ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effects and mechanisms of Astragali Radix polysaccharide （APS） on inhibitor of differentiation1 （ID1） and protein kinase B （Akt） in gastric cancer. MethodsImmunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of ID1 and Akt in 61 gastric cancer tissue samples and 20 adjacent normal gastric tissue samples. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the localization of ID1 and Akt. The effects of APS at the concentrations of 0.625， 1.25， 2.5， 5， 10， 20 mg·L^-1 on the proliferation of gastric cancer MGC-803 cells were examined by the cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） method and the colony formation assay. The target information of APS was retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and Analysis Platform and Swiss Target Prediction. Keywords such as gastric cancer， gastric tumor， and stomach cancer were searched against GeneCards， UniProt， DisGeNET， and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM） for the screening of gastric cancer-related targets. The online tool jvenn was used to create the Venn diagram to identify the common targets， and STRING and Cytoscape were used to construct the protein-protein interaction network. Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analyses were conducted via R 4.2.2 to predict the potential roles of APS in the development of gastric cancer. The cell scratch assay was employed to assess the effect of APS on the migration of MGC-803 cells. The protein and mRNA levels of ID1 and Akt in the cells treated with APS were determined by Western blot and Real-time PCR， respectively. ResultsCompared with the adjacent normal gastric tissue， the gastric adenocarcinoma tissue showed increased positive expression of ID1 （χ² =81.00， P<0.01）. Immunofluorescence detection showed that ID1 and Akt were mainly located in the cytoplasm of gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Bioinformatics analysis identified 14 common genes shared between APS and gastric cancer. The average degree of protein-protein interaction network nodes was 14.29. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment results showed that ID1 and Akt were significantly enriched in the Rap1 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase （PI3K） /Akt signaling pathways. Cell experiments demonstrated that 5-fluorouracil （0.1 mg·L^-1） and APS （10， 20 mg·L^-1） groups showed decreased cell proliferation， migration， and colony formation. Compared with the control group， 10， 20 mg·L^-1 APS inhibited the proliferation of MGC-803 cells （P<0.01）， with 10 mg·L^-1 APS demonstrating stronger inhibitory effect. In addition， APS at 10， 20 mg·L^-1 inhibited the migration （P<0.01） and colony formation （P<0.05， P<0.01） of MGC-803 cells. Compared with the control group， APS at 10， 20 mg·L^-1 down-regulated the protein levels of ID1 （P<0.01） and Akt （P<0.05） and the mRNA levels of ID1 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and Akt （P<0.05， P<0.01） in MGC-803 cells. ConclusionID1 and Akt are highly expressed in the gastric adenocarcinoma tissue， which may be related to the development of gastric cancer. APS can down-regulate the protein and mRNA levels of ID1 and Akt to exert anti-tumor effects， which is expected to provide new therapeutic targets for gastric cancer treatment.

Objective:To test the reliability and validity of the general procrastination scale (GPS) in the application of middle school students.Methods:The Chinese version of GPS, the irrational procrastination scale(IPS), and the Maslach burnout inventory(MBI) were utilized to survey 10 825 middle school students in Harbin City through stratified random sampling, and 4 498 students were retested after 4 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 and Mplus 8.0.Results:The entries were well differentiated.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that GPS was composed of two factors, including active avoidance and lack of planning.The model fit was good (CFI=0.914, TLI=0.901, RMSEA=0.069, SRMR=0.072). GPS was positively correlated with the total scores of IPS and MBI ( r=0.753, 0.677, both P<0.001). The Cronbach's α coefficient of GPS was 0.864, the folded half reliability was 0.870, and the retest reliability after 4 weeks was 0.756. Conclusion:The GPS has good reliability and validity among middle school students, which provides a standard for measuring the procrastination level of middle school students and carrying out related research.

AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasonic cycloplasty(UCP)combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)+ panretinal photocoagulation(PRP)in the treatment of advanced neovascular glaucoma(NVG).METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 45 patients(45 eyes)with advanced NVG who received surgery in our hospital from August 2020 to September 2022 were collected and divided into UCP+ anti-VEGF +PRP group(16 patients, 16 eyes), transscleral cyclophotocoagulation(TCP)+anti-VEGF+PRP group(20 patients, 20 eyes), UCP alone group(9 patients, 9 eyes). The intraocular pressure, pain scores, postoperative medication, effective rate, total success rate and the incidence of complications of the patients in the three groups were compared before surgery and at 1 d, 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in preoperative intraocular pressure, pain scores and preoperative medication of patients in the three groups(all P>0.05). While there were statistical significance in the intraocular pressure and pain scores at 1 d, 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.01). The intraocular pressure of the UCP alone group(31.78±10.23 mmHg)was found to be higher than that of both the UCP+ anti-VEGF +PRP group(19.44±8.23 mmHg)and the TCP+ anti-VEGF +PRP group(20.80±10.27 mmHg)at 1 mo postoperatively(all P<0.017). The pain score of the TCP+ anti-VEGF +PRP group at 1 d and 1 wk postoperatively was higher than both the UCP+ anti-VEGF +PRP group and the UCP alone group(all P<0.017). The effective rates of UCP+ anti-VEGF +PRP group, TCP+ anti-VEGF +PRP group and UCP alone group were 81%(13/16), 75%(15/20)and 67%(6/9), respectively,(P=0.675), and the success rates were 69%(11/16), 50%(10/20), and 0(0/9), respectively(P=0.003). There was no significant difference in complications of patients in the three groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: UCP combined with anti-VEGF +PRP and TCP combined with anti-VEGF +PRP showed comparable efficacy in reducing intraocular pressure in advanced NVG. UCP combined with anti-VEGF+PRP was more effective in relieving pain and with no serious complications in advanced NVG. UCP alone can effectively control intraocular pressure and alleviate the pain of patients in the early postoperative period, but long-term control still requires anti-VEGF+PRP.

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetic changes in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of bronchial asthma model rats after the complication of Ephedra sinica and Prunus armeniaca. METHODS SD male rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， E. sinica group （12 g/kg， calculated by raw drug， similarly hereinafter）， P. armeniaca group （6 g/kg） and E. sinica-P. armeniaca drug-pair group （12 g/kg of E. sinica+6 g/kg of P. armeniaca）， with 6 rats in each group. Except for the blank group， the bronchial asthma model was induced by spraying rats in each group with an equal volume mixture of 2% acetylcholine chloride and 0.4% histamine phosphate， once a day， for 7 d. One hour before modeling every time， rats in each group were gavaged with the corresponding drug/normal saline， once a day， for 7 d. After the final administration and provocation of asthma， blood and cerebrospinal fluid collection were performed at different time points. The plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples were pre-treated （with geranylgeranyl as the internal standard）， and the mass concentrations of ephedrine/pseudoephedrine， methyl ephedrine and amygdalin in both samples were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. DAS 2.0 pharmacokinetic software was used to determine the main pharmacokinetic parameters through the non-atrial chamber model and to compare the changes of the pharmacokinetic parameters before and after the combination of the two drugs. RESULTS Compared with E. sinica group， cmax and AUC0-21.33 h （or AUC0-10.67 h） of ephedrine/pseudoephedrine and methyl ephedrine in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of rats were significantly reduced in E. sinica-P. armeniaca drug-pair group， while CLZ/F and VZ/F were significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； tmax of methyl ephedrine in the cerebrospinal fluid was significantly shortened （P＜ 0.05）.Compared with P. armeniaca group， the t1/2 of amygdalin in the plasma of rats in E. sinica-P. armeniaca drug-pair group was significantly shortened， and CLZ/F was significantly increased （P＜0.01）； the tmax of bitter amygdalin in the cerebrospinal fluid was significantly shortened， and the AUC0-10.67 h， CLZ/F， and VZ/F were significantly increased （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The combination of E. sinica and P. armeniaca accelerates the absorption and elimination of ephedra alkaloids， thus reducing the accumulation of ephedra alkaloids in the bronchial asthma model rats.

BACKGROUND:It is known that N6-methyladenosine(m6A)plays a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases and studies have suggested its involvement in the pathologic changes of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis(SNFH).However,research on m6A methylation modifications in steroid-induced femoral head necrosis is limited. OBJECTIVE:Using bioinformatics methods to identify the differential expression of m6A-related genes in steroid-induced femoral head necrosis and to predict miRNAs associated with these genes to further elucidate the role and mechanism of m6A methylation in steroid-induced femoral head necrosis. METHODS:Differential gene expression between steroid-induced femoral head necrosis and control groups was analyzed using GSE123568 gene expression data and identified using the"limma"package in R.Functional enrichment analysis was performed on the differentially expressed genes.Differential analysis of the related genes was carried out using the"ggstatsplot"package in R.The differential genes were cross-validated using the GSE74089 dataset.An mRNA-miRNA regulatory network was constructed,and co-expression analysis was performed on the module genes followed by enrichment analysis.Differences in immune cell infiltration between steroid-induced femoral head necrosis and control groups were quantified using the ssGSEA method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Correlation analysis revealed 13 m6A-related genes,and further analysis through the protein-protein interaction network identification and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that YTHDF2 was expected to be a core differential gene as a potential early biomarker.Enrichment analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in inflammation and immune response and were closely related to osteoclasts.Cross-validation analysis showed that differential gene expression results between the two datasets were consistent.mRNA-miRNA regulatory network analysis revealed that YTHDF2 was negatively correlated with miRNA-27a.Immune infiltration analysis revealed an increase in immune cell infiltration in steroid-induced femoral head necrosis,and YTHDF2 was positively correlated with the infiltration of CD4+T cells.To conclude,m6A-related gene YTHDF2 can serve as a potential biomarker of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis and is valuable for the early clinical diagnosis and treatment of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis.The negative correlation between YTHDF2 and mir-27a and the positive correlation between YTHDF2 and CD4+T cell infiltration provide new insights into the early diagnosis and treatment of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis and shed light on the mechanism of m6A in steroid-induced femoral head necrosis.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has become an increasingly serious public health issue, characterized by high incidence and high disability rates. It often coexists with other mental health problems and physical diseases, with a significant negative impact on patients' quality of life. In clinical practice, MDD is considered a heterogeneous disease. The complexity of the pathological mechanisms and the variability in treatment responses lead to a lack of clear therapeutic targets, which complicates the treatment process. In recent years, with advancements in neuroscience, the crucial role of microglia in the pathogenesis of MDD has been revealed. As the main immune cells in the brain, microglia are not only involved in the regulation of neuroinflammation but also play important roles in neurogenesis and neuronal regulation in MDD. This article mainly discusses the role of microglia in the pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for microglia as a potential target for the treatment of MDD.

Objective To rapidly visualize and detect the extracellular vesicles of glial cells in a simulated space environment.Methods By using 2,5 Gy irradiation and 12,24 h microgravity treatment,a damage model of glial cells was established in a simulated space environment.Exosomes extracted from conditioned media with reagent kits were transferred to neurons to elucidate the impact of glial cells on neurons.By performing live-cell fluorescence labeling of exosomes,a visualization monitoring scheme based on fluorescence intensity analysis was developed to characterize the release patterns of extracellular vesicles.The release patterns of exosomes were represented by the fluorescence intensity of the conditioned media.The effects of different storage conditions and duration on the quantity and size of exosomes were investigated.Results The exosomes released from damaged glial cells in the simulated space environment could to some extent protect neurons,with exosomes playing a decisive role in this process,and the neurosystem exosome visualization detection scheme was consistent with the traditional exosome validation scheme.An empirical curve for exosome quantity and size was established for semi-quantitative analysis,providing a new approach for rapid detection of exosomes in cell culture media.Furthermore,the optimal storage conditions for culture medium samples were clarified,laying the foundation for ground/space-based online analysis of culture medium samples after spaceflight.Conclusion Exosome rapid detection and analysis can be achieved through fluorescence labeling and utilized to investigate glial cell injury in a simulated space environment.

Objective:The pregnancy outcome,related influencing factors and genetic results of pregnant women with intracranial cysts were comparatively analyzed to provide evidence for prenatal consultation and clini-cal treatment of the fetus with intracranial cyst.Methods:A total of 92 pregnant women with fetal intracranial cysts were selected.The data of pregnancy and delivery were collected by electronic medical record system.The prog-nosis of newborn was recorded by telephone follow-up.According to the pregnancy outcome,they were divided into continued pregnancy group(80/92,87%)and induced labor group(12/92,13%).Analyze the factors that might influence the pregnancy outcome of intracranial cysts,as well as genetic outcomes.Results:Compared with the continued pregnancy group and the induced labor group,there were statistical differences between the gesta-tion age at diagnosis≤28 weeks and the presence of other abnormalities(P＜0.05),but there were no statistical differences in the age of pregnant women and the number of intracranial cysts(P＞0.05).The results of genetic examination were compared between normal and abnormal groups of 25 cases,and there were no statistical differences in the age of pregnant women,the gestation age at diagnosis,whether there was adverse pregnancy history,whether there was single cyst,and the presence of other abnormalities(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Diagno-sis of fetal intracranial cyst at≤28 weeks gestation and other systemic abnormalities are risk factors affecting pregnancy outcome.

Objective:The pregnancy outcome,related influencing factors and genetic results of pregnant women with intracranial cysts were comparatively analyzed to provide evidence for prenatal consultation and clini-cal treatment of the fetus with intracranial cyst.Methods:A total of 92 pregnant women with fetal intracranial cysts were selected.The data of pregnancy and delivery were collected by electronic medical record system.The prog-nosis of newborn was recorded by telephone follow-up.According to the pregnancy outcome,they were divided into continued pregnancy group(80/92,87%)and induced labor group(12/92,13%).Analyze the factors that might influence the pregnancy outcome of intracranial cysts,as well as genetic outcomes.Results:Compared with the continued pregnancy group and the induced labor group,there were statistical differences between the gesta-tion age at diagnosis≤28 weeks and the presence of other abnormalities(P＜0.05),but there were no statistical differences in the age of pregnant women and the number of intracranial cysts(P＞0.05).The results of genetic examination were compared between normal and abnormal groups of 25 cases,and there were no statistical differences in the age of pregnant women,the gestation age at diagnosis,whether there was adverse pregnancy history,whether there was single cyst,and the presence of other abnormalities(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Diagno-sis of fetal intracranial cyst at≤28 weeks gestation and other systemic abnormalities are risk factors affecting pregnancy outcome.

Objective:The pregnancy outcome,related influencing factors and genetic results of pregnant women with intracranial cysts were comparatively analyzed to provide evidence for prenatal consultation and clini-cal treatment of the fetus with intracranial cyst.Methods:A total of 92 pregnant women with fetal intracranial cysts were selected.The data of pregnancy and delivery were collected by electronic medical record system.The prog-nosis of newborn was recorded by telephone follow-up.According to the pregnancy outcome,they were divided into continued pregnancy group(80/92,87%)and induced labor group(12/92,13%).Analyze the factors that might influence the pregnancy outcome of intracranial cysts,as well as genetic outcomes.Results:Compared with the continued pregnancy group and the induced labor group,there were statistical differences between the gesta-tion age at diagnosis≤28 weeks and the presence of other abnormalities(P＜0.05),but there were no statistical differences in the age of pregnant women and the number of intracranial cysts(P＞0.05).The results of genetic examination were compared between normal and abnormal groups of 25 cases,and there were no statistical differences in the age of pregnant women,the gestation age at diagnosis,whether there was adverse pregnancy history,whether there was single cyst,and the presence of other abnormalities(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Diagno-sis of fetal intracranial cyst at≤28 weeks gestation and other systemic abnormalities are risk factors affecting pregnancy outcome.