The bidirectional closed-loop motor imagery brain-computer interface (MI-BCI) is an emerging method for active rehabilitation training of motor dysfunction, extensively tested in both laboratory and clinical settings. However, no standardized method for evaluating its rehabilitation efficacy has been established, and relevant literature remains limited. To facilitate the clinical translation of bidirectional closed-loop MI-BCI, this article first introduced its fundamental principles, reviewed the rehabilitation training cycle and methods for evaluating rehabilitation efficacy, and summarized approaches for evaluating system usability, user satisfaction and usage. Finally, the challenges associated with evaluating the rehabilitation efficacy of bidirectional closed-loop MI-BCI were discussed, aiming to promote its broader adoption and standardization in clinical practice.
Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Humans ; Imagination/physiology* ; Imagery, Psychotherapy/methods*

Hip fracture in the elderly is characterized by high incidence, high disability rate, and high mortality and has been recognized as a public health issue threatening their health. Surgery is the preferred choice for the treatment of elderly patients with hip fracture. However, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has an extremely high incidence rate during the perioperative period, and may significantly increase the risk of patients′ death once it progresses to pulmonary embolism. In response to this issue, the clinical guidelines and expert consensuses all emphasize active application of comprehensive preventive measures, including basic prevention, physical prevention, and pharmacological prevention. In this prevention system, basic prevention is the basis of physical and pharmacological prevention. However,there is a lack of unified and definite recommendations for basic preventive measures in clinical practice. To this end, the Orthopedic Nursing Professional Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association and Nursing Department of the Orthopedic Branch of the China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care organized relevant nursing experts to formulate Expert consensus on perioperative basic prevention for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fracture ( version 2024) . A total of 10 recommendations were proposed, aiming to standardize the basic preventive measures for lower extremity DVT in elderly patients with hip fractures during the perioperative period and promote their subsequent rehabilitation.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a revolutionizing technology that disrupts traditional human-computer interaction by establishing direct communication and control between the brain and computer, bypassing the peripheral nervous and muscular systems. With the rapid advancement of BCI technology, growing application demands, and an increasing need for specialized BCI professionals, a new academic major-BCI major-has gradually emerged. However, few studies to date have discussed the interdisciplinary nature and training framework of this emerging major. To address this gap, this paper first introduced the application demands of BCI, including the demand for BCI technology in both medical and non-medical fields. The paper also described the interdisciplinary nature of the BCI major and the urgent need for specialized professionals in this field. Subsequently, a training program of the BCI major was presented, with careful consideration of the multidisciplinary nature of BCI research and development, along with recommendations for curriculum structure and credit distribution. Additionally, the facing challenges of the construction of the BCI major were analyzed, and suggested strategies for addressing these challenges were offered. Finally, the future of the BCI major was envisioned. It is hoped that this paper will provide valuable reference for the development and construction of the BCI major.
Brain-Computer Interfaces/trends* ; Humans ; Electroencephalography ; User-Computer Interface

OBJECTIVEA remote wireless electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system is designed by using the CC2530 micro-controller as the device core.

METHODSAcquisition, conversion and data processing for ECG signals are realized on CC2530 micro-controllers. And the ECG data is transmitted to the coordinator by using ZigBee. It realizes the real-time monitoring of ECG signals and heart rate variability (HRV) data.

RESULTSThe test results show that the maximum error of the designed ECG monitoring analyzer is 3 beats per minute and the average error is 1.6 beats per minute, which can meet the requirement of pharmaceutical industry standards of the People's Republic of China.

CONCLUSIONSThe ECG monitoring analyzer has good portability, high measurement precision and good practical application values.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristic and regularity of antineoplastics-induced ADR,and to provide refer-ence for safety use of antineoplastics in clinic. METHODS:In retrospective study,309 cases of antineoplastics-induced ADR col-lected from a special hospital during Jan.-Dec. 2015 were summarized and analyzed statistically. RESULTS:Among 309 ADR cas-es,female (58.25％) was more than male (41.75％). The patients aged more than 40 years old occupied the highest proportion (78.64％). Main route of administration was intravenous dripping(94.82％). There were 225 cases of severe ADR(72.82％). To-tal 268 cases were improved after drug withdrawal or treatment(86.73％). A total of 24 kinds of antineoplastics were involved in 309 ADR cases;most of ADR were induced by docetaxel,followed by cisplatin,cyclophosphamide. Most common organs/system involved in ADR was hemopoietic system (64.24％),main clinical manifestation was myelosuppression. CONCLUSIONS:It is necessary to strengthen ADR monitoring,prevent,discover and treat antineoplastics-induced ADR timely,in order to reduce the harm to the patients and ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug treatment.

Objective To systematically assess the efficacy of memantine on moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods With the evaluation method of the Cochrane system,searches were made in the Cochrane Library,MEDLINE,Embase,Forest Laboratories,CNKI,Wanfang Data,and VIP Data up to February 2013 for double blind,randomized,and placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of memantine for moderate to severe AD.A meta-analysis of included clinical trials was conducted using the Revman 5.2 software to evaluate the efficacy of memantine on overall clinical status,cognitive function activities of daily living,and behavioral and psychological disturbances.Results A total of 8 RCTs were included (2 527 patients with moderate to severe AD).Results of the meta-analysis showed that,for patients with moderate to severe AD,memantine had better efficacy than placebo on overall clinical status,cognitive function,and activities of daily living (MD=-0.24,95％CI:0.340.15;SMD=-0.26,95％CI:-0.340.18;SMD=-0.13,95％CI:-0.21-0.05),but there was no significant difference in efficacy on behavioral and psychological function between memantine and placebo (P =0.08).Analysis of subgroups showed that memantine had better efficacy than placebo on cognitive function in moderate AD patients (SMD =-0.22,95％CI:-0.37 0.06) and on overall clinical status,cognitive function,and activities of daily living in severe AD patients (MD-0.29,95％CI:-0.40 0.18;SMD=-0.31,95％CI:0.46-0.15;SMD=-0.16,95％ CI:-0.25 0.06;MD=-3.13,95％ CI:-4.88-1.39;respectively).Conclusions Memantine has efficacy on overall clinical status,cognitive function and activities of daily living in patients with moderate to severe AD,especially in patients with severe AD.

Objective To understand the prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents in the patients undergoing I incision surgery from 2011 to 2013 in a tumor hospital,to explore the the effects of intervention management measure for antibacterial agents using in the perioperative period.Methods The cases of tumor surgical patients of 2011-2013 were selected and divided into the three intervention groups and non-intervention group.The data of medication after three-stage continuous integrated intervention were collected and compared.Results The percentage of antibiotics use was much lower,from 61.73%pre-intervention to 47.03%,26.78%and 24.85%after three stage intervention. The course of preventive medication treatment was significantly decreased from 81h to 53h,33h,21h,respeetively.The reasons of their rationally utilizing antibiotics were significantly improved after intervention management.Conclusion Rational antibiotics utilization can be improved by intervention management during perioperative period of typeⅠinci-sion operations,which can achieve the goal of health department.

Objective To investigate the relationship between activation of gliacytes , mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and neuronal apoptosis after microinjecting aggregated Aβ25-35 into hippocampus.Methods The model was established by using stereotaxic technique to inject 10μg aggregated Aβ25-35 into dorsal hippocampus in rats .The rats were grouped as the control , vehicle and model groups .Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used for detection of activation of microglia(MG), atrocytes (AS) and expression of p-p38MAPK in the hippocampus.ELISA was used to evaluate the level of TNF-αand IL-1β.The survival neurons were observed by Nissl staining and the apoptotic neurons were identified by tunnel staining .Results Expression of ox-42, GFAP, p-p38MAPK were up-regulated in hippocampus, as well as TNF-α、IL-1β, which reached a highest value on the 7th day after injection of Aβ25-35.However, the number of neuron with Nissl positive decreased gradually , and the tunnel positive neurons increased highly and reached a peak value on the 7th day.There were significant differences between the control and vehicle group ( P <0.01). Conclusion Apoptosis of the neuron caused by Aβ25-35 injection may result from activation of gliacytes , p38 MAPK and increase of TNF-αand IL-1βlevel.

Objective: To study the influences of electrolytic voltages on chromatics of anodized titanium. Methods:Titanium specimens were anodized in 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid and 0.2 mol/L phosphate acid electrolyte using different voltages. The colors of anodized titanium were measured with a computer controlled spectrophotometer, and then evaluated in the CIE1976L*a*b* uniform color scale and Mussell notation. Result: One given volt created one distinguished color. The chromatic values expressed in L*a*b* were fluctuated in different voltage conditions. The hues in Mussell notation were distributed widely within R,Y,G,P of 5 basic colors and YR,GY,BG,PB of 5 interspace colors in the range of 5 to 80 volts. Anodizing with 10 or 45 volts, the specimen's colors appeared two kinds of brilliant goldish yellow, the former reddish slightly and latter greenish a little. The spectrums of the two colors were in the range of wavelengths of yellow to red. Conclusion: The color of the anodized titanium is dependent upon the volts applied. The goldish yellow may be used to improve the esthetics of titanium dentures.

Objective To investigate UV- or heat-inactivated Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)stimulating the production of anti-keratin autoantibody(AK auto Ab)in cultured human umbilical cord blood B cells. Methods Mononuclear cells were isolated routinely from umbilical cord blood, in which monocytes, NK cells and cytotoxicity T cells were eliminated by L-leucine methyl ester method, and T cells were removed by sheep red blood cells(SRBCs)treated with 2-amino ethyl-isothiouronium bromide (AET). The purified B cells were treated with UV- or heat-inactivated EBV respectively and then cultured in complete IMDM. CD5, CD3, CD4 and CD8 cells were detected by flow cytometry. IgG and IgM of AK auto Ab were measured by ELISA in the supernatant which came from the B cells treated by UV-inactivated EBV or EBV-transformed B cells respectively. Results In UV-inactivated EBV group CD5+B cells accounted for 43% and 47% of all cells detected on the 14th and 28th day, respectively. No CD3, CD4 and CD8 cells were detected during this period. In UV-inactivated EBV group the AK auto Ab of IgG and IgM increased significantly on the 18th and 26th day, respectively (P 0.05). On the 40th day the AK auto Ab of IgG and IgM were significantly higher in EBV-transformed B cell group than those in UV-inactivated EBV group. Conclusions UV-inactivated EBV is able to induce AK auto Ab production but heat-inactivated EBV does not, which suggests that EBV protein might be the effective agent in inducing the production of AK auto Ab.