Addressing the enduring challenge of evaluating traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), the integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCMs (Eff-iEC) has emerged. This paper explored its capacity through a demonstration study that evaluated the effectiveness evidence of six commonly used anti-hepatic fibrosis Chinese patent medicines (CPMs), including Biejiajian Pill (BP), Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DZP), Biejia Ruangan Compound (BRC), Fuzheng Huayu Capsule (FHC), Anluo Huaxian Pill (AHP), and Heluo Shugan Capsule (HSC), using both Eff-iEC and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The recognition of these CPMs within the TCM academic community was also assessed through their inclusion in relevant medical documents. Results showed that the evidence of BRC and FHC received higher assessments in both Eff-iEC and GRADE system, while the assessments for others varied. Analysis of community recognition revealed that Eff-iEC more accurately reflects the clinical value of these CPMs, exhibiting superior evaluative capabilities. By breaking through the conventional pattern of TCMs effectiveness evaluation, Eff-iEC offers a novel epistemology that better aligns with the clinical realities and reasoning of TCMs, providing a coherent methodology for clinical decision-making, new drug evaluations, and health policy formulation.

The application of pesticides(mostly insecticides and fungicides)during the tea-planting process will undoubtedly increase the dietary risk associated with drinking tea.Thus,it is necessary to ascertain whether pesticide residues in tea products exceed the maximum residue limits.However,the complex matrices present in tea samples comprise a major challenge in the analytical detection of pesticide residues.In this study,nine types of lateral flow immunochromatographic strips(LFICSs)were developed to detect the pesticides of interest(fenpropathrin,chlorpyrifos,imidacloprid,thiamethoxam,acet-amiprid,carbendazim,chlorothalonil,pyraclostrobin,and iprodione).To reduce the interference of tea substrates on the assay sensitivity,the pretreatment conditions for tea samples,including the extraction solvent,extraction time,and purification agent,were optimized for the simultaneous detection of these pesticides.The entire testing procedure(including pretreatment and detection)could be completed within 30 min.The detected results of authentic tea samples were confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS),which suggest that the LFICS coupled with sample rapid pretreatment can be used for on-site rapid screening of the target pesticide in tea products prior to their market release.

Phytoremediation plays an important role in the treatment of heavy metal pollution in soil. In order to elucidate the mechanism of salicylic acid (SA) on copper absorption, seedlings from Xuzhou (with strong Cu-tolerance) and Weifang Helianthus tuberosus cultivars (with weak Cu-tolerance) were selected for pot culture experiments. 1 mmol/L SA was sprayed upon 300 mg/kg soil copper stress, and the photosynthesis, leaf antioxidant system, several essential mineral nutrients and the changes of root upon copper stress were analyzed to explore the mechanism of copper resistance. The results showed that Pn, Tr, Gs and Ci upon copper stress decreased significantly compared to the control group. Meanwhile, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid decreased with significant increase in initial fluorescence (F₀), maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm), electron transfer rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) content all decreased. The ascorbic acid (AsA) content was decreased, the glutathione (GSH) value was increased, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in the leaves were decreased, and the peroxidase (POD) activity was significantly increased. SA increased the Cu content in the ground and root system, and weakened the nutrient uptake capacity of K, Ca, Mg, and Zn in the root stem and leaves. Spray of exogenous SA can maintain the opening of leaf stomata, improve the adverse effect of copper on photosynthetic pigment and PSⅡ reaction center. Mediating the SOD and APX activity started the AsA-GSH cycle process, effectively regulated the antioxidant enzyme system in chrysanthemum taro, significantly reduced the copper content of all parts of the plant, and improved the ion exchange capacity in the body. External SA increased the content of the negative electric group on the root by changing the proportion of components in the root, promoted the absorption of mineral nutrient elements and the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances, strengthened the fixation effect of the root on metal copper, and avoided its massive accumulation in the H. tuberosus body, so as to alleviate the inhibitory effect of copper on plant growth. The study revealed the physiological regulation of SA upon copper stress, and provided a theoretical basis for planting H. tuberosus to repair soil copper pollution.
Antioxidants ; Copper ; Helianthus/metabolism* ; Salicylic Acid/pharmacology* ; Chlorophyll A/pharmacology* ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Chlorophyll/pharmacology* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism* ; Photosynthesis ; Glutathione ; Plant Leaves ; Stress, Physiological ; Seedlings

BACKGROUND: LY01005 (Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection) is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist injected monthly. This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China. This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections. The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression ≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone ≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85. Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of -10%. Secondary endpoints included significant castration (≤20 ng/dL), testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing, and changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prostate specific antigen levels. RESULTS: On day 29, in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups, testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3% (142/143) and 100% (140/140) of patients, respectively, with a difference of -0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.9% to 2.0%) between the two groups. The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3% and 97.8%, respectively, with a between-group difference of 1.5% (95% CI, -1.3% to 4.4%). Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority. Secondary endpoints were similar between groups. Both treatments were well-tolerated. LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant (0% vs . 1.4% [2/145]). CONCLUSION: LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels, with a similar safety profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04563936.
Humans ; Male ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use* ; East Asian People ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/agonists* ; Goserelin/therapeutic use* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Testosterone

Background:Crohn's disease(CD)was a kind of inflammatory bowel disease,whichwas chronic and recurrent attacked,seriously affect the quality of life of patients.Its pathogenesis is not clear.Aims:To study the effect of hsa_circRNA_103124 which was highly expressed in CD on its downstream gene expression,and the expression level of hsa_circRNA_103124 and its downstream genes in Crohn's disease.The mechanism of hsa_circRNA_103124 in the occurrence and development of CD was discussed in this study.Methods:Transcriptome sequencing revealed differentially expressed genes inhsa_circRNA_103124 overexpressed THP1 cells which was induced macrophage-like differentiation with PMA.IL4 was used to induce macrophage M2 differentiation in hsa_circRNA_103124 overexpressed THP1 cells.The expression levels of M2 differentiation markers CD206 and CD163 were detected by flow cytometry.The expression levels of hsa_circRNA_103124 and its downstream genes were analyzed by qPCR.The levels of hsa_circRNA_103124 and mRNA of its downstream genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 30 patients with CD and 30 healthy controls were analyzed by qPCR.Results:Hsa_circRNA_103124 overexpressed and PMA-induced THP1 cells showed low expression of FGF18(P<0.01).Hsa_circRNA_103124 inhibited macrophage M2 differentiation and down-regulated the expression of CD206(P<0.05)and CD163(P<0.01).The expression of FGF18(P<0.05)and CCL2(P<0.05)was down-regulated in M2-polarized THP1 cells with hsa_circRNA_103124 overexpressed.The expression of hsa_circRNA_103124(P<0.05)in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CD patients was up-regulated,and the expression of FGF18(P<0.01)and CCL2(P<0.05)was down-regulated.Conclusions:The high expression of hsa_circRNA_103124 in peripheral blood of patients with CD inhibits the M2 polarization of macrophages by down-regulating the expression levels of FGF18 and CCL2,which may play a role in promoting inflammation in the occurrence and development of CD.

Objective:To clarify the clinicopathological, especially molecular, features of early-onset gastric cancer with the aim of informing analysis of treatment strategies.Methods:In this retrospective case-control study, we examined data from a dedicated gastric cancer database in Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University. The original cohort comprised 2506 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone gastrectomy in Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University from July 2020 to October 2021, including 198 with early-onset gastric cancer (aged ≤45 years) and 2,308 with non-early gastric cancer. We used a simple random sampling method to select 396 of the 2,308 patients aged >45 years (ratio of 1:2) as the control group and then compared molecular diagnostic data and clinicopathological features of the two groups.Results:The median age was 39 years in the early-onset gastric cancer group, while 66 years in the control group. The clinicopathological features of early-onset gastric cancer included female predominance (59.1% [117/198] vs. 27.8% [110/396], χ 2=54.816, P<0.001), less comorbidity (32.3% [64/198] vs. 57.1% [226/396], χ 2=32.355, P<0.001), poorer differentiation (93.9% [186/198] vs. 74.5% [295/396], χ 2=30.777, P<0.001) and higher proportion of diffuse type (40.4% [80/198] vs. 15.9% [63/396], χ 2=69.639, P<0.001), distant metastasis (7.1% [14/198] vs. 2.8% [11/396], χ 2=6.034, P=0.014). Regarding treatment, distal gastrectomy was more commonly performed than proximal gastrectomy (55.1% [109/198] vs. 47.0% [186/396], 1.5% [3/198] vs. 8.3% [33/396], χ 2=11.644, P=0.003). Family history of gastric cancer, TNM stage, tumor size, lymph node dissection, nerve invasion, nodes harboring metastases, range of lymph node dissection, digestive tract reconstruction procedure, implementation of laparoscopic surgery, combined resection, and preoperative treatment did not differ significantly between the two groups (all P>0.05). Molecular diagnosis showed there was a smaller percentage of mismatch repair deficiency in the early-onset gastric cancer than in the control group (1.0% [2/198] vs. 10.1% [40/396], χ 2=16.301, P<0.001), and a higher rate of positivity for Claudin 18.2 (77.8% [154/198] vs. 53.0% [210/396], χ 2=5.442, P<0.001). HER-2 and Epstein–Barr virus positivity rates did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion:Early-onset gastric cancer is a distinct type of gastric cancer with a high degree of malignancy, and treatment targeting Claudin 18.2 may be effective.

Objective:To clarify the clinicopathological, especially molecular, features of early-onset gastric cancer with the aim of informing analysis of treatment strategies.Methods:In this retrospective case-control study, we examined data from a dedicated gastric cancer database in Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University. The original cohort comprised 2506 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone gastrectomy in Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University from July 2020 to October 2021, including 198 with early-onset gastric cancer (aged ≤45 years) and 2,308 with non-early gastric cancer. We used a simple random sampling method to select 396 of the 2,308 patients aged >45 years (ratio of 1:2) as the control group and then compared molecular diagnostic data and clinicopathological features of the two groups.Results:The median age was 39 years in the early-onset gastric cancer group, while 66 years in the control group. The clinicopathological features of early-onset gastric cancer included female predominance (59.1% [117/198] vs. 27.8% [110/396], χ 2=54.816, P<0.001), less comorbidity (32.3% [64/198] vs. 57.1% [226/396], χ 2=32.355, P<0.001), poorer differentiation (93.9% [186/198] vs. 74.5% [295/396], χ 2=30.777, P<0.001) and higher proportion of diffuse type (40.4% [80/198] vs. 15.9% [63/396], χ 2=69.639, P<0.001), distant metastasis (7.1% [14/198] vs. 2.8% [11/396], χ 2=6.034, P=0.014). Regarding treatment, distal gastrectomy was more commonly performed than proximal gastrectomy (55.1% [109/198] vs. 47.0% [186/396], 1.5% [3/198] vs. 8.3% [33/396], χ 2=11.644, P=0.003). Family history of gastric cancer, TNM stage, tumor size, lymph node dissection, nerve invasion, nodes harboring metastases, range of lymph node dissection, digestive tract reconstruction procedure, implementation of laparoscopic surgery, combined resection, and preoperative treatment did not differ significantly between the two groups (all P>0.05). Molecular diagnosis showed there was a smaller percentage of mismatch repair deficiency in the early-onset gastric cancer than in the control group (1.0% [2/198] vs. 10.1% [40/396], χ 2=16.301, P<0.001), and a higher rate of positivity for Claudin 18.2 (77.8% [154/198] vs. 53.0% [210/396], χ 2=5.442, P<0.001). HER-2 and Epstein–Barr virus positivity rates did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion:Early-onset gastric cancer is a distinct type of gastric cancer with a high degree of malignancy, and treatment targeting Claudin 18.2 may be effective.

Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Autoantibodies ; China ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Scleroderma, Systemic

Objective:To obtain differential expression profiles of circRNAs and miRNAs in peripheral blood of female patients with major depressive disorder based on high-throughput sequencing technology, and then construct an interaction network.Based on the outcome, it made a further exploration of the possible occurrence and development mechanisms of female major depressive disorder through functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis.Methods:According to the ceRNA theory, circRNA-miRNA network was constructed by TargetScan software via predicting the binding sites.Subsequently, the GO functional enrichment analysis was performed, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were utlized to illustrate the target genes of co-expressed miRNAs.Thereby, the key genes related to major depressive disorder could be screened out.Results:A total of 724 differential circRNAs and 26 differential miRNAs were detected in female patients with major depressive disorder.And hsa_circ_0086092 and hsa-miR-146a-3p were the most co-expressed.Go functional annotations pointed out that it involved the regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process, regulation of RNA splicing, regulation of cell communication, amino acid transfer, regulation of RNA metabolic process, regulation of signaling and other biological processes.KEGG pathway analysis showed that target genes were mainly enriched in neurotrophin signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, cocaine addiction, mTOR signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, etcetera.Among the predicted target genes, BDNF, FGF2, MAPK14, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRM2 and PDE4 have the highest correlation with major depressive disorder.Conclusion:Hsa_circ_0086092 may be involved in the occurrence and development of female major depressive disorder through interaction with hsa-miR-146a-3p.

Objective: To investigate the long-term efficacy and prognostic factors of pediatric relapsed Wilms tumor (WT) after retreatment. Method: Sixteen children in Shanghai Children′s Medical Center with relapsed Wilms tumor were enrolled consecutively in this study between April 2006 and June 2016. All patients were diagnosed according to pathology, imaging and medical and surgical oncologist′s assistance. Relapse treatment included surgical excision, chemotherapy and selective radiation therapy. The clinical features, long-term outcomes and prognostic factors of patients were analyzed retrospectively.Survival data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier.Log-Rank analysis was used for univariate analysis. Result: One case was excluded because of giving up the therapy even though no disease progress was identified. A total of 15 cases (5 males and 10 females) were included in this study. The median age at diagnosis was 3.8 years (range 0.5-9.1 years). The tumor staging at diagnosis included one case of stageⅠ, 7 cases of stageⅡand 7 cases of stage Ⅲ. Among cases of stage Ⅲ, 6 cases had radiation therapy history. The pathology of all patients′ recurrent tumor was favorable histology (FH). The median follow-up time was 34.6 months (range 12.5-132.7 months) until March 21, 2017. The time from initial diagnosis to relapse was 7.9 months (range 3.1-17.9 months). Four cases experienced local recurrence, 9 cases relapsed with metastases (6 cases in lungs, 2 in livers, 1 in mediastinum) and 2 cases relapsed in both local site and with metastases. Except to 2 cases received irregular retreatment, 13 cases received regimen I (doxorubicin, vincristine, epoposide and cyclophosphamide for 25 weeks) as relapsed chemotherapy. Five cases received autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Until the last follow-up, 8 cases achieved continuous complete remission (range 6.7-104.3 months), 3 cases had relapse again or progressing and 4 cases died. The estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) rate and event free survival (EFS) rate were (70±15)% and (52±15)%. According to whether received ABMT or not, the 5-year EFS rate were 51% and 53%. According to whether relapsed within 6 months after diagnosis or not, the 5-year EFS rate were 38% and 56% respectively. Conclusion The 5-year EFS rate of pediatric relapsed FH WT have reached above 50% by multi-disciplinary treatment in our experience and we encourage patients and doctors to receive retreatment.