Objective To assess the risk of human Spirometra mansoni infections and investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards sparganosis mansoni among residents in Henan Province, so as to provide insights into formulation of the sparganosis mansoni control measures. Methods Qinling Village in Fugou County of Zhoukou City, Bali Village in Yancheng District of Luohe City, Duzhai Village in Puyang County of Puyang City and Doushan Village in Luoshan County of Xinyang City were sampled as survey sites in Henan Province from July to August 2023, and more than 40 frogs were sampled from ponds or streams in each survey site for detection of Sparganum mansoni infections. At least 150 residents were sampled using a cluster sampling method from each survey site, and the sero-prevalence of anti-S. mansoni IgG antibody was estimated. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the KAP towards sparganosis mansoni among participants, and the proportion of eligible KAP, rate of correct KAP and KAP scores were calculated. Results A total 229 frogs were collected from 4 survey sites in 2023, and the overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 4.37% (10/229) in frogs, with 7.75% (10/129) prevalence in wild frogs and 0 in farm-bred frogs. A questionnaire survey was performed among 649 residents sampled from 4 survey sites, and 649 serum samples were collected. The seroprevalence of anti-S.mansoni IgG antibody was 0.15% (1/649) and the overall proportion of eligible KAP was 23.73% (154/649) among participants. There were age- (χ² = 30.905, P = 0.000), educational level- (χ² = 41.011, P = 0.000), and occupation-specific proportions of eligible KAP among participants (χ² = 10.721, P = 0.005), and the proportion of eligible KAP decreased with age (χ² _trend = 22.717, P = 0.000) and increased with education levels (χ² _trend = 40.025, P = 0.000). The rates of correct KAP towards sparganosis mansoni were 40.81% (2 119/5 192), 96.66% (1 882/1 947) and 63.81% (3 727/5 841) (χ² = 1 913.731, P = 0.000) among residents, respectively. The rates of correct KAP towards sparganosis mansoni varied significantly among survey sites (χ² = 136.872, 42.347 and 255.157; all P values= 0.000, with the highest rate of correct knowledge (51.94%, 748/1 440) and practices (75.86%, 1 229/1 620) in Yancheng District of Luohe City and the highest rate of correct attitudes in Puyang County of Puyang City (99.11%, 446/450) (all P values< 0.05). Conclusions There is still a high transmission risk of sparganosis mansoni in Henan Province, and the KAP towards sparganosis mansoni is required to be improved among residents.

This case report describes a 68-year-old male patient diagnosed with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). After receiving Yttrium-90 microsphere selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT), the tumor significantly reduced in size, and tumor markers alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA-Ⅱ) decreased. Postoperative pathological results showed minimal residual tumor cells, indicating that ⁹⁰Y-SIRT has good efficacy and safety in downstaging and conversion of HCC, thereby facilitating subsequent surgical resection.

[Objective] To analyze the infection status of hepatitis E virus (HEV) among blood donors in Zhengzhou, so as to provide data support for formulating local blood screening strategies. [Methods] Random samples from blood donors from January to December 2022 were tested for HEV RNA using PCR technology. Reactive samples were sequenced for gene analysis, and the donors were followed up. [Results] Among 21 311 samples, 3(0.14‰) were reactive for HEV RNA, all of whom were male. Genetic sequencing results revealed that one strong positive sample was genotype 4, while sequencing failed for the other two due to low viral load. A follow-up of 25 strong positive donors showed that ALT significantly increased on day 7 after donation, anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG turned positive. On day 21, ALT returned to normal, and on day 35, HEV RNA turned negative. Notably, anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG persisted until day 482. [Conclusion] There is HEV infection among blood donors in Zhengzhou, and it is necessary to expand the screening scope to comprehensively explore the prevalence and genotype distribution of HEV among blood donors.

Objective: To investigate the effects of different storage temperatures and durations on the activities of coagulation factor Ⅷ (Factor Ⅷ, FⅧ) and coagulation factor Ⅸ (Factor Ⅸ, FⅨ) after whole blood collection, so as to provide data support for the optimal storage conditions. Methods: A total of 16 mL of whole blood was collected from each of the 20 healthy volunteers at our blood center and aliquoted into 8 sodium citrate anticoagulant tubes. Two tubes were immediately centrifuged for the measurement of FⅧ and FⅨ activity levels. The remaining 6 tubes of whole blood were respectively stored under room temperature and low-temperature conditions. At 2, 4, and 6 h, the whole blood samples were centrifuged and analyzed for FⅧ and FⅨ activity levels. The mean values of the two immediately tested tubes were used as the control group, while other tubes were designated as the experimental groups for comparison. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results: The activity of FⅧ in whole blood remained stable after 4 hours of storage at both room temperature and low temperature (116.53±25.95 vs 125.22±27.33, 109.77±23.23 vs 125.22±27.33) (P>0.05 for both). However, by 6 hours, FⅧ activity showed a statistically significant decline compared to the control group (108.65±22.92 vs 125.22±27.33, 100.46±20.19 vs 125.22±27.33) (P<0.05 for both), though the room temperature group results were closer to the control values. The activity of FⅨ in whole blood remained stable after 6 hours of storage under both conditions (97.14±19.48 vs 96.76±19.67, 97.10±17.45 vs 96.76±19.6) (P>0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusion: For whole blood samples after collection, storage at either room temperature or low temperature for up to 4 hours does not compromise the accuracy of test results. When stored for 6 hours, FⅨ activity remains stable, whereas FⅧ activity decreases significantly. Notably, FⅧ activity demonstrates better stability at room temperature than under low-temperature conditions within the 6-hour storage.

Objective: To study the correlation between activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) mixing test results and the inhibitor titers in hemophilia A inhibitor-positive patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 41 patients with severe hemophilia A and inhibitors (and negative for lupus anticoagulant) were included from the hemophilia clinic of Shandong Blood Center from February 2022 to February 2024. All patients underwent APTT mixing test. The Rosner's index (RI, including the immediate RI and the RI after 2-hour water bath incubation [water bath 2h RI]), the time-dependent difference (Δ value), and the corrected percentage were calculated based on results of APTT mixing test. The median (interquartile range) of the corresponding indexes were calculated, and the ROC curves for identification of high inhibitor titers using the four indexes (the immediate RI, the water bath 2h RI, the Δ value, and the corrected percentage) were plotted, The correlations between APTT mixing test and inhibitor titers for coagulation factor Ⅷ (Factor Ⅷ, FⅧ) were investigated. Results: The median (lower quartile, upper quartile) of immediate RI, water bath 2h RI, Δ-value and corrected percentage for FⅧ inhibitor positive patients were 11.0 (5.4, 29.3)%, 45.0 (25.7, 75.0)%, 26.2 (7.6, 41.8) s, and 82.2 (58.5, 91.6)%, respectively. The median (lower quartile, upper quartile) of the immediate RI, water bath 2h RI, Δ-value and corrected percentage were 25.2 (13.0, 37.5)%, 64.1 (44.6, 72.6)%, 38.0 (14.3, 38.3) s, and 66.5 (50.1, 82.1)% for the high-titer inhibitor group, and 5.2 (4.2, 9.4)%, 17.9 (8.8, 28.0)%, 13.0 (7.6, 25.4) s, and 92.3 (88.0, 94.3)% for the low-titer inhibitor group. The AUCs of the ROC curves for discrimination between high and low titer inhibitor were: 0.9105 for immediate RI, 0.9118 for water bath 2h RI, 0.8873 for correcter percentage, and 0.6532 for Δ-value. Conclusion: High-titer inhibitors can be highly suspected in hemophiliac patients with an immediate RI >10% and a water bath 2h RI >45%, and the presence of low-titer inhibitors is suspected in patients with a 4-second < immediate RI <10% and a 13% < water bath 2h RI <45%.

OBJECTIVE To establish and validate a rat liver micronucleus test(LMNT)method based on fixation of liver tissue with 4%neutral formaldehyde(HCHO fixation)for preparation of hepa-tocytes(HEPs).METHODS ①The LMNT based on neutral HCHO fixation(HCHO fixation-LMNT)was established using the liver micronucleus positive compound N-nitrosodiethylamine(DEN).SD rats were divided into female and male groups,and each group was randomly subdivided into the vehicle control group and DEN 12.5 mg·kg-1 group,with five rats in each.The rats were ig administered with normal saline and DEN once a day for 14 consecutive days,after which liver tissues were collected.Some of the tissue was digested with collagenase to prepare HEP suspension,and the remaining tissue was used to prepare HEP suspension with HCHO fixation.After staining with SYBR Gold,the number of micronucleated hepatocytes(MN-HEP)and the number of HEPs in the mitotic phase were counted under a microscope.The micronucleus rate of HEP(MN-HEP rate)and the mitotic index were calculated,and an MN-HEP rate>0.07%was considered positive.②Male SD rats were divided into the quinoline(30,60,120 mg·kg-1)group,N-nitrosoopyrrolidine(NPYR,25,50,100 mg·kg-1)group,vehicle control group(deionized water for NPYR,and corn oil for quinoline),and positive control DEN(12.5 mg·kg-1)group,with 5-6 rats per group,and were ig administrated for 15 consecutive days.Body mass was recorded daily,and at the end of the experiment,the liver was removed to record the total liver weight,and calculate the liver coefficient.Liver function-related serum biochemical indicators including glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT),glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT)activities,and levels of total bili-rubin(T-BIL)were measured and direct bilirubin(D-BIL)using an automatic biochemical analyzer.The MN-HEP rate was determined using the collagenase digestion and HCHO fixation methods,and the peripheral blood MN assay and hepatocellular carcinoma comet assay were conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity of quinoline and NPYR.RESULTS ① Compared with the corresponding vehicle control groups(0.069%and 0.030%),the MN-HEP rate of male rats treated with DEN by formalin-LMNT was 1.10%,and the MN-HEP rate of female ones was 0.82%,both significantly increased(P<0.05).Com-pared with corresponding vehicle control groups(0.060%and 0.030%),the MN-HEP rate of male rats treated with DEN by collagenase digestion-LMNT was 1.45%,and that of female rats was 0.46%,both significantly increased(P<0.05),which were considered positive.The MN-HEP rate of male rats was significantly higher than that of females with both methods(P<0.05).There was no significant differ-ence in mitotic indexes between the DEN groups by collagenase digestion-LMNT and HCHO fixation-LMNT in male and female rats compared to corresponding vehicle control groups.② Compared to the vehicle control group,the body mass of rats in the NPYR 50 and 100 mg·kg-1 groups was significantly reduced 7 to 14 days into the ig administration(P<0.01),and the DEN group showed a significant reduction at days 8 to 14(P<0.01).The body mass of rats in the quinoline 120 mg·kg-1 group was signifi-cantly reduced 4 to 14 days into the ig administration(P<0.01),and the DEN group showed a signifi-cant reduction at days 10 to 14(P<0.05).Compared to the vehicle control group,both the liver weight and liver coefficient were significantly reduced in the NPYR 100 mg·kg-1 group(P<0.01)and the DEN group(P<0.05).The liver weight(P<0.01)and liver coefficient(P<0.05)were significantly increased in the quinoline 60 and 120 mg·kg-1 groups.Compared to the vehicle control group,the serum T-BIL level was significantly increased in the DEN group(P<0.01),and the activities of GPT and GOT,as well as the levels of D-BIL and T-BIL,were significantly increased in the NPYR 100 mg·kg-1 group(P<0.01).There were no significant changes in the NPYR 25,50 mg·kg-1 groups or any of the dose groups of quinoline.The MN-HEP rate by HCHO fixation-LMNT for NPYR was slightly higher than that by collage-nase digestion-LMNT,both considered positive.Compared with corresponding control group,the MN-HEP rate by formalin-LMNT for NPYR and the MN-HEP rate by collagenase digestion for NPYR were both significantly increased(P<0.05).The MN-HEP rate by HCHO fixation-LMNT for quinoline was comparable to that by collagenase digestion-LMNT,both considered positive.Compared with corresponding vehicle control group,the MN-HEP rate by HCHO fixation-LMNT for quinoline and the MN-HEP rate by collagenase digestion-LMNT for quinoline were both significantly increased(P<0.05).The correlation between the MN-HEP rates based on HCHO fixation and collagenase digestion for NPYR and quinoline was good(R2=0.8614 and 0.9279,respectively).In the NPYR groups,the periph-eral blood micronucleus assay were negative,while the comet assay results were positive.In the quino-line group,both the peripheral blood micronucleus assay and the comet assay results were negative.CON-CLUSION The HCHO fixation-LMNT has been established and validated,and the sensitivity of the LMNT method based on HCHO fixation-LMNT for detection of hepatocarcinogens is higher than that of collagenase digestion-LMNT.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of the O-AMAS teaching model in clinical teaching for blood purification training nurses.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 187 training nurses from the Blood Purification Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to December 2022 as research subjects. Eighty training nurses enrolled from January to December 2021 were selected as the control group, and 107 training nurses enrolled from January to December 2022 were selected as the experimental group. After three months of intervention, the training nurses' theoretical scores, operational skills assessment scores, and satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The theoretical and operational skills assessment scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The satisfaction of the experimental group with the teaching model, teaching effectiveness, completion of theoretical training, guidance on operational skills, and overall teaching was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The O-AMAS teaching model for clinical teaching can help improve the training effectiveness and satisfaction of blood purification training nurses.

Objective:To observe the effect of pecking moxibustion on the pattern characteristics of redness,swelling,heat,and pain in the affected joints,also the synovial cell ultrastructure in rats with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)due to damp heat affecting bones/joints,and to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of pecking moxibustion in treating the early stage of RA. Methods:Eighteen rats were randomly selected from 78 female ones as the blank group,and all the other rats were subjected to preparing the"differentiation of disease and pattern"RA model due to damp heat affecting bones/joints by using the method of"collagen-induced arthritis plus windy,damp,and hot environment stimulation".Fifty-four rats with successful modeling were randomly divided into a model group,a drug group,and a pecking moxibustion group,with 18 rats in each group.Rats in the drug group were given methotrexate at a dose of 1 mg/(kg·bw)on the 1st,8th,and 15th days.Rats in the pecking moxibustion group were treated with pecking moxibustion at Quchi(LI11),Dazhui(GV14),and Ashi points,and each point was treated with moxibustion for 15 min every day and a total of 3 courses of treatment,with 6 d as a course of treatment.After treatment,the capillary permeability,joint swelling,joint surface temperature,and plantar thermal pain threshold of the diseased joints in rats were observed,and the ultrastructural changes of synovial cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results:The local swelling,surface temperature,and Evans blue(EB)leakage volume were significantly higher(P<0.05),the thermal pain threshold was significantly lower(P<0.05),and the synovial cell ultrastructure was obviously damaged in the affected joints in the model group compared with the blank group.The swelling degree,surface temperature,and EB leakage volume were significantly reduced(P<0.05),the thermal pain threshold was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the ultrastructural abnormalities of synovial cells were significantly improved in the diseased joints in the drug group and the pecking moxibustion group compared with the model group.The thermal pain threshold of rats in the pecking moxibustion group was significantly improved compared with the drug group(P<0.05). Conclusion:Pecking moxibustion obviously improves the pattern characteristics of local redness,swelling,heat,and pain in the diseased joints of rats with RA due to damp heat affecting bones/joints and effectively repairs the ultrastructure of the damaged synovium.It suggests that the pecking moxibustion intervention has a significant anti-inflammatory effect on early RA.

Objective:To study the distribution of drug resistance genes and virulence genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains.Methods:A total of 96 strains of Salmonella typhimurium were collected，and drug sensitivity tests were performed to evaluate the drug resistance and multidrug-resistance of Salmonella typhimurium.Multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains were selected to conducted whole genome sequencing，and the distribution of drug resistance genes and virulence genes in the strain were analyzed.Results:Salmonella typhimurium strains had the highest resistance rates to ampicillin and ampicillin/sulbactam，with 89.58% and 76.04%，respectively.Followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole，ceftriaxone，and aztreonam，with 47.92%，38.54% and 33.33%，respectively，and low resistance rates to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin，with 8.33% and 4.17%，respectively.Ninety-six strains were all sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics and piperacillin/tazobactam.Fifty-seven strains（59.38%）of Salmonella typhimurium showed multidrug-resistance.Resistance genes were detected in all 57 multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains,with higher carrier rates of 98.25%,77.19%,and 59.65% for aac(6')-Iaa,aadA22,and blaTEM-1B,respectively.The multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains had the highest carrier rates for invA，sipA，sseL，and sopB.Conclusion:Multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains have a high incidence and a high carrier rate for multiple drug resistance genes and virulence genes.The monitoring and prevention of Salmonella typhimurium should be strengthened in the clinic in order to reduce the spreading epidemic of multidrug-resistant strains.

AIM:To explore the possible mechanism of Yiqi-Huoxue formula(YQHXF)in treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.METHODS:Male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups,namely,the sham,mod-el,nimodipine,and low-,middle-and high-dose YQHXF groups.The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)model was established in all groups except the sham group.After successful modeling,the YQHXF low-,me-dium-,and high-dose groups were given 3.8,7.5,and 15 g?kg-1?d-1 of YQHXF,respectively,by gavage,while the ni-modipine group was given 12 mg?kg-1?d-1 of nimodipine tablets by gavage.The sham and model groups were given 10 mL?kg-1?d-1 of distilled water by gavage.After 14 days of drug intervention,the rats were euthanized and the neurological func-tion was evaluated.The infarct volume was assessed using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining and brain histopathological changes were determined by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate changes in autophagosomes,with immunofluorescence used to assess expression of microtubule-associ-ated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)protein in the cerebral cortex,Western blot was used to measure protein levels of p-PI3K,PI3K,p-Akt,Akt,p-mTOR,mTOR,LC3B,p62,beclin-1,and Atg5,and RT-qPCR was used to determined LC3 and P62 mRNA expression.RESULTS:Compared with the sham group,the neural function scores of rats in the model group rats were significantly increased,and TTC staining revealed large areas of white cerebral infarction.There was severe pathological damage to the cerebral tissue in the ischemic cortical area,and large numbers of autophagosomes were seen inside the cells.Immunofluorescence staining showed significant numbers of LC3B-positive cells(P<0.01).Protein expression of beclin-1,Atg5,and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ was significantly upregulated(P<0.01),while that of p62 was markedly downregulated(P<0.01).The expression of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,and p-mTOR/mTOR proteins was also significantly reduced(P<0.01).In addition,the mRNA expression of LC3 was significantly upregulated(P<0.01),with downregulation of P62 mRNA levels(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,both the YQHXF medium-and high-dose groups showed upregulated LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ values after 12 h of reperfusion(P<0.01),followed by downregulation of the ratios(P<0.05)after 3,7,and 14 days of reperfusion.Furthermore,after 14 days of reperfusion,compared with the model group,the middle-and high-dose YQHXF groups and the nimodipine group showed reduced neurological function scores(P<0.01),reduced cerebral infarction volumes(P<0.01),improvements in the pathological damage to cortical tis-sue,and reduced autophagosome formation to varying degrees.At the same time,the number of LC3B-positive cells was reduced(P<0.01).Protein expression of beclin-1,Atg5,and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ was significantly downregulated,while that of p62 was upregulated(P<0.01).The mRNA expression of LC3 and p62 was consistent with the protein levels(P<0.01).In addition,the expression of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,and p-mTOR/mTOR proteins was upregulated(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:YQHXF can dynamically regulate autophagy in ischemic brain tissue,with inhibition of excess autophagy by activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,thus reducing the infarct volume,alleviating brain dam-age,and promoting the recovery of neurological function.