Objective To investigate the factors affecting the distribution of Pomacea and project the trends in the spread of suitable distribution areas of Pomacea in 2050 and 2070 in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, so as to provide insights into Pomacea control in the prefecture. Methods The longitudes and latitudes of Pomacea sampling sites were captured based on Pomacea field survey data in 12 cities (counties) of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture from 2023 to 2024. A total of 19 climatic factors (annual mean temperature, mean diurnal range, isothermality, temperature seasonality, maximum temperature of the warmest month, minimum temperature of the coldest month, temperature annual range, mean temperature of the wettest quarter, mean temperature of the driest quarter, mean temperature of the warmest month, mean temperature of the coldest month, annual precipitation, precipitation of the wettest month, precipitation of the driest month, precipitation seasonality, precipitation of the wettest quarter, precipitation of the driest quarter, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, and mean temperature of the coldest quarter) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs) were retrieved from the world climate database (www.worldclim.org). All climatic variables were employed to create a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model. The predictive accuracy of the model was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and the contributions of these 19 climatic factors to the distribution of Pomacea were analyzed in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture using Jackknife test. In addition, the suitable distribution areas of Pomacea were predicted with the MaxEnt model in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in 2024 and in 2050 and 2070 under RCP4.5. Results Data pertaining to 91 Pomacea sampling sites were captured. ROC analysis revealed the MaxEnt model had an AUC value of 0.885 ± 0.088 for predicting the suitable distribution areas of Pomacea in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. Of the 19 climatic factors, the maximum temperature of the warmest month had the highest contribution to the distribution of Pomacea in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, followed by mean temperature of the driest quarter, mean temperature of the wettest quarter and minimum temperature of the coldest month. The suitable distribution area of Pomacea was predicted to be 14 555.69 km² in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in 2024, and would expand gradually to the southeastern part of the prefecture in the future due to climatic factors. The suitable distribution areas of Pomacea were projected to expand to 21 475.61 km² in 2050 and 25 782.52 km² in 2070 in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, respectively. Conclusions Temperature is an important contributor to the distribution of Pomacea in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, and the suitable distribution area of Pomacea will gradually expand to the southeastern part of the prefecture in 2050 and 2070.

Objective:To explore the relationship between impulsivity traits,anxiety,and symptoms of eating disorders,with a focus on the mediating effect of anxiety between impulsivity and eating disorder symptoms.Me-thods:A total of 244 patients with eating disorders meeting the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa(AN)and bulimia nervosa(BN)were enrolled,and the Eating Disorder Inventory-1(EDI-1),Barratt Impulsive-ness Scale(BIS-11),and the State Anxiety Inventory(SAI)were assessed.Mediation role analysis was performed by SPSS macro PROCESS program.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between the total score of BIS-11,SAI and EDI-1 in AN and BN patients(AN,r=0.56,0.63,0.72;P＜0.001.BN,r=0.51,0.31,0.56;P＜0.001 or P＜0.01).The total score of SAI played a mediating effect between the total score of BIS-11 and the total score of EDI-1,but the total score of SAI played a partial mediating effect(effect ratio was 46.9％)in patients with AN,and the total score of SAI played a full mediating effect in patients with BN.Conclusion:Impulsive trait and anxiety may be positive predictors of eating disorder symptoms.Anxiety mediates the relationship between impul-sivity trait and eating disorder symptoms,with a partial mediating effect in patients with AN and a full mediating effect in patients with BN.

In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence technology in rectal cancer radiotherapy has become increasingly significant. By constructing models from patient clinical information, accurate prediction of dose distribution, treatment effect, and toxic side effects of rectal cancer can be achieved. This allows optimizing the radiotherapy plan, ensuring the dose is focused on the tumor target area while reducing the radiation damage to the bladder, rectum, and other surrounding tissues. Thus, it can achieve precision and personalization in radiotherapy. In this review, the construction method of artificial intelligence predictive models was described, and the value of different predictive factors to the model was systematically analyzed, including patient clinical data, radiomics, and dosimetry. Moreover, the application and limitations of artificial intelligence predictive models in radiotherapy were summarized. This information can serve as a reference for the clinical application of artificial intelligence predictive models in rectal cancer radiotherapy.

Objective:To explore the relationship between impulsivity traits,anxiety,and symptoms of eating disorders,with a focus on the mediating effect of anxiety between impulsivity and eating disorder symptoms.Me-thods:A total of 244 patients with eating disorders meeting the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa(AN)and bulimia nervosa(BN)were enrolled,and the Eating Disorder Inventory-1(EDI-1),Barratt Impulsive-ness Scale(BIS-11),and the State Anxiety Inventory(SAI)were assessed.Mediation role analysis was performed by SPSS macro PROCESS program.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between the total score of BIS-11,SAI and EDI-1 in AN and BN patients(AN,r=0.56,0.63,0.72;P＜0.001.BN,r=0.51,0.31,0.56;P＜0.001 or P＜0.01).The total score of SAI played a mediating effect between the total score of BIS-11 and the total score of EDI-1,but the total score of SAI played a partial mediating effect(effect ratio was 46.9％)in patients with AN,and the total score of SAI played a full mediating effect in patients with BN.Conclusion:Impulsive trait and anxiety may be positive predictors of eating disorder symptoms.Anxiety mediates the relationship between impul-sivity trait and eating disorder symptoms,with a partial mediating effect in patients with AN and a full mediating effect in patients with BN.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a medication-induced hyperkinetic movement disorder, generally manifested as involuntary spasms or choreiform movements of the tongue, lower face and jaw, and limbs (lasting at least several weeks). It occurs after using neuroleptic medication for at least several months, causing irreversible injuries to the nerve system and significantly impacting patients′ daily function. This review summarizes recent research progress regarding TD risk factors, possible pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, assessment and identification, and treatment and management approaches. The goal is to raise awareness of TD to archive early prevention and identification, standardize treatment, and improve patients′ prognosis and quality of life.

Objective:To explore the gender differences in body mass index (BMI), behavioral symptoms, and psychological characteristics in patients with eating disorders (ED).Methods:A total of 986 ED patients, including 54 males and 932 females, who visited the Peking University Sixth Hospital from August 2008 to November 2015 were included in the study. A cross-sectional survey of ED-related clinical manifestations was conducted using the Eating Disorder Questionnaire (EDQ) and the Eating Disorder Inventory-1 (EDI-1). A 1∶4 propensity score matching was utilized to eliminate the potential effects of age and diagnostic category on the symptom presentation of ED patients. To further validate gender differences in symptoms, multiple linear regression was conducted. T-tests, rank sum tests, and chi-square tests were used to compare EDQ item data and EDI-1 scores between male and female ED patients. Network analysis was employed to identify the most critical symptoms of ED patients and compare them between genders.Results:After matching, 54 male and 213 female patients were included in the analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in age ( t=-0.02) and diagnostic composition (χ 2=0.28) between the groups (all P>0.05). The difference between desired and current BMI was significantly different between genders (1.3(-0.6, 3.2) kg/m 2 for males vs.-0.3(-2.3, 2.4) kg/m 2 for females; Z=-2.64, P<0.01), with males desiring a higher weight and females a lower weight. Fewer male ED patients chose to reduce staple food intake as a dieting method compared to females (41.5% (17/41) vs. 63.2% (117/185); χ 2=6.60, P=0.010). Males had lower scores than females for Drive for Thinness and Interoceptive Awareness ( Z=-3.19, -2.26, respectively; all P<0.05). After controlling for demographic variables and other factor scores, gender was found to significantly influence the Drive for Thinness factor score (β=3.10, P<0.001). Network analysis revealed that the core nodes for both male and female ED patients were Drive for Thinness and Interoceptive Awareness, consistent with the entire sample. Conclusions:Male ED patients exhibited a weaker motivation for thinness compared to female patients. In the symptom network analysis, Drive for Thinness and Interoceptive Awareness were identified as the most significant symptoms for both genders.

Objective:To explore anxiety and impulsivity in adult female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and the relationship with different dimensions of the core clinical symptoms.Methods:From June 2014 to October 2022, 96 patients with AN, from both outpatient clinics and inpatient wards, were enrolled from Peking University Sixth Hospital. Additionally, 51 control participants were recruited from the community. State-trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) were used to evaluate the anxiety and impulsivity of each group.The Eating Disorder Inventory-1 (EDI-1) was used to assess clinical and other psychological characteristics of ED.Correlation and regression analysis were employed to explore the relationship between anxiety, impulsivity, and core clinical symptoms of eating disorders.Results:(1) The total EDI-1 score for the AN group ((233.7±48.4) vs. (184.2±30.4), t=7.58, P<0.001) and scores in 7 subscales (Drive for Thinness: t=5.25, P<0.001; Bulimia: t=6.05, P<0.001; Ineffectiveness: t=7.91, P<0.001; Perfectionism: t=3.05, P=0.003; Interpersonal Distrust: t=5.50, P<0.001; Interoceptive Awareness: t=7.00, P<0.001; Maturity Fears: t=2.46, P=0.015) were significantly higher than the control group. (2) The AN group had significantly higher levels of state anxiety ( t=8.60, P<0.001), trait anxiety( t=7.40, P<0.001), total impulsivity( t=3.55, P<0.001), attentional impulsiveness( t=2.43, P=0.017) and motor impulsiveness( t=4.29, P<0.001) compared to the control group.(3)Correlation analysis showed that state anxiety, trait anxiety, attentional impulsiveness, motor impulsiveness, and non-planning impulsiveness were positively correlated with the drive for thinness( r=0.522, 0.577, 0.272, 0.387, 0.209, all P<0.05); State anxiety, trait anxiety, attentional impulsiveness, motor impulsiveness, and non-planning impulsiveness were also positively correlated with bulimia ( r=0.402, 0.471, 0.304, 0.514, 0.466, all P<0.01); Attentional impulsiveness, state anxiety, and trait anxiety were positively correlated with body dissatisfaction ( r=0.333, 0.448, 0.409, all P<0.01). Further ridge regression analysis indicated that trait anxiety in AN patients was an influencing factor of the drive for thinness ( t=3.13, P=0.002), state anxiety was an influencing factor of body dissatisfaction ( t=1.99, P=0.050), and motor impulsiveness and non-planning impulsiveness were the influencing factors of bulimia ( t=2.92, 2.79, all P<005). Conclusions:Patients with anorexia nervosa have higher anxiety and impulsivity, and the levels of anxiety and impulsivity in different dimensions are related to the core clinical symptoms of AN patients.

Objective:To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Sensitivity to Pun-ishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire-Revised and Clarified(SPSRQ-RC)in patients with eating disor-ders.Methods:Totally 111 patients with eating disorders meeting diagnostic criteria of DSM-5 were assessed with SPSRQ-RC,Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11(BIS-11),Trait Anxiety Inventory(TAI)and Eating Disorder Exami-nation Questionnaire 6.0(EDE-Q 6.0).Results:Three factors were extracted from the items by exploratory factor analysis with cumulative variance being 55.65％.The interclass correlation coefficient(ICC)of SR and BIS-11 was 0.26,the ICC of SP and TAI was 0.25,and the correlation coefficient of the SPSRQ-RC and EDE-Q 6.0 was 0.35.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the SPSRQ-RC was 0.83,the test-retest reliability of the scale was 0.82.Conclusion:The Chinese version of SPSRQ-RC shows good psychometric properties in patients with eating disor-ders.

Objective To evaluate the potential risk of transmission of angiostrongyliasis by common freshwater snails in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, so as to provide insights into local surveillance of angiostrongyliasis. Methods Common freshwater snails were collected from Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province from March to April, 2020, and identified and bred in laboratory. SD rats were infected with third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis that were isolated from commercially available Pomacea canaliculata snails in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, and freshwater snails were infected with the first-stage larvae of A. cantonensis that were isolated from the feces of SD rats 39 days post-infection at room temperature. The developmental process and morphological characteristics of worms in hosts were observed, and the percentages of A. cantonensis infections in different species of freshwater snails were calculated. Then, SD rats were infected with the third-stage larvae of A. cantonensis that were isolated from A. cantonensis-infected freshwater snails, and the larval development and reproduction was observed. Results More than 3 000 freshwater snail samples were collected from farmlands, ditches and wetlands around Erhai Lake in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, and Cipangopaludina chinensis, P. canaliculata, Parafossarulus striatulus, Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni, Galba pervia, Physa acuta, Radix swinhoei, Assiminea spp., Tricula spp. and Bellamya spp. were morphologically identified. A total of 105 commercially available P. canaliculata snails were tested for A. cantonensis infections, and 2 P. canaliculata snails were found to be infected with A. cantonensis, in which the third-stage larvae of A. cantonensis were isolated. Ten species of freshwater snails were artificially infected with the third-stage larvae of A. cantonensis, and all 10 species of freshwater snails were found to be infected with A. cantonensis, with the highest positive rate of A. cantonensis infections in Bellamya spp. (62.3%, 137/204), and the lowest in C. chinensis (35.5%, 11/31). After SD rats were infected with the third-stage larvae of A. cantonensis isolated from different species of freshwater snails, mature adult worms of A. cantonensis were yielded. Conclusions Multiple species of freshwater snails may serve as intermediate hosts of A. cantonensis under laboratory conditions in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. Further investigations on natural infection of A. cantonensis in wild snails in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture seem justified.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a medication-induced hyperkinetic movement disorder, generally manifested as involuntary spasms or choreiform movements of the tongue, lower face and jaw, and limbs (lasting at least several weeks). It occurs after using neuroleptic medication for at least several months, causing irreversible injuries to the nerve system and significantly impacting patients′ daily function. This review summarizes recent research progress regarding TD risk factors, possible pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, assessment and identification, and treatment and management approaches. The goal is to raise awareness of TD to archive early prevention and identification, standardize treatment, and improve patients′ prognosis and quality of life.