The nervous system, as the core hub of physiological regulation in the human body, plays a key role in the tumor microenvironment through the neuro-immune-tumor axis. Studies have shown that tumor-infiltrating nerve fibers regulate immune cell functions by releasing neurotransmitters, while immune cells can feedback and modulate neuronal activity, forming a dynamic bidirectional interaction network. The emerging field of cancer neuroimmunology focuses on the complex dialogue mechanisms between the nervous and immune systems in the tumor microenvironment. In-depth analysis of the neuro-immune interaction network not only provides new perspectives for understanding tumor immune escape, but also lays the theoretical foundation for developing novel combination therapies targeting the neuro-immune axis, potentially providing breakthrough strategies to overcome resistance to current immunotherapies.

The nervous system, as the core hub of physiological regulation in the human body, plays a key role in the tumor microenvironment through the neuro-immune-tumor axis. Studies have shown that tumor-infiltrating nerve fibers regulate immune cell functions by releasing neurotransmitters, while immune cells can feedback and modulate neuronal activity, forming a dynamic bidirectional interaction network. The emerging field of cancer neuroimmunology focuses on the complex dialogue mechanisms between the nervous and immune systems in the tumor microenvironment. In-depth analysis of the neuro-immune interaction network not only provides new perspectives for understanding tumor immune escape, but also lays the theoretical foundation for developing novel combination therapies targeting the neuro-immune axis, potentially providing breakthrough strategies to overcome resistance to current immunotherapies.

Objective To establish F0 generation chimeric rabbits with FOXN1 gene knockout and explore method for the in vivo conservation of immunodeficient rabbits in a conventional housing environment.Methods Initially,CRISPR/Cas9 technology was employed to inject constructed sgRNA and Cas9 protein into a single cell from rabbit two-cell stage embryos to obtain chimeric embryos with FOXN1 gene editing.The embryos were subsequently transferred into surrogate does.Finally,the F0 generation offsprings were genotyped using PCR and Sanger sequencing,and their growth and development in a conventional housing environment were observed.Results The PCR and Sanger sequencing result confirmed the successful establishment of himeric rabbits with FOXN1 gene knockout.On observation,the chimeras exhibited normal growth and development in a conventional environment without any immunodeficient phenotypes.Conclusions This study established a preliminary chimeric rabbit model with FOXN1 gene knockout that grows and develops normally in standard laboratory environments.This lays the foundation for the further breeding of FOXN1 immunodeficient rabbits in the future.

The goal of achieving elimination of schistosomiasis across all endemic counties in China by 2030 was proposed in the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan. On June 16, 2023, the Action Plan to Accelerate the Elimination of Schistosomiasis in China (2023—2030) was jointly issued by National Disease Control and Prevention Administration and other 10 ministries, which deployed the targets and key tasks of the national schistosomiasis elimination programme in China. This article describes the progress of the national schistosomiasis control programme, analyzes the opportunities to eliminate schistosomiasis, and proposes targeted recommendations to tackle the challenges of schistosomiasis elimination, so as to accelerate the process towards schistosomiasis elimination and facilitate the building of a healthy China.

Objective To compare the efficiency of multiple etiological techniques for detection of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild mice, so as to provide technical supports to assessment of schistosomiasis transmission risk. Methods Wild mice were captured with baited traps at night in Oncomelania hupensis snail-infested settings in schistosomiasis-endemic foci of Anhui Province from October to November, 2022. S. japonicum infections were detected in wild mice using microscopy of mouse liver tissues, microscopy of mouse mesenteric tissues, microscopy of mouse liver tissue homogenates, miracidial hatching test of mouse liver tissue homogenates, Kato-Katz technique and miracidial hatching test of mouse stool samples alone and in combinations. Identification of S. japonicum eggs or miracidia by any of these six assays was defined as an infection. The sensitivity of six assays alone or in combinations was compared for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice. Results A total of 1 703 wild mice were captured, with 366 wild mice detected positive for S. japonicum (21.49%). There were significant differences in the prevalence of S. japonicum infections in wild mice by six assays (Q = 529.33, P < 0.001) and in the sensitivity of six assays for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice (χ² = 527.78, P < 0.001). In addition, the combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and mesenteric tissues, combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and liver tissue homogenates and combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues, microscopy of mesenteric tissues, microscopy of liver tissue homogenates and Kato-Katz technique showed 86.61%, 87.16% and 97.27% sensitivities for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice, respectively. Conclusions Diverse etiological assays show various efficiencies for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice. Combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and microscopy of mesenteric tissues, and combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and microscopy of liver tissue homogenates are potential approaches for field detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice.

Objective:To explore the effects of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) actinfilament-associated protein 1-antisense RNA1 (AFAP1-AS1) on proliferation and invasion of thyroid cancer cells and its mechanisms.Methods:Quantitative real time fluorescence PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to assess the expression of AFAP1-AS1 in normal thyroid cells and thyroid cancer cells. The thyroid cancer cell line WRO was divided into three groups, AFAP1-AS1 silencing group (AFAP1-AS1-siRNA group), negative control group (NT-siRNA group) and blank control group (Blank group). AFAP1-AS1-siRNA group and NT-siRNA group were transfected with AFAP1-AS1 siRNA and NT-siRNA respectively using Lipofectamine? 3000, and Blank group was treated with PBST. The proliferation ability was measured by CCK-8. The invasion ability was measured by Transwell assay. The expression levels of Rho A, Cyclin D1 and MMP-9 protein were measured by Western blotting.Results:The relative expressions of AFAP1-AS1 in normal thyroid cell line FRTL-5, thyroid cancer cell lines SW579, CAL-62, FRO and WRO were 1.03±0.04, 2.95±0.17, 5.31±0.35, 7.26±0.49 and 9.67±0.53 respectively, and the difference among the five groups was statistically significant ( F=16.932, P=0.027). The expression of AFAP1-AS1 was highest in WRO cells, therefore, the WRO cells were selected for subsequent experiments. The relative expressions of AFAP1-AS1 in AFAP1-AS1-siRNA group, NT-siRNA group and Blank group were 0.23±0.02, 1.02±0.04 and 1.03±0.05 respectively, and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant ( F=13.590, P=0.006). Compared with NT-siRNA group, the expression of AFAP1-AS1 in AFAP1-AS1-siRNA group was significantly lower ( P<0.001). The A450 values in the three groups were 0.68±0.06, 1.17±0.09, 1.22±0.09, and 0.96±0.08, 1.69±0.11, 1.72±0.12 respectively 3 and 4 days after transfection, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=7.318, P=0.016; F=10.351, P=0.004). The differences between AFAP1-AS1-siRNA group and NT-siRNA group 3 and 4 days after transfection were statistically significant ( P=0.043; P=0.013). The numbers of invasive cells in the three groups were 72.8±5.7, 145.6±8.9, 148.4±7.3, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=37.273, P=0.034). The number of invasive cells in AFAP1-AS1-siRNA group was significantly less than that in NT-siRNA group ( P=0.021). The expressions of Rho A protein in the three groups were 0.34±0.03, 1.02±0.04 and 1.04±0.03 respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=9.667, P=0.013). The expression of Rho A protein in AFAP1-AS1-siRNA group was significantly lower than that in NT-siRNA group ( P=0.018). The expressions of Cyclin D1 protein in the three groups were 0.52±0.04, 1.03±0.02 and 1.05±0.04 respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=15.464, P=0.010). The expression of Cyclin D1 in AFAP1-AS1-siRNA group was significantly lower than that in NT-siRNA group ( P=0.023). The expressions of MMP-9 protein in the three groups were 0.42±0.04, 1.05±0.03 and 1.02±0.04 respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=10.328, P=0.032). The expression of MMP-9 in AFAP1-AS1-siRNA group was significantly lower than that in NT-siRNA group ( P=0.035). Conclusion:The silencing of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of thyroid cancer cells, and the mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of Rho A, Cyclin D1 and MMP-9 proteins.

Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibacterial agent used in infections caused by gram-positive cocci such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, penicillin-resistant pneumococcus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. Lactic acidosis is one of the adverse reactions of linezolid. The risk factors of lactic acidosis caused by linezolid are long-term exposure, liver dysfunction, renal dysfunction, mitochondrial DNA A2706G polymorphism, combined use of drugs affecting mitochondrial function, etc. The symptoms of lactic acidosis caused by linezolid are nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, shortness of breath, tachycardia, and hypotension, etc., which can be identified early by close monitoring of laboratory indicators such as blood lactic acid, pH, and blood drug concentration. The mechanism of lactic acidosis induced by linezolid may be related to mitochondrial toxicity. The lactic acidosis of linezolid can be caused by reducing drug dose, stopping drug or even in vitro renal replacement therapy, and strengthening symptomatic support therapy if necessary. This review is intended to provide ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of lactate acidosis caused by linezolid.

Electronic data capture(EDC) plays an important role in improving the quality of clinical research.The authors introduced the main functions of EDC and the use flow, then from its core function, analyzed the role of EDC in improving the quality of clinical research and scientific research management. Then they proposed the thinking of finding and solving problems from EDC " big data".Their efforts aim at enabling research administrators in extending clinical research management scope and management quality.

Objective To investigate the effect of ultrasound debridement combined with vacuum sealing drainage on the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer and the potential mechanism. Methods Eighty-one patients with diabetic ulcer were randomly divided into two groups:ultrasound debridement combined with vacuum sealing drain-age as the experimental group,routine debridement combined with vacuum sealing drainage as the control group. The clinical curative effect,the reduction rate of the wound,the rate of blastocyst and the rate of bacterial clear-ance and blood flow were detected.Results The clinical curative effect in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group(P < 0.05). The rates of wound reduction and granulation were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After 14-day treatment,the blood perfusion in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in the ulcer tissue was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions Ultrasound de-bridement combined with vacuum sealing drainage can improve the clinical efficacy,wound reduction rate,granu-lation coverage rate and bacterial clearance rate,and increase ulcer tissue blood flow. The potential mechanism is related with the increases of HIF-1α and VEGF in ulcer tissue.

Objective: To investigate the status and prognostic significance of TERT and IDH1/2 genes mutations in diffusely infiltrating gliomas. Methods: Hot spot mutations of TERT and IDH1/2 genes were detected by DNA sequencing in 236 cases of gliomas at West China Hospital from 2012 to 2016, including pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade Ⅰ, 16 cases), diffuse astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma (WHO grade Ⅱ, 89 cases), anaplastic astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma (WHO grade Ⅲ, 72 cases) and glioblastoma (WHO grade Ⅳ, 59 cases). The prognostic significance of TERT and IDH1/2 hot spot mutations was evaluated. Results: No IDH or TERT mutations were detected in pilocytic gliomas. TERT promoter mutation frequency was higher in patients aged ≥40 years(60.8%, 93/153) than in patients aged <40 years (32.8%, 22/67; P<0.01). TERT promoter mutation rate was also significantly higher in oligodendroglioma (87.5% , 56/64) than that in astrocytoma(37.8%, 59/156; P<0.01). Young age (<40 years), oligodendroglioma and IDH1 mutation were favorable prognostic factors for diffusely infiltrating astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors. TERT mutation alone was not of prognostic significance. Diffusely infiltrating astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors were divided into four molecular subtypes according to TERT and IDH1 mutation status: IDH(+ )/TERT(+ ), IDH(+ )/TERT(-), IDH(-)/TERT(-) and IDH(-)/TERT(+ ). There was significant prognostic difference among the 4 subtypes. Conclusions Combined IDH and TERT gene mutation analysis may be useful for prognostic subgrouping. Notably, IDH1 wild-type cases can be further subdivided into TERT(+ ) or (-) subgroups with significant prognostic difference.