The goal of achieving elimination of schistosomiasis across all endemic counties in China by 2030 was proposed in the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan. On June 16, 2023, the Action Plan to Accelerate the Elimination of Schistosomiasis in China (2023—2030) was jointly issued by National Disease Control and Prevention Administration and other 10 ministries, which deployed the targets and key tasks of the national schistosomiasis elimination programme in China. This article describes the progress of the national schistosomiasis control programme, analyzes the opportunities to eliminate schistosomiasis, and proposes targeted recommendations to tackle the challenges of schistosomiasis elimination, so as to accelerate the process towards schistosomiasis elimination and facilitate the building of a healthy China.

Objective:To describe the characteristics and medical seeking behaviors of female infertility patients in assisted reproductive institutions in China overall and geographical regions, and compare the differences among the eastern, the middle and the western regions.Methods:This study used the data from Unit 6-Analysis on the matching status of reproductive health and health care services among reproductive age population and demonstration and promotion study of diagnosis and treatment in National Key R&D Program "Reproductive Health and Major Birth Defects Prevention and Control Study" participated by the Assisted Reproductive Technology Management Department of Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. One assisted reproductive institution with more than 1 000 and less than 1 000 oocyte retrieval cycles by in vitro fertilization techniques in 2018 was selected from 8 provincial capital cities in different regions of eastern and western China, and the questionnaire data of infertile female patients aged 20-49 years who first visited the outpatient clinics of 16 institutions were analyzed. The patient's age, degree of culture, annual personal income, try-to-conceived time, and one-way transportation time were analyzed using the frequency description, χ 2 test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and other methods. Results:A total of 3 673 female patients were finally included as study subjects. The patient's age was (31.0±4.6) years old, and 59.0% (2 156/3 660) was an undergraduate/college degree or above, with a median pregnancy test duration of 2.0 (1.3, 3.5) years. In terms of demographic characteristics, the proportion of patients over 35 years old in the eastern and western regions was greater in small institutions, 22.8% (216/948) and 26.4% (148/561), respectively. The proportion of patients with academic degrees in high school and below in the central region was higher, 49.1% (216/440) in large institutions and 47.0% (275/585) in small institutions. In terms of economics, 30.5% (521/1 708) of eastern patients reached an annual income of more than RMB 100 000, while only 2.8% (26/939) were willing to accept more than RMB 100 000 in treatment costs, and patients in the central and western regions were lower than those in the eastern region in terms of their annual income and acceptable treatment costs ( P<0.001). In terms of transportation, patients in the western region spent the longest amount of one-way transportation time, with large institutions of 30.9% (117/379) and small institutions of 29.8% (167/561) needing to spend more than 3 h; the proportion of patients in the eastern region who seek medical treatment from overseas was the highest, with 21.6% (164/758). Conclusion:The age of infertility patients in assisted reproductive institutions in China generally exceeds the optimal reproductive age of women and has a higher degree of education. Therefore, in young and people with a lower degree of education, the publicity of reproductive knowledge should be strengthened to encourage couples with fertility willingness to start preparation as early as possible. ln addition, there are more older patients in the western region, as well as the economic and transportation conditions are more unfavorable, and more attention needs to be paid at the policy level.

Objective:To describe the characteristics and medical seeking behaviors of female infertility patients in assisted reproductive institutions in China overall and geographical regions, and compare the differences among the eastern, the middle and the western regions.Methods:This study used the data from Unit 6-Analysis on the matching status of reproductive health and health care services among reproductive age population and demonstration and promotion study of diagnosis and treatment in National Key R&D Program "Reproductive Health and Major Birth Defects Prevention and Control Study" participated by the Assisted Reproductive Technology Management Department of Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. One assisted reproductive institution with more than 1 000 and less than 1 000 oocyte retrieval cycles by in vitro fertilization techniques in 2018 was selected from 8 provincial capital cities in different regions of eastern and western China, and the questionnaire data of infertile female patients aged 20-49 years who first visited the outpatient clinics of 16 institutions were analyzed. The patient's age, degree of culture, annual personal income, try-to-conceived time, and one-way transportation time were analyzed using the frequency description, χ 2 test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and other methods. Results:A total of 3 673 female patients were finally included as study subjects. The patient's age was (31.0±4.6) years old, and 59.0% (2 156/3 660) was an undergraduate/college degree or above, with a median pregnancy test duration of 2.0 (1.3, 3.5) years. In terms of demographic characteristics, the proportion of patients over 35 years old in the eastern and western regions was greater in small institutions, 22.8% (216/948) and 26.4% (148/561), respectively. The proportion of patients with academic degrees in high school and below in the central region was higher, 49.1% (216/440) in large institutions and 47.0% (275/585) in small institutions. In terms of economics, 30.5% (521/1 708) of eastern patients reached an annual income of more than RMB 100 000, while only 2.8% (26/939) were willing to accept more than RMB 100 000 in treatment costs, and patients in the central and western regions were lower than those in the eastern region in terms of their annual income and acceptable treatment costs ( P<0.001). In terms of transportation, patients in the western region spent the longest amount of one-way transportation time, with large institutions of 30.9% (117/379) and small institutions of 29.8% (167/561) needing to spend more than 3 h; the proportion of patients in the eastern region who seek medical treatment from overseas was the highest, with 21.6% (164/758). Conclusion:The age of infertility patients in assisted reproductive institutions in China generally exceeds the optimal reproductive age of women and has a higher degree of education. Therefore, in young and people with a lower degree of education, the publicity of reproductive knowledge should be strengthened to encourage couples with fertility willingness to start preparation as early as possible. ln addition, there are more older patients in the western region, as well as the economic and transportation conditions are more unfavorable, and more attention needs to be paid at the policy level.

In this study,we summarized the results from the retrospective investigation on endemic situation of schistosomia-sis that was implemented in nine provinces(autonomous region),China in 2009,demonstrated the role of these retrospective in-vestigations in accelerating the progress of schistosomiasis control in China,and clarified the great significance of the investiga-tion for summarizing the experiences for the control of schistosomiasis,and analyzing the changing patterns and affecting factors of endemic status of schistosomiasis in China. In addition,these retrospective investigations provide reliable evidence for revis-ing the Criteria of Schistosomiasis Control and Elimination,and for the more accurate and scientific assessment of the effec-tiveness of schistosomiasis control in China.

Objective To detect the change of the anti-S. japonicum antibody level after people migrated from outside embankment to newly established town. Methods Three pilot spots were established for the investigation: one spot thut both inhabitancy and cultivation disused (A), one spot that only inhabitancy disused but farming continued (B) and the third one served as control (C). DIGFA and ELISA were used to detect the antibody level in the populations from 2002 to 2005. Results The positive rate of anti-S.japonkum antibody declined significantly from 6.63% to 3.52% by DIGFA and from 7.26% to 3.71% by ELISA at spot A (X2=5.2625, P