Objective:To explore the structural equation model to explore the levels of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and various risk factors in the feet and ankle of China's occupational population, providing scientific basis for for preventing WMSDs in feet and ankles.Methods:Data of 73497 national occupational epidemiological cases were selected from June 2018 to December 2023 used the Chinese version of the Electronic Questionnaire on Musculoskeletal Disorders. The adverse ergonomic factors and their source classification standard and confirmatory factor analysis were used to investigate foot and ankle WMSDs and their related risk factors (including individual factors, work organization, work posture, work type, fatigue, etc.) in key occupational groups in China, and structural equation model hypothesis, fitting, verification, and path and intermediary effect analysis were carried out. The model fit evaluation indexes included Chi-square specific degrees of freedom ( χ2/ df), gauge fit index (NFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), goodness of Fit index (GFI), adjusted Goodness of Fit index (AGFI) and approximate root mean square error (RMSEA) . Results:A total of 73497 occupational workers were surveyed, with local muscle fatigue and WMSDs incidence rates in the feet and ankles being 17.17% and 12.06%, respectively. The fitting index of the adjusted structural equation model basically meets the standard (GFI=1, AGFI=1, RMESA=0.042, NFI=0.716, TLI=0.663). The top three factors affecting feet and ankle WMSDs are feet and ankle muscle fatigue, work type, and work organization, with standardized path coefficients of 0.221, 0.105, and 0.095, respectively. The top two factors affecting feet and ankle muscle fatigue are work organization and work type, with standardized path coefficients of 0.548 and 0.383, respectively. Feet and ankle muscle fatigue, work type, work organization, and work posture have a direct effect on feet and ankle WMSDs, with effect values of 0.221, 0.105, 0.095, and 0.077, respectively. The organization and type of work can also have indirect effects through feet and ankle muscle fatigue, with effect values of 0.121 and 0.084, respectively.Conclusion:Feet and ankle muscle fatigue has a direct impact on WMSDs, and plays a mediating role between ankle and ankle WMSDs caused by work organization and work type. Feet and ankle muscle fatigue is an important pathway leading to feet and ankle WMSDs. It is recommended that employers and managers detect job fatigue early and take corresponding prevention and intervention measures, which can play a key role in preventing feet and ankle WMSDs.

Objective:To explore the structural equation model to explore the levels of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and various risk factors in the feet and ankle of China's occupational population, providing scientific basis for for preventing WMSDs in feet and ankles.Methods:Data of 73497 national occupational epidemiological cases were selected from June 2018 to December 2023 used the Chinese version of the Electronic Questionnaire on Musculoskeletal Disorders. The adverse ergonomic factors and their source classification standard and confirmatory factor analysis were used to investigate foot and ankle WMSDs and their related risk factors (including individual factors, work organization, work posture, work type, fatigue, etc.) in key occupational groups in China, and structural equation model hypothesis, fitting, verification, and path and intermediary effect analysis were carried out. The model fit evaluation indexes included Chi-square specific degrees of freedom ( χ2/ df), gauge fit index (NFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), goodness of Fit index (GFI), adjusted Goodness of Fit index (AGFI) and approximate root mean square error (RMSEA) . Results:A total of 73497 occupational workers were surveyed, with local muscle fatigue and WMSDs incidence rates in the feet and ankles being 17.17% and 12.06%, respectively. The fitting index of the adjusted structural equation model basically meets the standard (GFI=1, AGFI=1, RMESA=0.042, NFI=0.716, TLI=0.663). The top three factors affecting feet and ankle WMSDs are feet and ankle muscle fatigue, work type, and work organization, with standardized path coefficients of 0.221, 0.105, and 0.095, respectively. The top two factors affecting feet and ankle muscle fatigue are work organization and work type, with standardized path coefficients of 0.548 and 0.383, respectively. Feet and ankle muscle fatigue, work type, work organization, and work posture have a direct effect on feet and ankle WMSDs, with effect values of 0.221, 0.105, 0.095, and 0.077, respectively. The organization and type of work can also have indirect effects through feet and ankle muscle fatigue, with effect values of 0.121 and 0.084, respectively.Conclusion:Feet and ankle muscle fatigue has a direct impact on WMSDs, and plays a mediating role between ankle and ankle WMSDs caused by work organization and work type. Feet and ankle muscle fatigue is an important pathway leading to feet and ankle WMSDs. It is recommended that employers and managers detect job fatigue early and take corresponding prevention and intervention measures, which can play a key role in preventing feet and ankle WMSDs.

Objective:To compare the therapeutic effects of cannulated screws and Kirschner wires in the treatment of medial malleolar fractures of Salter-Harris types Ⅲ and Ⅳ in children.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 48 and 16 children who had been treated respectively at Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Fuzhou Second General Hospital, and Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine for medial malleolar fractures of Salter-Harris types Ⅲ and Ⅳ from June 2016 to June 2022. There were 32 males and 32 females with an age of 12 (10, 14) years; 31 left and 33 right sides were affected. By the Salter-Harris classification: type Ⅲ in 45 cases, and type Ⅳ in 19 cases. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their internal fixation methods. Group A (44 cases) was subjected to internal fixation with cannulated screws and group B (20 cases) to internal fixation with Kirschner wires. At the last follow-up, anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films of their ankle joints were taken for imaging evaluation. Functional recovery of the affected limbs was evaluated based on the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scoring, and related complications were recorded.Results:The 2 groups were comparable because there were no significant differences in their preoperative general data except laterality ( P>0.05). All the patients were followed up for (37.3±21.5) months and achieved bony union. At the last follow-up, for groups A and B respectively, the distal lateral angle of the tibia was 89.0° (89.0°, 90.0°) and 89.0° (89.0°, 90.0°), the range of ankle motion was 73.5° (67.8°, 76.0°) and 70.0° (70.0°, 75.0°), and the good and excellent rate by the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scoring was 97.7% (43/44) and 95.0% (19/20), showing no significant difference between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in the incidence of premature physeal closure [36.4% (16/44) versus 65.0% (13/20)] ( P=0.033). Conclusions:In the treatment of medial malleolar fractures of Salter-Harris types Ⅲ and Ⅳ in children, internal fixation with both cannulated screws and Kirschner wires can lead to comparable efficacy in good functional recovery and imaging evaluation. However, fixation with cannulated screws may be more advantageous in reducing the risk of early closure of the epiphysis.

The PCR-amplified severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV)Gn-DⅢ-Ⅲ gene was inserted into the pET-30a(+)prokaryotic expression vector to generate the re-combinant plasmid pET-SFTSV-Gn-D Ⅲ-Ⅲ.The plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3)for Gn-DⅢ-m protein expression and the expression conditions were optimized.The Gn-DⅢ-Ⅲ protein purified with Ni-NTA column affinity chromatography was applied as the captured antigen to establish an indirect ELISA method for the detection of SFTSV antibody.The results demonstrated that the recombinant plasmid pET-SFTSV-Gn-D Ⅲ-Ⅲ was successfully constructed as identified by PCR and sequencing.The recombinant protein SFTSV Gn-D m-Ⅲ was soluble ex-pression in E.coli under the optimal induction conditions of 0.4 mmol/L IPTG at 25 ℃ for 4 h,and the protein purity was 91.77％after purification by Ni-NTA column.The optimal reaction con-ditions for the indirect ELISA of SFTSV antibody were as follows:coating antigen concentration(5 μg/mL),primary antibody(incubation at 37 ℃ for 1.5 h),and secondary antibody(diluted 1:10 000 and incubated at 37 ℃ for 1 h).The established method had no cross-reactivity with Rift Valley fever virus(RVFV),Ebola virus(EBOV),and tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)posi-tive sera.The method had a high sensitivity,with P/N＞2.1 for SFTSV-positive sera diluted to 81920.Coefficients of variation for intra-and inter-batch reactions were less than 10％.Detection of four SFTSV-infected human clinical serum samples showed the serum samples from patients in re-mission were tested as positive(P/N＞2.1),while serum samples from patients with multiple or-gan failure were detected as negative(P/N＜2.1).The results indicated that the SFTSV Gn-D Ⅲ-Ⅲ protein was successfully expressed and purified,and it was used as the coating protein to estab-lish an indirect ELISA assay for SFTSV antibody,which possesses good specificity,sensitivity and reproducibility.This method might be applied to detect human SFTSV clinical serum samples.

Objective To enhance CT radiation dose management in radiology department via applying Six Sigma management method.Methods The radiation quality control processes in the radiology department were optimized according to the Six Sigma quality management DMAIC pattern.The volume CT dose index(CTDIvol),dose length product(DLP),radiation quality control problems of adult and pediatric CT scans from January 2022 to February 2022 were collected as baseline data,and data collected from August 2022 to September 2022 were taken as the control group for analysis via Six Sigma management method.All data of the dose values and problem rates were compared and analyzed between before and after Six Sigma management methods.Results The DLP in the adult group was decreased by 65.5％in computed tomography urography(CTU),decreased by 25.5％in neck enhancement,decreased by 9.8％in head,decreased by 24％in facial cranial,and decreased by 27.7％in chest enhancement,with a statistical difference(P＜0.05).While DLP in the adult group was decreased by 9.7％in abdominal enhancement,with no significant difference(P＞0.05).The DLP in the pediatric(＜1 year)group was increased by 35％in head scans,with no significant difference(P＞0.05).While the DLP was decreased by 30.2％in 1 to 5 years group,decreased by 21.8％in 6 to 10 years group,decreased by 27.6％in 11 to 15 years group,with statistical difference(P＜0.05).The DLP of facial cranial was decreased by 43.3％in 6 to 10 years group,decreased by 29.1％in 11 to 15 years group,with statistical difference(P＜0.05).The DLP of chest was decreased by 13％in＜1 year group(P＞0.05),increased by 2.2％in 1 to 5 years group(P＞0.05),decreased by 42.6％in 6 to 10 years group,decreased by 54.2％in 11 to 15 years group(P＜0.05).The incidence of radiological quality control problems of after Six Sigma management was significantly lower than that of before Six Sigma management(P＜0.05).Conclusion Six Sigma management method can identify problems in the clinical practice and enhance the ability of radiation quality control through optimization.

Objective: To analyze the current status of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain in Chinese occupational population, and to study the relationship between work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain and WMSDs. Methods: A total of 66 961 employees from 323 enterprises in 15 key industries in China were selected as the study subjects using stratified cluster sampling method. The incidence of WMSDs in the past year was investigated using the Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and the work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain were investigated using Borg 6-20 Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale and visual analogue scale. The data were standardized using the age composition data of 18 to 60 years from the seventh national population census. Results: The standardized annual incidence of WMSDs was higher in the front-line workers than that in the administrative and other supportive staff (38.82% vs 36.30%). The detection rates of work fatigue and musculoskeletal pain in the study subjects were 44.54% and 63.08%, respectively. The result of S-curve fitting showed that the risk of WMSDs increased with the level of work fatigue (P<0.01). Among the front-line workers, the average of monthly fatigue frequency in the neck, shoulder, lower back, upper back, wrist/hand, foot and ankle, knee, leg, and elbow were higher in the group with WMSDs compared to those without WMSDs (all P<0.01). The pain degree of musculoskeletal pain was higher in all nine sites in the fatigued group than in the no-fatigue group (all P<0.01). The standardized detection rate of musculoskeletal pain was higher in the fatigued group than in the non-fatigued group (80.38% vs 25.71%). The work fatigue was moderate and positively correlated with musculoskeletal pain in all seven sites except the lower back and elbow, with Kendall Tau-b correlation coefficients ranging from 0.423 to 0.546 (all P<0.01). Conclusion: There is a good correlation between work fatigue and local musculoskeletal pain, work fatigue and WMSDs in Chinese occupational population. Implementing ergonomic interventions to control the development of work fatigue can be an effective measure for preventing WMSDs.

Objective:To develope and analyze and optimize the performance of some kinds of environmentally friendly flexible X-ray protective materials in attempt to tackle the various environmental and high energy consumption problems in the development of traditional medical X-ray protective clothing.Methods:The Monte Carlo program was used to establish a simplified model of medical X-ray tube. The aim was to carry out numerical simulation and prediction of the shielding materials′ performance against X-ray, prepare the flexible X-ray shielding materials through experiments and test and verify the their shielding performances The development and optimization path was also obtained by comparing the result between simulation and experiment.Results:Bi was the preferred alternative to toxic Pb elements, while W was able to compensate for weak X-ray absorption zone of Bi. The shielding efficiency of the composite material doped with 25% Bi+ 25% W was able to reach 77.8% and 66.3% at 80 and 120 kV p tube voltages, respectively. Conclusions:With both the selection of elements and the optimization of functional particles, the combination of W and Bi is an economical, environmentally friendly, and efficient shielding way within the energy range of medical diagnostic X-rays. The numerical simulation helps reduce experimental costs, shorten the research period, and improve the design efficiency of X-ray shielding materials.

Background Prolonged awkward postures during occupational activities can lead to excessive musculoskeletal load on the wrist of workers and symptoms such as wrist pain or discomfort. Objective To survey the prevalence of wrist pain among workers in 10 key industries and analyze its correlation with wrist working postures. Methods By using stratified cluster sampling method, workers from 10 key industries, such as footwear manufacturing industry, shipbuilding manufacturing industry, and automobile manufacturing industry, were selected from seven regions in North China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest China, Northwest China, and Northeast China. The demographic information, wrist working postures, pain in wrist of the workers were collected through a cross-sectional survey. Pearson χ² test was used to compare prevalence by selected factors, trend χ² test for between group comparison, and unconditional logistic regression models for the association of wrist working postures with wrist pain. Results There were 64052 workers enrolled in this survey, and 56286 provided valid questionnaires (the effective rate was 87.8%). According to the survey, the prevalence of wrist pain was 23.3% (13112/56286), and the industries with higher prevalences were footwear manufacturing (27.1%, 1927/7106), automobile manufacturing (24.9%, 5378/21560), and shipbuilding and related equipment manufacturing (24.4%, 850/3488) industries. Finger pinching (OR=2.09, 95%CI: 1.95-2.24), frequent wrist bending (OR=2.03, 95%CI: 1.92-2.15), fixed wrist bending (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.69-1.85), wrist on hard edge (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.28-1.40), and arms over shoulders (OR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.05-1.17) increased the risk of reporting wrist pain. Conclusion Awkward postures are related to wrist pain among workers in selected 10 key industries. The related factors are wrist on hard edge, frequent wrist bending, finger pinching, fixed wrist bending, and arms over shoulders.

Objective:To analyze and learn about the dose to the lens of the eye of interventional radiology workers in some hospitals in shaanxi province from 2018 to 2020.Methods:From 2018 to 2020, three tertiary hospitals in shaanxi province were selected to monitor the dose to the lens of the eye of interventional radiology workers for three consecutive years. Monitoring was made for 152 person times, lasting for a monitoring period of 3 months. Analysis and comparison were carried out of dose equivalents to the interventional radiology workers in terms of different sexes, positions and departments, together with associated influencing factors during the three years.Results:The difference in equivalent dose between the three years is statistically significant ( χ2=29.15, P<0.05), and a downward trend in the average annual equivalent dose was found from 2018 to 2020. The number of interventional radiology workers who received doses to the lens of the eye mainly between MDL and 5.0 mSv accounted for 69.08%. The difference in the average annual equivalent dose in different positions and departments was statistically significant ( H=18.44, 22.55, P<0.05). The average annual equivalent dose to doctor was higher than for nurses and technicians ( Z=-3.36, -3.02, P<0.05). The average annual equivalent dose in cardiovascular medicine department was higher than in other departments, with statistically significant difference ( Z=-2.58, -3.76, -3.40, P<0.05). Logistics regression analysis showed that radiation working hours, positions, routine personal doses, workload and exposure time are the factors that affect the average annual equivalent dose. Conclusions:The annual equivalent dose to the lens of the eye of interventional radiology workers in shaanxi province meets the relevant national standards. However, the annual dose to some radiological workers has a normal high value. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the continued monitoring of the dose to the lens of the eye of the interventional radiology workers, and adjust the types of work for the workers based on radiation work hours, position, routine personal dose, workload and exposure time, so as to effectively reduce the dose level of the eye lens.

Objective To understand the basic information on radiological health technical service institutions in Shaanxi Province, China and analyze the main problems, and to strengthen the capacity building of radiological health technical service institutions in Shaanxi Province. Methods The radiological health technical service institutions registered in Shaanxi Province were investigated and analyzed by means of a questionnaire and literature review. Results There were 20 radiological health technical service institutions in Shaanxi Province, including 7 state-owned ones and 13 privately owned ones; of all the institutions, there were 3 disease control institutions, and 15 institutions obtaining the qualification of radiation protection evaluation, radiation health protection testing, and individual dose monitoring at the same time. The total number of radiation workers in the institution was 237, including 48.5% aged less than 35, 68.8% with bachelor degree or above, 54.4% with intermediate professional title or above, 26.5% with a major related to radiation protection, and 79.3% with national and provincial training. The institutions were equipped with 309 testing instruments, of which the radiation diagnostic performance testing equipment accounted for the largest proportion (52.4%). Conclusion The service scope and capacity of radiological health technical service institutions in Shaanxi Province can meet the current needs of the province, but the institutions need to be improved in terms of personnel, equipment, and service quality. The quality control of institutions needs to be strengthened to standardize the service behavior in the whole province.