Osteonecrosis of the mandible is also called avascular necrosis of the jaw, and it is a rare complication of bisphosphonates. It is characterized with pain, swelling, exposure of bone, local infection and pathologic fractures of the jaw. With the widespread usage of bisphosphonates in bone metastasis of malignant tumors and osteoporosis, this rare complication has received more attention in recent years. Here, we reported a case of bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) caused by intravenous zoledronic acid for osteoporosis. A 62-year-old female patient with 7-year history of Sjögren's syndrome and 3-year history of osteoporosis developed BRONJ after 3-year treatment of zoledronic acid. Two months before she went to the Peking University International Hospital, she visited the dentist for periodontal purulent secretion and extracted one tooth from the right mandible. However, the condition was not improved and she felt persistent pain and swelling in the right mandible. Hence, she received repeated root curettage, but there was no improvement. Finally, she was diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the mandible based on the digital volume tomography scan, which showed right mandibular osteonecrosis bone destruction. She underwent surgical debridement of the necrotic bone and administered intravenous antibio-tics at the Peking University International Hospital. Histopathological analysis of the bone biopsy further confirmed the diagnosis of BRONJ. Her condition was improved successfully during a 3-year follow-up. Osteonecrosis of the mandible become more common with the increased use of bisphosphonates. Recent study has reported that osteonecrosis of the mandible is more likely to occur in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. In addition, age, long-term and irregular administration of glucocorticoids, irregular oral examination and treatment also might be the risk factors in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the mandible. For the elder osteoporosis patients who would receive or had received bisphosphonate-related drugs, oral health status and the disease states associated with necrosis of the mandible such as Sjögren's syndrome should be comprehensively measured and fully evaluated during the whole process. Furthermore, to better understand and prevent or reduce the occurrence of this complication, we reviewed the patho-genesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of BRONJ.
Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw/etiology* ; Diphosphonates/administration & dosage* ; Zoledronic Acid ; Imidazoles/administration & dosage* ; Bone Density Conservation Agents/adverse effects* ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy*

Objective To explore the application effect of the dual-track nursing intervention model in the treatment process of children with lobar pneumonia.Methods A total of 186 children with lobar pneumonia were selected and randomly divided into control group and intervention group u-sing a double-blind method,with 93 cases in each group.The control group received conventional nursing intervention,while the intervention group implemented the dual-track nursing intervention model on the basis of conventional nursing.This model included the establishment and training of nurs-ing teams,personalized nursing plans,health education,and psychological support.Outside the hos-pital,it emphasized family support,regular follow-up guidance,and community-based collaborative ed-ucation.Both groups received a 3-week intervention.The improvement times of clinical symptoms,hos-pital stay,pulmonary function indicators before and after nursing,treatment compliance,and family members' satisfaction with nursing were compared and analyzed between the two groups.Results The fever resolution time[(3.89±0.96)d],cough relief time[(6.21±1.34)d],disappearance time of pulmonary rales[(7.89±1.56)d],and hospital stay duration[(9.45±1.89)d]in the intervention group were all shorter than those in the control group[(5.23±1.14),(7.45±1.67),(9.32±2.01),and(11.28±2.35)d,respectively],with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).After nursing,the forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)[(1.51±0.22)L],forced vital capacity(FVC)[(1.75±0.25)L],and FEV1/FVC[(94.12±5.65)％]in the intervention group were all higher than those in the control group[(1.42±0.15)L,(1.66±0.22)L,and(85.73±8.41)％,respectively],with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The scores for exami-nation cooperation[(23.91±3.82)points],nursing cooperation[(24.19±4.03)points],standardized medication use[(24.26±3.94)points],and rational diet[(23.77±3.62)points]in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group[(20.16±3.53),(19.64±3.46),(23.05±3.68),and(18.85±3.41)points,respectively],with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The satisfaction rate of family members with nursing work in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(98.92％versus 89.25％,P＜0.05).Conclusion The dual-track nursing intervention model has a signifi-cant application effect in children with lobar pneumonia.It can accelerate their recovery process,improve treatment compliance,promote pulmonary function improvement,and enhance family mem-bers' satisfaction.

Objective:To evaluate the prognostic values of parameters from hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) after static cold storage (SCS) on short-term outcomes of kidney transplantation.Method:From February 2023 to October 2023, the authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical and HMP data of recipients undergoing adult deceased donor kidney transplantation at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. HMP resistance and renal arterial anatomical variants were utilized for subgroup analysis. The primary endpoints were delayed graft function (DGF) and whether or not creatine level normalized. The secondary endpoints were the lowest creatine level within 1 month post-kidney transplantation, reduction extent of creatinine level, duration for creatine level to decline to the lowest and duration for creatinine normalization. Single and multiple variable analyses were utilized for examining the correlation between HMP parameters and short-term postoperative outcomes.Result:A total of 157 recipients were included for analysis. Mean serum creatinine level was (870.0±283.9) μmol/L and mean trough creatinine level within 1 month postoperatively (118.5±63.5) μmol/L. Sixteen recipients (10.2%) had delayed graft function (DGF) and creatinine failed to normalize in 10 receipients (6.4%). Average time for creatinine to decline to the lowest level within 1 month was (14.5±7.6) d (3~30 d) and average time for creatinine to normalize (6.4±5.8) d (1~30 d). Multiple variable regression analysis revealed that terminal resistant index was independently correlated with multiple events, including DGF ( P<0.01), whether or not creatinine level normalized within 1 month ( P=0.001), reduction extent of creatinine level ( P<0.01) and duration for creatinine normalization ( P=0.024) . Conclusion:Parameters of HMP after SCS are capable of predicting the short-term outcomes of kidney transplantation. Terminal resistant index is an independent risk factor for several prognostic events.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ozone injection therapy for lumbar disc hemiation(LDH).Methods A computerized retrieval of academic papers concerning the randomized controlled trial(RCT)on ozone injection therapy for LDH from the databases of Embase,PubMed,Cochrane library and Web of science was conducted.The retrieval time period was from the establishment of the database to February 2023.The literature retrieval,screening,and data extraction were independently performed by two researchers.Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to assess the quality of the included literature.Stata 17.0 software was used to make meta-analysis.Results A total of 9 RCTs including 702 patients were finally included in this study.The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with radiofrequency thermocoagulation,percutaneous rotation and other treatments for LDH,the combination use of ozone injection could signifiicantly improve the effective rate based on Macnab efficacy evaluation criteria(RR=1.097,95％CI:1.038～1.159,P=0.001)and the excellent rate(RR=1.185～95％CI:1.074～1.309,P=0.001),and decrease the visual analog scale(VAS)pain score(WMD=-0.810～95％CI:-1.205～-0.414,P=0.000),and the differences in the above indexes were statistically significant.Conclusion Compared with the simple use of radiofrequency thermocoagulation,percutaneous rotation,and other treatment for LDH,the combination use of ozone injection therapy can significantly improve the effective rate and excellent rate based on Macnab efficacy evaluation criteria,decrease VAS score,with a high clinical safety.Limited by the quantity and quality of the original studies included in this study,the above conclusions need to be further verified by multi-center,large-sample and high-quality studies.

Objective To analyse the concept of subjective financial distress in cancer patients.Methods Papers in regarding the subjective financial distress were retrieved from the databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wangfang Database,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CINAHL,and Embase from the inceptions to 16th October,2022.Walker and Avant's concept analysis was performed to analyse the acquired articles.Results A total of 48 articles were retrieved and included in the study.Walker and Avant's concept analysis showed that the subjective financial distress in the patients was subject to the 3 defining attributes:perceived economic risk,coping behaviours,and negative emotional reactions.The antecedents of this distress included individual factors,disease and treatment factors,and social factors.The consequences of them were the increase in negative health behaviours and poorer quality of life.Conclusions The attributes,antecedents and consequences of subjective financial distress,as identified through the conceptual analysis,can serve as a reference for subsequent researches.In future studies,it would be beneficial by further exploring the connotation by considering China's healthcare system.

Objective To standardize the selection of clinical research outcome indicators,which can objectively evaluate the clinical efficacy or effect of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.This study aims to standardize the construction of the core outcome set of clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.Methods We followed the core outcome set development specification(COS-STAD)to carry out research,established a research working group,which set up a Delphi-method advisory group.Two graduate students of working group conducted a document research and meetings of patients to establishe an outcome set item pool of myasthenia gravis in clinical trials of Chinese medicine under the instruction of other members.With the questionnaire based on the content of item pool,we then carried out Delphi-method expert consultations and a consensus meeting.Results The core outcome set of clinical research on myasthenia gravis treated with traditional Chinese medicine included five outcome domains:endpoint outcome,myasthenia gravis symptom evaluation,medication evaluation,quality of life evaluation and safety outcome;Nine outcome measures:recurrence rate,incidence of hormone complications,incidence of crisis,QMGS scale(MGFA quantitative myasthenia gravis score),daily activity scale of MG patients(ADL),analysis of immunosuppressant dosage,analysis of glucocorticoid dosage,analysis of cholinesterase inhibitor dosage,and incidence of adverse events.Conclusion The five outcome domains and nine outcome measures included in the core outcome set can be used as outcome options for the efficacy evaluation of myasthenia gravis clinical research.

Financial toxicity is widely present among caregivers of cancer patients and has adverse effects on the health outcomes of patients and their caregivers. This article reviews the relevant concepts, current status and impacts, evaluation tools, influencing factors, and interventions of financial toxicity of caregivers for cancer patients, aiming to provide a basis for the research on financial toxicity of caregivers for cancer patients.

Objective:To analyze the duration of the second stage of labor without epidural anesthesia and its association with pregnancy outcome.Methods:This retrospective study involved 12 789 women who delivered without epidural anesthesia in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017. These subjects were divided into primipara group (9 517 cases) and multipara group (3 272 cases). Demographic characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes and the duration of the second stage of labor were compared between the two groups using two independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test (Fisher's exact test). Differences in the maternal and neonatal outcomes were also analyzed among different subgroups in primiparae [length of second stage: <1 h group ( n=6 265), ≥1-2 h group ( n=2 305), ≥2-3 h group ( n=831) and ≥3 h group ( n=116)] and multiparae [length of second stage <1 h group ( n=3 144), ≥1-2 h group ( n=102) and ≥2 h group ( n=26)]. The association between second stage length and pregnancy outcomes was analyzed with Cramer's V. After adjusted for maternal age, gestational weeks at delivery, body mass index before pregnancy, complications during pregnancy and neonatal birth weight, the relationship between the duration of the second stage and adverse outcomes was analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. Results:The 95 th percentile of the second-stage labor duration was 143 min for primiparae and 52 min for multiparae. The rates of vaginal delivery, forceps delivery, cesarean section in the second stage, episiotomy, third- or fourth-degree perineal laceration, postpartum hemorrhage, grade Ⅱ postpartum hemorrhage, transfusion, umbilical arterial blood gas pH<7.15 and transferring to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were all correlated with the duration of second stage in primiparae (Cramer's V values: 0.22, 0.23, 0.03, 0.22, 0.05, 0.10, 0.03, 0.03, 0.03 and 0.07, respectively, all P<0.05), and so did those of vaginal delivery, forceps delivery, episiotomy, postpartum hemorrhage, grade Ⅱ postpartum hemorrhage, transfusion and transferring to NICU in multiparae (Cramer's V values: 0.18, 0.19, 0.28, 0.14, 0.09, 0.13 and 0.06, respectively, all P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that in primiparae, the duration of second stage >1 h was an independent risk factor for episiotomy, third- or fourth-degree perineum laceration, forceps delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, admission to NICU and umbilical arterial blood gas pH<7.15 [adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.080 (1.907-2.268), 1.773 (1.080-2.911), 1.625 (1.420-1.859), 1.365 (1.231- 1.514), 1.305 (1.165-1.462) and 1.246 (1.081-1.436), respectively], while second stage length >2 h was the independent risk factor for episiotomy, forceps delivery, third- or fourth-degree perineum laceration, postpartum hemorrhage, grade Ⅱ postpartum hemorrhage, blood transfusion, admission to NICU and umbilical arterial blood gas pH<7.15 [adjusted OR (95% CI): 4.844 (4.132-5.678), 4.223 (3.571-4.993), 3.289 (1.806-5.989), 1.952 (1.675-2.274), 1.781 (1.057-3.001), 1.654 (1.025-2.668), 1.682 (1.421-1.991) and 1.298 (1.039-1.620), respectively]. In multiparae, the length of second stage >1 h was an independent risk factor for episiotomy, blood transfusion, forceps delivery, postpartum hemorrhage and admission to NICU [adjusted OR (95% CI): 8.796 (5.717-13.534), 7.469 (2.874-19.411), 6.135 (3.217-11.699), 2.697 (1.624-4.477) and 1.814 (1.063-3.097), respectively], while the duration of second stage >2 h was the independent risk factor for episiotomy, third- or fourth-degree perineum laceration, blood transfusion, grade Ⅱ postpartum hemorrhage, forceps delivery and postpartum hemorrhage [adjusted OR (95% CI): 38.868 (14.948-101.063), 28.046 (2.780-282.490), 20.076 (5.384-74.866), 16.327 (3.406-78.274), 14.337 (5.351-38.411) and 9.036 (3.880-21.011), respectively]. Conclusions:The duration of the second stage of labor without epidural anesthesia is between that reported by Friedman and by Zhang. A prolonged second stage of labor may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective:To systematically review the prevalence, influencing factors of financial toxicity and coping strategies in cancer patients.Methods:The studies on financial toxicity among cancer patients were searched in PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, WangFang Data, CNKI, Sinomed, VIP from inception to June 2022. Stata14.0 software was used to analyze the prevalence of financial toxicity and coping strategies with a single group meta-analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results:A total of 25 papers including 2 939 cancer patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that the prevalence of financial toxicity in cancer patients was 47% (95% CI 39%-55%). The influencing factors of financial toxicity included sociodemographic factors, disease related factors, medical insurance related factors and psychological factors. Conclusions:The high incidence of financial toxicity in cancer patients is associated with a variety of factors. Health care professionals should pay attention to early screening of cancer patients, dynamically collect relevant data such as patient expenditure items, continuously assess patients' economic status, and make relevant preventive efforts.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of patent foramen ovale (PFO) on the perioperative complications and survival rate in pediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation.Methods:The medical records from pediatric patients of either sex with biliary atresia, aged<18 yr, who underwent living donor liver transplantation from January 2020 to January 2022, were retrospectively collected. The pediatric patients were divided into PFO group and non-PFO group according to the results of echocardiography before operation. The postreperfusion syndrome, acute lung injury, acute kidney injury, postoperative delirium and 1-year survival rate were recorded.Results:There was no significant difference in the incidence of postreperfusion syndrome, acute lung injury, acute kidney injury, postoperative delirium and one-year survival rate between PFO group and non-PFO group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:PFO has no obvious effect on the incidece of intraoperative and early postoperative complications and 1-year survival rate in pediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation.