Objective:To discuss the effect of prostaglandin E2(PGE2),a pyrogenic mediator,on the discharge activity of warm-sensitive neurons(WSNs)in median preoptic nucleus(MnPO)of hypothalamus in the female mice,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:Coronal brain slices of MnPO were prepared from the female mice.The slices were then perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid(ACSF)containing synaptic transmission blockers(STBs).The discharge frequency was monitored using the patch clamp technique while changing the temperature of the perfusate to identify the WSNs.A total of 32 MnPO WSNs were divided into base line group(n=32)and PEG2(n=32).The patch clamp technique was employed to monitor the discharge frequencies of MnPO WSNs following the perfusion of ACSF and 1 μmol·L-1 PGE2,respectively.The MnPO WSNs with good activity and significant change in discharge frequency after PGE2 perfusion were divided into PGE2 receptor E-series prostaglandin receptrol(EP)1 antagonist(EP1 ant)+PGE2 group(n=7),EP3 ant+PGE2 group(n=7),and EP4 ant+PGE2 group(n=7).The patch clamp technique was used to monitor the discharge frequencies of MnPO WSNs following the perfusion of 3 μmol·L-1 EP1 ant and 1 μmol·L-1 PGE2 mixture,10 μmol·L-1 EP3 ant and 1 μmol·L-1 PGE2mixture,and 10 μmol·L-1 EP4 ant and 1 μmol·L-1 PGE2 mixture,respectively.Resluts:After perfuson of the ACSF containing STBs,a total of 188 MnPO neurons from the female mice with an intrinsic temperature sensitivity coefficient(m value)were identified;out of these,32 neurons had an m value of ≥0.8 and were identified as MnPO WSNs,accounting for approximately 17％of all recorded neurons.Compared with baseline discharge frequency,the discharge frequency of MnPO WSNs after addition of PGE2 was decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with PGE2 group,the percentage change in discharge frequency of MnPO WSNs in EP3 ant+PGE2 group was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with PGE2 group,the percentage change in discharge frequency of MnPO WSNs in EP1 ant+PGE2 group had no significant difference(P＞0.05).Compared with PGE2 group,the percentage change in discharge frequency of MnPO WSNs in EP4 ant+PGE2 group had no significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion:In the female mice,WSNs make up approximately 17％of the total neurons in MnPO.PGE2 can directly inhibit the discharge activity of MnPO WSNs in the female mice through postsynaptic mechanism involving EP3 receptors.

Objective:To investigate the expression and correlation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway in patients with endometriosis. Methods Eighty cases of ovarian chocolate cyst wall tissue samples obtained through laparoscopic surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from April 2023 to April 2024 were collected as the ectopic group, and 65 normal endometrial tissue samples from the same period were selected as the control group. The expression of HGF, FGF-2, and PI3K/AKT in both groups was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between the three and the clinical and pathological characteristics of EMs patients was analyzed. The metric data of normal distribution is represented by xˉ± s, and the comparison of means between two groups is conducted using independent sample t-test. The correlation between the two variables was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. Using a multiple Logistic regression model to analyze the influencing factors of recurrence in patients with endometriosis. P<0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference. Results:(1) There was no significant difference in the general data (age, height, body mass, body mass index, cyst size) between the ectopic group and the control group ( t values were 1.81, 0.99, 0.83, 0.95, and 1.90, respectively; P values were 0.072, 0.322, 0.409, 0.345, and 0.059, respectively). (2) HGF, FGF-2 and PI3K were mainly expressed in cytoplasm, among which the positive rates of HGF, FGF-2 and PI3K in ectopic group were 78.75% (63/80), 61.25% (49/80) and 71.25% (57/80), respectively. The positive rates of the control group were 58.46% (38/65), 38.46% (25/65) and 47.69% (31/65), respectively, and there was significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 values were 6.98, 7.45, and 7.44, respectively; P values were 0.008, 0.006, 0.006, respectively ). (3) The expressions of HGF, FGF-2 and PI3K were correlated with the clinical stage of EMs patients ( χ2 values were 6.17, 4.30, and 8.65 , respectively; P values were 0.013, 0.038, and 0.003, respectively). However, there was no correlation with age, BMI, cyst size, reproductive history, menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhea degree or place of residence (all P>0.05); (4) The expression of HGF and FGF-2 in ectopic patients was positively correlated ( r=0.590, P<0.05), HGF was positively correlated with PI3K expression ( r=0.750, P<0.05), FGF-2 was positively correlated with PI3K expression ( r=0.629, P<0.05). (5) Multivariate Logistic analysis of recurrence factors in EMs patients showed that FGF-2 was a protective factor for recurrence in EMs patients ( OR=0.201,95% CI 0.048-0.837, P=0.027). Conclusion:The expression of HGF, FGF-2, and PI3K/AKT pathways is upregulated in patients with endometriosis, which may be related to the occurrence and development of the disease. They are expected to play an important role in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of endometriosis in the future.

Objective : To investigate the effect of Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) on the median preoptic glutamatergic (MnPOVglut2 ) neurons and its mechanism． Methods : Brain slices were prepared from male Vglut2-tdTomato mice．MnPOVglut2 neurons expressing red fluorescent protein were located by using fluorescence microscope．Wholecell patch clamp technique was used to observe the effect of AVP on the firing frequency of MnPOVglut2 neurons，the effect of synaptic transmission blockers ( STBs) on the AVP-induced change in the firing frequency of MnPOVglut2 neurons，and the effect of AVP V1a receptor antagonist on the AVP-induced change in the firing frequency of MnPOVglut2 neurons. Results: The mean firing frequency of MnPOVglut2 neurons increased during perfusion with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) and AVP compared with that during perfusion with ACSF (P＜0. 01) ，indicating that AVP excited the MnPOVglut2 neurons．The mean firing frequency of MnPOVglut2 neurons still increased during perfusion with ACSF，STBs，and AVP compared with that during perfusion with ACSF and STBs (P＜0. 001) ; moreover，the magnitude of AVP-induced increase in firing frequency didn't change significantly during perfusion with ACSF，STBs，and AVP compared with that during perfusion with ACSF and AVP (P ＞0. 05 ) ，suggesting that AVP excited the MnPOVglut2 neurons directly in a postsynaptic manner．The magnitude of AVP-induced increase in the firing frequency of MnPOVglut2 neurons declined during perfusion with ACSF，STBs，AVP，and V1areceptor antagonist compared with that during perfusion with ACSF，STBs，and AVP (P＜0. 01) ，suggesting that AVP excited MnPOVglut2 neurons directly via V1a receptor． Conclusion AVP can excite MnPOVglut2 neurons via V1areceptor directly in a postsynaptic manner．This study reveals the molecular marker of MnPO neurons which AVP act on.

A Survey on the current general practice residency training was carried out in January 2018 among 1 114 general practitioners (GPs) who attended the standardized residency training program during 2014-2017. Basic information was obtained from the management department, other information was obtained from questionnaire. Total 1089 valid questionnaires were received with a retrieval rate of 97.8%. The survey showed that the ratios of male trainees, trainees aged 20-30 years and with bachelor degree were increasing during 2014-2017. The participants were more satisfied with the teaching quality in general hospital bases than that in community practice bases. Participants suggested to improve teaching quality, add teaching contents of humanity courses and TCM knowledge. Only14.4%(157/1 089) participants choose GPs as their career because liked this specialty. And 77.7%(846/1 089) GPs understood the main work of GP. There were 81.4%(887/1 089) participants wanted to work in; 77.7%(846/1 089) participants thought that the prospect of general practice would be excellent or good. Increasing income, professional promotion and a sense of social recognition were their wishes. Standardized residency training is crucial for general practitioners to upgrade their quality and competence, to improve training quality and to develop incentive policies are necessary.