bibliometrics to sort out and research the key information of Shengyutang in the aspects of history， composition， origin and processing， dosage， decocting method， efficacy and indications. After research， it has been found that this formula was first recorded in Lanshi Micang written by LI Dongyuan during the Jin dynasty， composed of Rehmanniae Radix， Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata， Chuanxiong Rhizoma， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis taproot. The name of the formula passed down through generations was relatively unified， with clear origins and veins. In later generations， this formula was the mainstream， and adjustments were made to the dosage and composition according to the indication. In the formula， Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus was selected as the origin of Astragali Radix， and the origins of other medicinal materials were consistent with the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Except for Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata， the other medicinal materials were made from raw products， and the dosage form was boiled powder. According to the measurement standard in the Jin dynasty， the recommended usage and dosage were 1.24 g of Rehmanniae Radix， Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata， Chuanxiong Rhizoma， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma each， 2.07 g of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis taproot each， crushed into coarse particles that pass through the 4 mesh sieve but can't pass through the 10 mesh sieve， added 1 200 mL of water and boiled to 300 mL， and removed the residue. Shengyutang has the functions of tonifying Qi and blood， and blood intake， treating various sores， and restlessness and insomnia caused by excessive blood flow. In ancient times， this formula was widely used in the treatment of surgical sores， gynecological diseases， deficiency syndrome， etc. In modern clinical practice， it is mostly used to treat gynecological， neurological， musculoskeletal， hematological diseases caused by Qi and blood deficiency. In this paper， the key information of Shengyutang was researched by reviewing relevant ancient literature， in order to provide reference for the modern application and development of this formula.

Purpose To investigate the incidence and risk of malignancy(ROM)of the Bethesda class Ⅰ/Ⅲ di-agnosis of thyroid nodules due to insufficient number of follicular cells,and to analyze the correlation between their in-sufficient cell volume and the characteristics of the nodules themselves from the perspective of ultrasound and histology.Methods Clinical data were collected from fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC)of the thyroid gland.Review and statistical analysis was performed on cases with the Bethesda class Ⅰ/Ⅲ diagnosis due to insufficient cell volume.The incidence and the ROM of Bethesda class Ⅰ/Ⅲ diagnosis were calculated.BRAF V600E(+)or postoperative patho-logical indicating papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)was used as the criterion for malignancy.Then,we matched the Bethesda class Ⅱ/Ⅵ cases with sufficient cell volume as the control group.The ultrasound characteristics and histo-logical images of the two groups were compared and analyzed in order to reveal the correlation between the insufficient amount of penetrating cells and the objective characteristics of the nodule itself.Results There were 39 solid thyroid nodules with the Bethesda class Ⅰ diagnosis,with an incidence of 3.3％and a ROM of 38.5％,and 160 nodules with the Bethesda class Ⅲ diagnosis,with an incidence of 13.5％and a ROM of 59.4％.The incidence and ROM of nod-ules with C-TIRADS ≥4b(22.4％,67.6％)were higher than those of C-TIRADS ≤4a(12.7％,39.8％),and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).Compared to the Bethesda class Ⅱ/Ⅵ nodules with sufficient cell volume,occurrence of the Bethesda class Ⅰ/Ⅲ nodules were significantly correlated with small nodules(maximal diameter＜5 mm),vertical growth(aspect ratio ≥ 1)and poor blood supply(no or little blood flow signals)(r=0.131,-0.230,0.237,P=0.008,＜0.001,＜0.001).They were also significantly correlated with the pathologic histologic structure of diffuse significant fibrosis of the interstitium and low parenchyma/interstitium composition ratio(about 1:1)(r=-0.269,-0.396,P=0.019,＜0.001).Conclusion Thyroid Bethesda class Ⅰ/Ⅲ nodules have a high ROM,and BRAF V600E detection is recommended as a tool of tiered management.Bethesda class Ⅰ/Ⅲ diagnosis of insufficient cell volume is more likely when the nodules are too small,grow vertically and lack blood sup-ply,presumably associated with extensive interstitial fibrosis and sparse parenchymal cells.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of the endometrial microbiota in patients with varying degrees of intrauterine adhesion (IUA).Methods:This single-center cross-sectional observational study enrolled 115 patients with IUA who were treated at the Hysteroscopic Center of Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, from May 2022 to October 2023. After quality control and data preprocessing, 81 samples met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Patients were grouped according to an established IUA scoring and grading system into mild IUA ( n=38) and moderate-to-severe IUA ( n=43). Endometrial tissue was collected under sterile conditions. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted, the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region was amplified, and sequencing was performed on an Illumina platform. Differences in endometrial microbiota diversity and composition were compared between the two groups. Results:Patients with varying degrees of IUA exhibited comparable species richness, evenness and diversity of endometrial microbiota. At the phylum level, the endometrial microbiota across all subjects was predominantly composed of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, with Proteobacteria (32.29%) and Firmicutes (23.82%) showing the highest mean relative abundances. At the genus level, Ralstonia (16.67%), Lactobacillus (13.45%), and Streptococcus (7.07%) were the most abundant genera. Group comparisons showed that the abundance of Ralstonia was higher in the mild IUA group, whereas Lactobacillus, Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas were more abundant in the moderate-to-severe IUA group; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance (all P>0.05). LEfSe analysis further indicated that Lactobacillus, Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas, Aeromonas, Ureaplasma and Acetobacterium were relatively enriched in the moderate-to-severe IUA group, while Geobacillus, Stomatobaculum and Fusicatenibacter were more abundant in the mild IUA group. Conclusion:The composition of the endometrial microbiota differs among patients with varying IUA severity. IUA progression may be associated with alterations in the endometrial microbiota; however, causal relationships and underlying mechanisms require further investigation.

Objective:To develop outcome indicators for the implementation of comprehensive inter-ventions targeting the multimorbidity of myopia and obesity in children and adolescents,providing a basis for the co-prevention of multimorbidity and the outcome measurement of implementation research in children and adolescents.Methods:Based on the RE-AIM framework,a preliminary set of indicators was constructed.The Delphi method was employed,with experts scoring and providing feedback on the proposed indicators via questionnaires.After each round of consultation,expert enthusiasm index,authority coefficient,coordination degree,and consensus level were calculated.Expert opinions were col-lected and analyzed to modify,delete,or add indicators based on consultation results and screening crite-ria.Two Delphi rounds were conducted until consensus was achieved.Results:A total of 28 experts par-ticipated actually in both rounds.The Kendall's W coefficients for the two rounds of expert consultation were0.352(x2=413.952,P＜0.001)and 0.499(x2=405.044,P＜0.001),both statistically sig-nificant.The final outcome indicators for implementation research on comprehensive interventions for myopia and obesity comorbidity in children and adolescents included five primary dimensions with 13 secondary and 20 tertiary indicators.The dimension of reach included the number of children and adoles-cents involved,participant representativeness,and full-course participation representativeness.The di-mension of effectiveness included multimorbidity incidence,myopia incidence,spherical equivalent,body mass index(BMI),overweight and obesity prevalence,waist-to-height ratio,comprehensive health knowledge score,and comprehensive health behavior score.The dimension of adoption covered school representativeness and representativeness of school nurses and teachers involved in implementation.The dimension of implementation included fidelity,content modification,and cost.The dimension of mainte-nance included individual health outcomes and organizational sustainment.Conclusion:This study developed implementation outcome indicators for comprehensive interventions targeting multimorbidity of myopia and obesity among the children and adolescents based on the RE-AIM framework.These indica-tors can serve as a reference for optimizing intervention research strategies related to common multimor-bidity among children and adolescents in China.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of lightroom therapy on depressive mood and sleep problems in patients with depression, and the potential effects on physiological indices related to circadian rhythms.Methods:From October 2021 to July 2023, 54 patients with acute-phase depression hospitalized in the Mental Health Center of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University were recruited. The participants were randomly assigned to either medication combined with the bright light therapy group (bright light group, n=36) or medication combined with the dim light therapy group (dim light group, n=18). Both groups received light therapy for 2 weeks, at 10 000 lx in the bright light group and 300 lx in the dim light group. Both groups received 30 minutes of light therapy from 7:30-8:00 a.m daily over two weeks, followed up for 1 week post-treatment. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD 17) was used to assess patients′ depressive symptoms, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess patients′ sleep quality at baseline, at the end of every week. The 32-Item Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) was used at the end of week 2 to assess the risk of manic switching after treatment. Daily measurements of body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure were taken before and after light therapy, along with recording adverse events related to the therapy. Paired t- tests were used to compare changes in physiological indicators before and after treatment, and repeated measures ANOVA was applied to compare clinical symptom changes between the two groups. Results:Thirty-one and fifteen patients completed this study in the bright light and dim light groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference in dropout rates( P>0.05). There were significant interaction effects between the time and group for HAMD 17 and PSQI score( F=5.51,4.11, both P<0.05). Both groups showed significant reductions in HAMD 17 and PSQI scores at baseline, week 1, week 2, and week 3 ( P<0.001). In the bright light group, body temperature increased significantly post-treatment on days 1-4, day 7, and day 12 (all P<0.05). Heart rate elevated on day 5 ( P<0.05).Systolic blood pressure decreased on days 4, 5, 11, and 12 compared to the pre-treatment baseline(all P<0.05). In the dim light group, systolic blood pressure increased on day 11 ( P<0.05). Diastolic blood pressure in the bright light group decreased on days 1, 5, and 6( P<0.05). No serious adverse events, vision loss, ocular structural changes occurred in either group. No hypomania or mania episodes were observed. The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Medication combined with indoor bright light is more effective than the combination of dim light for depressive symptoms and sleep problems in patients with depression. Patients receiving bright light also may exhibit a higher body temperature, accelerated heart rate, and reduced blood pressure.

Objective:To explore the effects of childhood trauma on resting blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability in patients with depression.Methods:A cross-sectional study was designed to prospectively collect clinical data on a total of 163 patients with depression, including 47 males and 116 females, aged 18-50 years,with mean[ M( Q1, Q3)] [29.0, (21.0, 37.0)]years, who were either the outpatients or the inpatients in the Mental Health Center of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from September 2022 to June 2024. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short form (CTQ-SF) was used to assess the experience of abuse and neglect during childhood. According to the CTQ-SF score, the subjects were divided into a trauma group ( n=80) and a non-trauma group ( n=83). The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD 17) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms in the participants, respectively. A digital blood pressure monitor and an autonomic nervous system response detector were employed to measure resting blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability (HRV). Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between childhood trauma and resting blood pressure, heart rate, and HRV. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to analyze factors influencing these parameters. The Bootstrap method was employed to test the potential mediating role of parasympathetic nervous system activity in the relationships between childhood trauma and resting blood pressure, and heart rate. Results:No significant difference was observed in resting heart rate between the trauma and non-trauma groups ( P>0.05). However, the trauma group exhibited higher resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure [(123.3±9.1) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs(116.9±10.8) mmHg, (80.0±8.6) mmHg vs (77.0±8.0) mmHg; Z=4.08, 2.24, all P<0.05]. HRV indices, including the standard deviation of normal to normal interval (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), total power (TP), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF), were significantly lower in the trauma group [25.3 (19.4, 30.4) me vs 36.3 (27.4, 49.0) ms, 18.3 (12.9, 27.2) me vs 26.2 (19.0, 38.5) ms, 6.0(5.4, 6.5)ms 2vs 7.0(6.3, 7.4)ms 2,4.4(3.7,5.3)ms 2vs 5.8(4.9,6.3)ms 2, 4.2(3.4, 5.2)ms 2vs 5.2(4.6, 6.1)ms 2, respectively; all P<0.001]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that childhood trauma experiences in patients with depression were positively correlated with resting systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure ( r=0.309, 0.236; P<0.01), childhood trauma was negatively correlated with HRV (SDNN, RMSSD, TP, LF, HF) ( r=-0.264, -0.274, -0.271, -0.235, -0.279; all P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that childhood trauma was positively correlated with resting-state systolic blood pressure and resting-state diastolic blood pressure ( β=0.305, 0.291; all P<0.001). Childhood trauma was negatively correlated with RMSSD, TP, LF, and HF( β=-0.244, -0.249, -0.233, -0.263; all P<0.01). Mediation effect analysis showed that parasympathetic activity partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and resting systolic blood pressure (effect size 0.04, standard error 0.02, 95% CI=0.01-0.09), accounting for 14.29% (0.04/0.28) of the total effect. Conclusion:Childhood trauma experiences are associated with elevated resting blood pressure and reduced HRV in patients with depression. Decreased parasympathetic activity partially mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and elevated resting systolic blood pressure in these patients.