Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a medication-induced hyperkinetic movement disorder, generally manifested as involuntary spasms or choreiform movements of the tongue, lower face and jaw, and limbs (lasting at least several weeks). It occurs after using neuroleptic medication for at least several months, causing irreversible injuries to the nerve system and significantly impacting patients′ daily function. This review summarizes recent research progress regarding TD risk factors, possible pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, assessment and identification, and treatment and management approaches. The goal is to raise awareness of TD to archive early prevention and identification, standardize treatment, and improve patients′ prognosis and quality of life.

The second edition of the Chinese guideline for the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders was published in August 2023, 13 years after the first edition. The revision principles for the second edition were maintaining the first edition's framework, and based on that framework, making necessary revisions by incorporating research progress and supplementing the latest research findings from the domestic studies and the overseas literature. Referring to the DSM-5 and ICD-11 classifications of mental disorders and the actual clinical situation in China, the anxiety disorders in the second edition were panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and anxiety disorder due to another medical condition. The latest epidemiological data on anxiety disorders in China were added. Following the international guidelines, medications not included in the first edition have been added. Chinese traditional medicines, physical therapy, and internet web-based psychotherapy were also supplemented to fit Chinese clinical settings. Based on a literature review, the latest information on the risks of using antidepressants during pregnancy has been added.A whole course of treatment across the acute phase, consolidation phase, and maintenance phase was further addressed as the treatment principle. First-line and second-line recommendations are provided for medication selections.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a medication-induced hyperkinetic movement disorder, generally manifested as involuntary spasms or choreiform movements of the tongue, lower face and jaw, and limbs (lasting at least several weeks). It occurs after using neuroleptic medication for at least several months, causing irreversible injuries to the nerve system and significantly impacting patients′ daily function. This review summarizes recent research progress regarding TD risk factors, possible pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, assessment and identification, and treatment and management approaches. The goal is to raise awareness of TD to archive early prevention and identification, standardize treatment, and improve patients′ prognosis and quality of life.

The second edition of the Chinese guideline for the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders was published in August 2023, 13 years after the first edition. The revision principles for the second edition were maintaining the first edition's framework, and based on that framework, making necessary revisions by incorporating research progress and supplementing the latest research findings from the domestic studies and the overseas literature. Referring to the DSM-5 and ICD-11 classifications of mental disorders and the actual clinical situation in China, the anxiety disorders in the second edition were panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and anxiety disorder due to another medical condition. The latest epidemiological data on anxiety disorders in China were added. Following the international guidelines, medications not included in the first edition have been added. Chinese traditional medicines, physical therapy, and internet web-based psychotherapy were also supplemented to fit Chinese clinical settings. Based on a literature review, the latest information on the risks of using antidepressants during pregnancy has been added.A whole course of treatment across the acute phase, consolidation phase, and maintenance phase was further addressed as the treatment principle. First-line and second-line recommendations are provided for medication selections.

Humans ; Aripiprazole/therapeutic use* ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy* ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Risperidone ; China ; Treatment Outcome

Recently, the situation of the preventing and controlling of the novel coronavirus infection has changed. After patients with mental disorders are infected with the new coronavirus (hereinafter referred to as the new coronavirus), they will face the following problems: whether the drugs related to the new coronavirus infection can be used at the same time as the psychiatric drugs, and whether there will be pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interactions between the medicines How to avoid the safety risks brought by drug interactions? Focusing on the above issues, this article puts forward some suggestions based on the summary of existing evidence, hoping to help front-line doctors.

Recently, the situation of the preventing and controlling of the novel coronavirus infection has changed. After patients with mental disorders are infected with the new coronavirus (hereinafter referred to as the new coronavirus), they will face the following problems: whether the drugs related to the new coronavirus infection can be used at the same time as the psychiatric drugs, and whether there will be pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interactions between the medicines How to avoid the safety risks brought by drug interactions? Focusing on the above issues, this article puts forward some suggestions based on the summary of existing evidence, hoping to help front-line doctors.

Objective:To investigate resting-state regional homogeneity in patients with bipolar disorder in different mood states and the potential trait imaging markers of bipolar disorder.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study involving 169 patients who met the diagnosis criteria of bipolar disorder in DSM-Ⅳ-TR (including 68 patients with bipolar depression, 29 patients with bipolar (hypo)mania, 72 patients with bipolar euthymia) and 113 controls matched by age and gender. The severity of depression, mania, and the positive and negative affects were assessed by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD 17), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Resting-state fMRI data were obtained. After fMRI data processing, 64 patients with bipolar depression, 28 patients with bipolar (hypo)mania, 66 patients with bipolar euthymia, and 112 controls were included in the final analysis. The regional homogeneity (ReHo) values were computed, and analysis of covariance was performed on ReHo values among the four groups. Post hoc analysis was conducted based on the ReHo values extracted from the brain regions with significant differences. The relationship between the ReHo values and clinical scores was examined. Results:Significant ReHo differences were observed in the bilateral posterior cerebellum ( F=11.41 for left, F=10.45 for right), bilateral calcarine cortex ( F=10.60 for left, F=9.59 for right), and right superior temporal gyrus ( F=10.58). Compared to controls, bipolar patients in all mood states demonstrated decreased ReHo in the left posterior cerebellum ( P<0.01 for all) and increased ReHo in the right posterior cerebellum ( P<0.05 for all), bilateral calcarine cortex and right superior temporal gyrus ( P<0.01 for all). The clinical score of negative affects was negatively correlated with the ReHo values in the right calcarine cortex ( r=-0.17, P=0.04, uncorrected). Conclusions:Bipolar disorder is characterized by regional homogeneity changes in the bilateral posterior cerebellum, bilateral calcarine cortex and right superior temporal gyrus across different mood states. The functional abnormalities in the cerebellum, visual network and sensorimotor network could comprise a trait biomarker for bipolar disorder.

Objective:To investigate resting-state regional homogeneity in patients with bipolar disorder in different mood states and the potential trait imaging markers of bipolar disorder.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study involving 169 patients who met the diagnosis criteria of bipolar disorder in DSM-Ⅳ-TR (including 68 patients with bipolar depression, 29 patients with bipolar (hypo)mania, 72 patients with bipolar euthymia) and 113 controls matched by age and gender. The severity of depression, mania, and the positive and negative affects were assessed by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD 17), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Resting-state fMRI data were obtained. After fMRI data processing, 64 patients with bipolar depression, 28 patients with bipolar (hypo)mania, 66 patients with bipolar euthymia, and 112 controls were included in the final analysis. The regional homogeneity (ReHo) values were computed, and analysis of covariance was performed on ReHo values among the four groups. Post hoc analysis was conducted based on the ReHo values extracted from the brain regions with significant differences. The relationship between the ReHo values and clinical scores was examined. Results:Significant ReHo differences were observed in the bilateral posterior cerebellum ( F=11.41 for left, F=10.45 for right), bilateral calcarine cortex ( F=10.60 for left, F=9.59 for right), and right superior temporal gyrus ( F=10.58). Compared to controls, bipolar patients in all mood states demonstrated decreased ReHo in the left posterior cerebellum ( P<0.01 for all) and increased ReHo in the right posterior cerebellum ( P<0.05 for all), bilateral calcarine cortex and right superior temporal gyrus ( P<0.01 for all). The clinical score of negative affects was negatively correlated with the ReHo values in the right calcarine cortex ( r=-0.17, P=0.04, uncorrected). Conclusions:Bipolar disorder is characterized by regional homogeneity changes in the bilateral posterior cerebellum, bilateral calcarine cortex and right superior temporal gyrus across different mood states. The functional abnormalities in the cerebellum, visual network and sensorimotor network could comprise a trait biomarker for bipolar disorder.

Objective:To evaluate the prognostic significance of clonal gene mutations using next-generation sequencing in patients with core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF-AML) who achieved first complete remission after induction chemotherapy.Methods:The study, which was conducted from July 2011 to August 2017 in First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, comprised 195 newly diagnosed patients with CBF-AML, including 190 patients who achieved first complete remission after induction chemotherapy. The cohort included 134 patients with RUNX1-RUNXIT1 + AML and 56 patients with CBFβ-MYH11 + AML. The cohort age ranged from 15 to 64 years, with a median follow-up of 43.6 months. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed by the log-rank test, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine the effects of clinical factors and genetic mutations on prognosis. Results:The most common genetic mutations were in KIT (47.6% ) , followed by NRAS (20.0% ) , FLT3 (18.4% ) , ASXL2 (14.3% ) , KRAS (10.7% ) , and ASXL1 (9.7% ) . The most common mutations involved genes affecting tyrosine kinase signaling (76.4% ) , followed by chromatin modifiers (29.7% ) . Among the patients receiving intensive consolidation therapy, the OS tended to be better in patients with CBFβ-MYH11 + AML than in those with RUNX1-RUNXIT1 + AML ( P=0.062) . Gene mutations related to chromatin modification, which were detected only in patients with RUNX1-RUNXIT1 + AML, did not affect DFS ( P=0.557) . The patients with mutations in genes regulating chromatin conformation who received allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) achieved the best prognosis. Multivariate analysis identified KIT exon 17 mutations as an independent predictor of inferior DFS in patients with RUNX1-RUNXIT1 + AML ( P<0.001) , and allo-HSCT significantly prolonged DFS in these patients ( P=0.010) . Conclusions:KIT exon 17 mutations might indicate poor prognosis in patients with RUNX1-RUNXIT1 + AML. Allo-HSCT may improve prognosis in these patients, whereas allo-HSCT might also improve prognosis in patients with mutations in genes related to chromatin modifications.