The incidence of chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS)has gradually increased in recent years.Although CFS can severely affect patient quality of life,its clinical diagnosis is easily overlooked.Elucidating the pathogenesis of CFS and treating it from both etiological and symptomatological perspectives are crucial for patient recovery;however,its unclear pathogenesis means that etiological treatment options are limited,and current treatments mainly focus on improving clinical symptoms.In this context,there is a need to establish and evaluate a suitable animal model.This article comprehensively integrates the diagnostic criteria of CFS and progress in related basic research.We also summarize the behavioral experimental method used to evaluate CFS models in basic research in the past 5 years and discuss these evaluations from the perspectives of general condition,fatigue state,cognitive function,emotional state,and pain degree.This review aims to present the current situation,expose problems,trigger reflection,and promote improvements in the behavioral evaluation of animal models of CFS.

TCM functional exercises are the important means of TCM to prevent and cure diseases. By adjusting the bones and muscles externally, adjusting the heart and organs internally, promoting blood circulation, improving sleep disorders, enhancing metabolism and immune capacity, the aim of preventing and treating diseases, prolonging life span, and strengthening the body is achieved. TCM exercises have a significant effect on the treatment of various types of fatigue such as chronic fatigue syndrome, Exercise-induced fatigue, post-stroke fatigue, and cancer-related fatigue.

TCM believes that spleen deficiency is the root cause of emotional abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and clinical treatment often involves the heart, liver and kidney. TCM therapy has a significant efficacy in CFS emotional abnormalities. It is mostly treated with oral administration of TCM, acupuncture, moxibustion and massage therapy. It may play a therapeutic role by improving oxidative stress and immune inflammation, regulating nerve-endocrine, controlling energy metabolism and other ways. It is suggested to establish the syndrome differentiation standard of CFS emotional abnormality in the future, so as to improve the accuracy of syndrome differentiation and treatment; form a perfect treatment guide or expert consensus to guide the standardized application of various internal and external treatment methods; explore objective indicators based on the pathogenesis, and focus on the morphological and functional changes of disease target brain regions with the help of neuroimaging techniques, so as to improve the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of CFS; based on the guidance of TCM theory, improve the CFS emotional abnormal animal modeling method.

The incidence of chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS)has gradually increased in recent years.Although CFS can severely affect patient quality of life,its clinical diagnosis is easily overlooked.Elucidating the pathogenesis of CFS and treating it from both etiological and symptomatological perspectives are crucial for patient recovery;however,its unclear pathogenesis means that etiological treatment options are limited,and current treatments mainly focus on improving clinical symptoms.In this context,there is a need to establish and evaluate a suitable animal model.This article comprehensively integrates the diagnostic criteria of CFS and progress in related basic research.We also summarize the behavioral experimental method used to evaluate CFS models in basic research in the past 5 years and discuss these evaluations from the perspectives of general condition,fatigue state,cognitive function,emotional state,and pain degree.This review aims to present the current situation,expose problems,trigger reflection,and promote improvements in the behavioral evaluation of animal models of CFS.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) external therapy for sleep disorder of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has good anti-fatigue effect and can improve sleep quality of patients. The treatment for sleep disorders of CFS with TCM external treatment mainly adopts acupuncture, moxibustion, massage, TCM bath, transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation and auricular point sticking, etc., or alone, or comprehensive application, or combined with oral Chinese materia medica. The appropriate treatment method can be selected according to the patients' condition and compliance, which reflects the unique advantages of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment and the treatment according to people and time. The existing research still needs to further form a standardized and recognized diagnosis and treatment system, so as to better guide clinical popularization and application.

Objective To study the surgical techniques and effects of laparoscopy-assisted sigmoid colon vaginoplasty.MethodsClinical data of 27 patients,who underwent laparoscopy-assisted sigmoid colon vaginoplasty at Beijing Anzhen Hospital between June 2006 and June 2007,were retrospectively analyzed.A 15-cm segment of pedicled sigmoid colon was isolated using an ultrasound knife.The distal end of the segment was pulled into the vaginal space in the cul-de-sac of Douglas under a laparoscopic vision as the neovagina.The continuity of the intestinal tract(end-to-end bowel anastomosis) was restored using a circular mechanical suture through the rectum.ResultsThe surgery was successfully completed in all the cases,no intra-operative complication occurred.The mean blood loss and operation time was 82 ml(50-180 ml) and 168 min(120-246 ml) respectively.One patient developed incomplete intestinal obstruction 16 days after the operation,and was cured by conservative treatment.Follow-up was available in 21 patients for 14-20 months.Five patients had no sexual partner during the follow-up,while the other 16 patients were satisfied with their sexual lives after the surgeries.ConclusionLaparoscopic vaginal reconstruction using a sigmoid colon segment is satisfying for cosmetic,functional,and anatomic results.

Objective To report our experience on laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) for elderly patients with cholecystitis and cardiopulmonary diseases.Methods Totally 225 elderly patients,who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital between January 2000 and June 2008,were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the cases,LC were completed in 222 patients,the other 3 were converted to open surgery.No bile duct injury or biliary leakage occurred.After the operation,7 cases developed pulmonary infection,and 3 cases showed urinary infection,all of them were cured by antibiotics.Three cases suffered from cardiac ischemia without further damage.Conclusions With strict enrollment criteria,careful preoperative preparation,skillful operation,and intensive intra-and postoperative monitor,the LC is safe for elderly patients as a minimally invasive surgery.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) in the elderly. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of 118 elderly patients treated with LC in this hospital between January 2000 and January 2005. Results The LC was successfully completed in 116 patients,while conversions to open surgery were required in 2 patients due to low level of insertion of the cystic duct(1 patient) and common bile duct injury(1 patient).The operation time was(30~120 min)(mean,50 min).The postoperative recovery was uneventful in all the patients.The length of hospital stay after operation was 3~7 d(mean,4.5 d).The patient with common bile duct injury was followed for 2 years and 6 months.Transient onsets of abdominal pain and fever were noted and cured with antibiotics for 2~5 days.No biliary tract stenosis or bile duct calculus was seen.Follow-up observations in the remaining 117 patients for 6~12 months(mean,10.5 months) revealed no abdominal pain,fever,or jaundice. Conclusions Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is acceptable and safe for elderly patients.Proper peri-operative management and careful surgical performance are essential to the success of surgery.