Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Objective:To explore the association between salivary galectin-3(Gal-3)and periodontitis stage.Methods:For this cross-sectional study,35 patients for each periodontitis Stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ group were recruited,and 35 periodontally healthy subjects were included in the control group.Salivary level of Gal-3 was examined by ELISA.The association between Gal-3 and periodontitis stage was analyzed.Results:The median levels(M(Q1,Q3),ng/mL]of salivary Gal-3 in the healthy control group and the peri-odontitis Stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups were 89.40(84.56,96.58),98.26(89.15,112.29),136.22(116.21,144.33)and 183.27(161.45,196.92),respectively.Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test showed that there was a sequential effect between salivary Gal-3 level and the stage of periodontitis(Z=10.178,Ptrend＜0.001).Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that the level of Gal-3 was posi-tively correlated with PD,CAL,BI,BOP and PLI respectively(P＜0.001).Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that Gal-3 level was significantly associated with periodontitis Stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,the adjusted odds ratio(aOR)were 1.061(95％CI:1.016-1.108,P=0.008),1.181(95％CI:1.105-1.202,P＜0.001)and 1.267(95％CI:1.177-1.365,P＜0.001),respectively.ROC curves showed that the AUCs of Gal-3 in the predicting stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ periodontitis were 0.685(95％CI:0.167-0.524,P=0.005),0.958(95％CI:0.167-0.524,P＜0.001)and 0.997(95％CI:0.942-1.000,P＜0.001),respectively.Conclusion:Salivary Gal-3 level is significantly correlated with periodontitis stage,and it might be a potential biological marker for predicting peri-odontitis severity.