Objective To develop a rehabilitation exercise program for the patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Methods An online search was performed across both Chinese and English databases and websites to retrieve literature on rehabilitation exercises and related therapeutic measures for patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Two researchers independently screened the retrieved literature,evaluated the quality,and extracted relevant evidence.Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 15 patients at various rehabilitation phases about the requirements of rehabilitation.A preliminary exercise program was developed and verified for the validity and feasibility using Delphi method.Results A rehabilitation exercise program was formulated.The program included five periods of preoperative period,bedridden period after surgery,ambulation period(1 week after surgery),weeks 2-8 after surgery and weeks 9-12 after surgery covering six domains of exercise type,exercise items,exercise duration,exercise frequency,exercise intensity and exercise safety.The response rate and effective rate over the two rounds of expert consultation were both 100.00%,with an authority coefficient of 0.94.The Kendall's W coefficients for secondary indicators in the two rounds of expert consultation were 0.184 and 0.334,respectively(both P<0.001).Conclusion The exercise program developed in this study for the patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures is scientifically reliable and reasonable.The two features of continuity and staged characteristics in rehabilitation process are fully considered,thereby it offers a guidance for clinical healthcare professionals as well as the patients in development of practical and effective rehabilitation exercise plans.

The bidirectional closed-loop motor imagery brain-computer interface (MI-BCI) is an emerging method for active rehabilitation training of motor dysfunction, extensively tested in both laboratory and clinical settings. However, no standardized method for evaluating its rehabilitation efficacy has been established, and relevant literature remains limited. To facilitate the clinical translation of bidirectional closed-loop MI-BCI, this article first introduced its fundamental principles, reviewed the rehabilitation training cycle and methods for evaluating rehabilitation efficacy, and summarized approaches for evaluating system usability, user satisfaction and usage. Finally, the challenges associated with evaluating the rehabilitation efficacy of bidirectional closed-loop MI-BCI were discussed, aiming to promote its broader adoption and standardization in clinical practice.
Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Humans ; Imagination/physiology* ; Imagery, Psychotherapy/methods*

Artificial intelligence-enhanced brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are expected to significantly improve the performance of traditional BCIs in multiple aspects, including usability, user experience, and user satisfaction, particularly in terms of intelligence. However, such AI-integrated or AI-based BCI systems may introduce new ethical issues. This paper first evaluated the potential of AI technology, especially deep learning, in enhancing the performance of BCI systems, including improving decoding accuracy, information transfer rate, real-time performance, and adaptability. Building on this, it was considered that AI-enhanced BCI systems might introduce new or more severe ethical issues compared to traditional BCI systems. These include the possibility of making users' intentions and behaviors more predictable and manipulable, as well as the increased likelihood of technological abuse. The discussion also addressed measures to mitigate the ethical risks associated with these issues. It is hoped that this paper will promote a deeper understanding and reflection on the ethical risks and corresponding regulations of AI-enhanced BCIs.
Brain-Computer Interfaces/ethics* ; Artificial Intelligence/ethics* ; Humans ; Deep Learning ; User-Computer Interface ; Electroencephalography

Objective To develop a rehabilitation exercise program for the patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Methods An online search was performed across both Chinese and English databases and websites to retrieve literature on rehabilitation exercises and related therapeutic measures for patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Two researchers independently screened the retrieved literature,evaluated the quality,and extracted relevant evidence.Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 15 patients at various rehabilitation phases about the requirements of rehabilitation.A preliminary exercise program was developed and verified for the validity and feasibility using Delphi method.Results A rehabilitation exercise program was formulated.The program included five periods of preoperative period,bedridden period after surgery,ambulation period(1 week after surgery),weeks 2-8 after surgery and weeks 9-12 after surgery covering six domains of exercise type,exercise items,exercise duration,exercise frequency,exercise intensity and exercise safety.The response rate and effective rate over the two rounds of expert consultation were both 100.00%,with an authority coefficient of 0.94.The Kendall's W coefficients for secondary indicators in the two rounds of expert consultation were 0.184 and 0.334,respectively(both P<0.001).Conclusion The exercise program developed in this study for the patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures is scientifically reliable and reasonable.The two features of continuity and staged characteristics in rehabilitation process are fully considered,thereby it offers a guidance for clinical healthcare professionals as well as the patients in development of practical and effective rehabilitation exercise plans.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a revolutionizing technology that disrupts traditional human-computer interaction by establishing direct communication and control between the brain and computer, bypassing the peripheral nervous and muscular systems. With the rapid advancement of BCI technology, growing application demands, and an increasing need for specialized BCI professionals, a new academic major-BCI major-has gradually emerged. However, few studies to date have discussed the interdisciplinary nature and training framework of this emerging major. To address this gap, this paper first introduced the application demands of BCI, including the demand for BCI technology in both medical and non-medical fields. The paper also described the interdisciplinary nature of the BCI major and the urgent need for specialized professionals in this field. Subsequently, a training program of the BCI major was presented, with careful consideration of the multidisciplinary nature of BCI research and development, along with recommendations for curriculum structure and credit distribution. Additionally, the facing challenges of the construction of the BCI major were analyzed, and suggested strategies for addressing these challenges were offered. Finally, the future of the BCI major was envisioned. It is hoped that this paper will provide valuable reference for the development and construction of the BCI major.
Brain-Computer Interfaces/trends* ; Humans ; Electroencephalography ; User-Computer Interface

Objective:To investigate clinical and histopathological features of Meyerson nevus.Methods:Clinical and histopathological data were collected from 6 patients with confirmed Meyerson nevi in Department of Dermatology, the Fourth Military Medical University from January 2015 to January 2019, and retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 6 patients, 3 were males and 3 were females, with a median age of 10.5 years (range, 7 months to 28 years). Skin lesions were located on the extremities of 3 cases, as well as on the trunk of 3 cases. Meyerson nevi arose from congenital pigmented nevi in 4 cases, as well as from acquired pigmented nevi in 2 cases. The duration of pigmented nevi varied from 7 months to 18 years. Four patients felt itching in the past 2 months, and 2 had no concomitant symptoms such as itching. Central pigmented nevi manifested as papules in 5 cases and a plaque in 1 case, which were brown or black in color, with regular shapes, uniform pigmentation and clear borders. Pigmented nevi were surrounded by a halo of erythema in 6 cases, and skin lesions were covered with scales or crusts in 4 cases. Histopathological examination of Meyerson nevi revealed characteristics of both pigmented nevus and eczema. Histopathologically, pigmented nevi manifested as junctional nevi or compound nevi, and eczema manifested as serous exudation, irregular epidermal hyperplasia, spongiosis and perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes in the superficial dermis.Conclusions:Meyerson nevus is rare, and mostly occurs on the trunk and extremities. When itching occurs or erythema appears around the pigmented nevus, the diagnosis of Meyerson nevus should be considered.

Objective:To investigate clinical features and preventive measures of misdiagnosed cutaneous melanoma, as well as causes of its misdiagnosis.Methods:Clinical data were collected from patients with pathologically confirmed cutaneous melanoma which was initially clinically misdiagnosed as other diseases in Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University from January 2005 to December 2019, and clinical manifestations and causes of its misdiagnosis were analyzed.Results:A total of 118 patients with clinically misdiagnosed cutaneous melanoma were collected, including 38 males and 80 females. The median age at misdiagnosis was 48 years, the median age at onset was 40.5 years, and the median disease duration was 54 months. The main skin lesions were black maculae and papules. The initial clinical diagnoses were pigmented nevi (53 cases, 44.92%) , nail matrix nevi (12 cases, 10.17%) , seborrheic keratosis (14 cases, 11.86%) , vascular tumors (10 cases, 8.47%) , squamous cell carcinoma (5 cases, 4.24%) , basal cell carcinoma (4 cases, 3.39%) and other diseases (20 cases, 16.95%) . As far as the ABCDE (asymmetry, border irregularity, color variegation, diameter > 6 mm, evolving) rule for melanoma was concerned, 78 (66.10%) , 64 (54.24%) , 57 (48.31%) , 66 (55.93%) and 39 (33.05%) cases conformed to hte A, B, C, D and E rules respectively, 14 conformed to the ABCDE rule, 13 conformed to the ABCD rule, and 13 did not conform to any of them. Among the 53 cases of melanoma in situ, 28 (52.83%) were misdiagnosed as pigmented nevi, 11 (20.75%) as nail matrix nevi; among the 66 cases of invasive melanoma, 25 (37.88%) were misdiagnosed as pigmented nevi, 9 (13.64%) as vascular tumors, and 5 (7.58%) as squamous cell carcinoma. The information of physicians of 67 misdiagnosed patients was available, and those of 42 out of the 67 patients had clincial experience of ≤ 5 years; among 27 misdiagnosed patients conforming to the ABCD or ABCDE rule, the information of physicians of 9 patients was available, and those of 7 out of the 9 patients had clinical experience of ≤ 5 years. Conclusion:Cutaneous melanoma has a variety of lesion patterns and is easily misdiagnosed, and physicians′ clinical experience and the ABCDE rule-based evaluation are important for diagnosis.

Objective:To investigate clinical and histopathological features of congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) complicated by proliferative nodules (PN) .Methods:Ten patients with clinically and pathologically confirmed CMN complicated by PN were collected from Department of Dermatology, the Fourth Military Medical University from 2015 to 2019, and their clinical and pathological data were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The 10 patients were aged from 2 to 45 years, with an average age of 15 years. Nine patients developed PN in infancy, and 1 in adulthood. The skin lesions were located on the extremities in 4 cases, on the head and face in 3 cases, and on the trunk in 2 cases, and the trunk and extremities were both involved in 1 case. Skin lesions clinically manifested as 1 or more nodules arising in black patches or plaques. Six patients presented with multiple PN, 4 with solitary PN, with the diameter of a single nodule being 0.2-1.5 cm, and only 1 case presented with ulcers. Histopathological examination showed mature melanocytes in the PN, with few mitotic figures, no obvious cytological atypia, and no necrosis. Immunohistochemical study showed that nevus cells diffusely expressed Melan-A, but did not express or partially expressed HMB45, and the Ki67 proliferation index was below 5%.Conclusion:CMN complicated by PN can occur on the extremities, head, face, and trunk, clinically manifesting as solitary or multiple nodules on pre-existing CMN; histopathologically, mature melanocytes can be observed in PN, immunohistochemical staining for HMB45 and Ki67 can facilitate the diagnosis, and its prognosis needs long-term follow-up.

Objective:To analyze clinical and pathological features of 320 cases of Spitzoid tumors.Methods:Clinical and pathological data were collected from 320 patients with Spitzoid tumors in Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital from January 2005 to January 2020, and retrospectively analyzed.Results:The 320 patients included 141 males and 179 females, aged 0 - 65 (12.5 ± 11.7) years, and their course of disease ranged from 1 month to 30 years. Among them, there were 307 patients with Spitz nevi, 8 with atypical Spitz tumors and 5 with Spitzoid melanoma. Most skin lesions were solitary, and occurred on the head, face, trunk and limbs, with clear boundaries. Among the 307 patients with Spitz nevi, the skin lesions were mainly black (132 cases, 43.0%) and red (108 cases, 35.1%) in color, most of which were uniformly pigmented (262 cases, 85.3%) with smooth surfaces (272 cases, 88.6%) . There were several special clinical subtypes of Spitz nevi, including Spitz nevus arising in a nevus spilus (11 cases, 3.6%) , agminated Spitz nevus (11 cases, 3.6%) , disseminated Spitz nevus (6 cases, 2.0%) , nodular Spitz nevus (7 cases, 2.3%) and keloid-like Spitz nevus (1 case, 0.3%) . Characteristic histopathological manifestations of Spitz nevi included pagetoid spread of epidermal nevus cells (123 cases, 40.1%) , Kamino bodies at the dermo-epidermal junction (74 cases, 24.1%) , horizontal band-like distribution of nevus cells (177 cases, 57.8) , wedge-shaped distribution of nevus cells (118 cases, 38.4%) , fissures around nevus cell nests (177 cases, 57.8%) , physiological mitotic figures (117 cases, 38.1%) , and fine nuclear chromatin (307 cases, 100%) . According to the special histopathological manifestations, Spitz nevi were divided into pigmented epithelioid Spitz nevus (9 cases, 2.9%) , desmoplastic Spitz nevus (13 cases, 4.2%) , hemangiomatous Spitz nevus (8 cases, 2.6%) , verrucous Spitz nevus (12 cases, 3.9%) , mucoid Spitz nevus (10 cases, 3.3%) , halo-like Spitz nevus (4 cases, 1.3%) , etc. Among the 8 cases of atypical Spitz tumors, 4 skin lesions were black, 7 were uniformly pigmented, and 3 had rough surfaces; the characteristic pathological manifestations included mild to moderate atypia of cells, mitotic figures (2 - 6 cells/mm 2 in 7 cases) , and coarse nuclear chromatin (5 cases) . Among the 5 cases of Spitzoid melanoma, 3 had red skin lesions, 4 were non-uniformly pigmented, and 3 had rough surfaces; the characteristic pathological manifestations included pagetoid spread of melanocytes (3 cases) , non-polar infiltrating growth of immature tumor cells, pathological mitotic figures (3 cases, > 6 cells/mm 2) , coarse nuclear chromatin and obviously stained nuclear membrane. Conclusions:Spitzoid tumors are characterized by unique clinical and histopathological features. There are various clinical and pathological subtypes of Spitz nevi, and atypical Spitz tumors have clinical and pathological characteristics of both Spitz nevi and melanoma.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy,toxicity,and prognostic factors of nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment for elderly patients with advanced lung squamous carcinoma.Methods:This was a prospective study.Forty patients enrolled in the Second Affili-ated Hospital of Fujian Medical University were treated with nab-paclitaxel(260 mg/m2,ivggt d1),and a period of three weeks was considered as one session.The effects were evaluated after two cycles.Results:All 40 patients were followed up and appraised.Two patients achieved complete remission,13 achieved partial remission,13 achieved stable disease,and 12 achieved progressive disease. The objective response rate was 37.5% and the disease control rate was 70.0%.The progression-free survival(PFS),median overall sur-vival,and 1-year survival rate was 6.3 months,12.6 months,and 62.5%,respectively.The main hematologic toxicities were neutrope-nia and anemia,and the main non-hematologic adverse events were fatigue,constipation,nausea,vomiting,muscle aches,and hear-ing loss.Most patients could tolerate these toxic reactions.Moreover,Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that the neoplasm stage,Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status,response rate,and PFS were independent factors for the survival rate (P<0.05),while age was not related to patient prognosis(P>0.05).Conclusions:Nab-paclitaxel as single drug and first-line therapy for elderly patients with advanced lung squamous carcinoma is effective and safe.