This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

BACKGROUND:Scoliosis mainly refers to sequence abnormalities in the coronal,sagittal,and axial positions of the spine,with a Cobb angle of≥10°.The patients may experience symptoms such as unequal shoulder height and back asymmetry.Severe cases may affect the patient's cardiopulmonary function,thereby affecting their daily life.Conservative treatment can control the progression of scoliosis and avoid later surgery.Scoliosis orthosis is currently a commonly used and effective treatment measure in conservative treatment. OBJECTIVE:To summarize and analyze the current research status,hotspots,and trends of scoliosis orthoses both domestically and internationally,providing reference for related research. METHODS:Using bibliometrics and visual analysis as tools,and using a comparison between China and foreign countries as a method,this paper analyzes the literature on scoliosis orthosis journals in the past decade.Based on bibliometrics,the current status of research on scoliosis orthoses is determined.Citespace software is used to analyze key words and identify the current hotspots and future trends in scoliosis orthosis research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)At present,the number of literature on scoliosis orthoses is still on a fluctuating upward trend.China and the United States are the main countries for research,with a literature share of over 40%.However,the average citation rate of foreign language literature by Chinese scholars is relatively low.(2)The basic fields of domestic research are mainly surgery and pediatrics,while orthotics and clinical neurology are mainly studied abroad.Among them,there is also a certain number of documents in domestic Chinese medicine,indicating that China is also engaged in the combination of Chinese and Western treatment of scoliosis.The National Natural Science Foundation of China has the highest proportion in the aspect of Chinese and foreign literature,reflecting the importance of the fund attaches to the research of scoliosis orthosis.(3)The authors with the highest number of publications are Qiu Yong and Negrini Stefano,and the most published institutions are the Spinal Surgery Department of Gulou Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical College and UDICE-French Research University.Domestic and foreign authors and institutions have certain communications about this,but not closely,which requires relevant institutions and scholars to further explore and study.(4)From the research hotspots and future trends,the main treatment type is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,while the production method of the short-column side bending orthosis is three-dimensinoal printing,and the main treatment index is convex progression.The ultimate purpose of treatment is to improve the quality of life of the patients.

Objective:To investigate the role of protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit (PP4C) in regulating hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) levels and its effects on the biological functions of HBx, thus to provide a potential therapeutic targets for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:In vivo and in vitro interactions between HBx and PP4C were analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and GST pull-down assay. Recombinant plasmids of PP4C and HBx were co-transfected with Lipofectamine 3000 reagents into hepatoma cells to detect the protein levels of HBx by Western blot. The half-life of HBx in the transfected cells treated with cycloheximide (CHX) were detected. The phosphorylation assay was used to evaluate the effects of PP4C on HBx phosphorylation. CCK8 assay, wound healing assay and Matrigel invasion chamber assay were used to analyze the effects of PP4C on the biological functions of HBx. Results:PP4C interacted with HBx in vivo and in vitro. PP4C overexpression significantly increased the protein level and stability of HBx and the phosphorylation assay confirmed that PP4C overexpression decreased the serine phosphorylation of HBx in hepatoma cells. PP4C overexpression enhanced the migration and invasion of hepatoma cells, but had no significant effects on the proliferation. Conclusions:The interactions between HBx and PP4C promoted the stability of HBx and ultimately enhanced the migration and invasion of hepatoma cells, and the mechanisms might be related to the decrease of HBx serine phosphorylation by PP4C. This study provided a theoretical basis for further investigation of the pathogenic mechanisms of HBx, and targeting PP4C and HBx interaction might provide insights for developing novel treatment for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the volume ratio of ischemic leukoaraiosis (LA) and cognitive level and arterial perfusion.Methods:Fifty-four patients, who was hospitalized in Dalian Central Hospital and diagnosed as LA clinically during the time of March to December in 2012, were selected to collect the information of the volume ratio of white matter disease, MoCa score and the average flow rate of carotid artery. The correlation between the volume ratio of white matter disease and MoCa score, cognitive impairment and the average flow rate of carotid artery were analyzed.Results:The volume ratio of LA lesions was negatively correlated with MOCA score ( r = -0.59, P<0.01); the volume ratio of LA lesions was negatively correlated with the mean flow rate of internal carotid artery ( r = -0.37, P<0.01). Quantity order of the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of MoCA cognitive subgroup was as following: delayed memory (1.000)> visual space/executive function (0.970) = abstract force (0.970)> language ability (0.960)> attention (0.888). Conclusions:The larger the volume ratio of leukopathy in LA patients, the more serious the cognitive impairment, especially the cognitive impairment of impairment of memory delay, visual space/executive function, abstract ability and language ability.

OBJECTIVE：To esta blish a method for si multaneous determination of 5 components in the branch and root of Juglans mandshurica as gallic acid ，ellagic acid ，1，6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose，1，2，6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose and 1，2，3， 6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose，and to analyze the content difference of above 5 components between the branch and root samples. METHODS：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of water （containing 0.2％ formic acid ）-acetonitrile （containing 0.2％ formic acid ）. A gradient elution was performed at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was 270 nm. The sample size was 5 μL. Independent samples t-test and partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）were applied for statistical analysis of 5 components. RESULTS ：The linear range of gallic acid ，ellagic acid ，1，6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose，1，2， 6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose and 1，2，3，6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose were 0.989-63.3，1.58-101，1.01-64.7，3.31-212，3.34-214 μg/mL （r≥0.997 3），respectively. RSDs of precision ，reproducibility and stability tests （12 h）were all lower than 3.2％. The average recoveries of the 5 components were 103.2％（RSD＝4.85％），99.1％（RSD＝2.80％），101.5％（RSD＝1.31％），102.9％（RSD＝ 2.73％）and 104.7％（RSD＝1.28％），respectively. The average contents of the above components in the branch of J. mandshurica were 0.296 5，0.621 1，0.562 5，3.111 7 and 3.451 3 mg/g，respectively. The average contents of above components in the root were 0.673 4，2.755 5，0.964 0，2.946 6 and 4.836 4 mg/g，respectively. The total contents of the 5 components in the branch and roo t of J. mandshurica were 8.043 2 and 12.175 9 mg/g，respectively. The contents of gallic acid ，ellagic acid and 1，6-di-O-galloyl- β-D-glucose in roots were significantly higher than those in branches （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. There were no significant differences in the contents of the other 2 components and the total contents of the 5 components in branches and roots （P＞0.05）. The cumulative interpretability （R 2X，R 2Y） and cumulative predictability （Q 2） of the model established by PLS-DA were 0.943，0.745，and 0.710 respectively. The model load diagram showed that the distance between the ellagic acid and the origin was the farthest ，and only variable projection importance of the content of the ellagic acid was greater than 1. CONCLUSIONS：The established method can be used for the content determination of 5 components in the branch and root of J. mandshurica . Except for 1，2，6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose，the contents of other 4 components and total contents of the 5 components in the root of J. mandshurica are higher than those of the branch. Ellagic acid is selected as the potential marker for discriminating the branch and root samples.

In the development of cancer, the DNA fragments of tumor cells enter into the blood circulation to form circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), which is an indicator for detecting and quantifying tumor mutations. Epithelial ovarian cancer accounts for most of the histological types in ovarian cancer. This article reviews the clinical application of ctDNA in epithelial ovarian cancer, including the early diagnosis, therapeutic effect evaluation after operation and adjuvant therapy, tumor load assessment, dynamic monitoring during the follow-up and the prognosis of patients.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of residuals of petroleum ether,ethanol,xylene and ace-tic acid in ecabet sodium crude drug. METHODS:Capillary GC was performed on the column of PGE-20M capillary column at the flow rate of 1.7 ml/min,detector was hydrogen flame ionization detector,carrier gas was nitrogen with high purity,column temper-ature was 45 ℃,maintaining 4 min,it increased to 80 ℃ with rate of 10 ℃/min,then increased to 135 ℃ with rate of 30 ℃/min,maintaining 3 min,the injection mode was direct injection,inlet temperature was 250 ℃,and the volume injection was 1.0 μl. RESULTS:The mass concentration was 0.050-1.952 g/L for petroleum ether,0.050-1.941 g/L for ethanol,0.024-0.948 g/L for xy-lene and 0.050-1.947g/L for acetic acid(r=0.999 1-0.999 7);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 1.7%;recoveries were 99.3%-101.0%(RSD=0.7%,n=9),102.3%-103.7%(RSD=0.4%,n=9),101.2%-102.1%(RSD=0.3%,n=9) and 100.3%-102.2%(RSD=0.6%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and accurate,and can be used for the control of residual of organic solvents in ecabet sodium crude drug.

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (F-URS) and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) for treating upper ureteral calculi by the randomized controlled clinical trial .Methods 120 cases of up-per ureteral calculi treated in this hospital from May to September 2013 were randomized into the F-URS group and the MPCNL group with 60 cases in each group .The postoperative clinical curative effects were compared between the two groups .Results The initial stone clearance rates of the F-URS group and the MPCNL group were 68 .33% and 95 .00% respectively ,and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0 .05) .The clearance rate of the two groups after postoperative 3 months were 96 .67% and 98 .33% respectively ,and the difference between the two groups had no statistical significance (P>0 .05) .The operating time of the F-URS group and the MPCNL group was (35 .33 ± 11 .57)min and (53 .75 ± 17 .31)min respectively ,the average hospital stay after operation was(3 .05 ± 0 .62)d and (5 .43 ± 1 .84)d respectively ,and the average visual analogue scale(VAS) score on first postoper-ative day was 1 .70 ± 1 .37 and 3 .68 ± 1 .57 respectively .These indicators had statistically significant differences between the two groups(P<0 .05) .The average dropped amount of hemoglobin and the occurrence rate of complications after operation had no sta-tistically significant differences between the F-URS group and the MPCNL group(P>0 .05) .Conclusion For upper ureteral calculi with surgical indication ,the effect of F-URS is equivalence to MPCNL in the aspect of the stone clearance rate ,but F-URS has high-er security and shorter postoperative hospital stay .In the department with the condition to conduct F-URS ,F-URS should be ranked as the preferred treatment method for upper ureteral calculi .

Clostridium cellulolyticum, as one of obligate anaerobic bacteria capable of secreting cellulosome, has not been efficiently cultured due to its strict requirement of growing conditions. In this study, culture conditions of C. cellulolyticum were optimized using response surface methodology. Plackett-Burman design was first used to screen the dominant impact factors for the growth of C. cellulolyticum, which were determined as yeast extract concentration, cellobiose concentration and culture temperature. The steepest ascent path design was then applied to gain the suitable range close to the optimal culture conditions for obtaining high cell density. The central composite design and the response surface analysis were finally used to determine the optimal levels of the influential factors, which were 3 g/L for yeast extract concentration, 7 g/L cellobiose concentration and 34 degrees C for culture temperature. The optimized medium was used for flask culture, and OD600 of C. cellulolyticum was increased from 0.303 to 0.586. With a pH-controlled fermentor at batch mode, OD600 reached 3.432, which was 2.8 times higher than elsewhere reported. These results support further study on the high-density culture of C. cellulolyticum and its application.
Bacteriological Techniques ; methods ; Clostridium cellulolyticum ; growth & development ; Culture Media ; Population Density