Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

Although social cognitive impairment is commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia, how to effectively assess it and the clinical value of such evaluations warrant further discussion. In 2022, the release of the "European Psychiatric Association guidance on assessment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia" provided guidance for research and clinical practices in this field. This article aims to analyze the necessity, effectiveness, and feasibility of conducting assessments in clinical settings based on the recommended approaches outlined in the guidance, considering the current clinical landscape in China.

Although cognitive impairment is considered a core symptom of schizophrenia and significantly impacts functional outcomes, it is often overlooked in clinical practice. The European Psychiatric Association released “Guideline on Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia” in 2022, providing recommendations for research and clinical practice. This paper interprets the neurocognitive aspects of schizophrenia covered in the guidelines, introduces neurocognitive assessment tools used in China and their application settings, examines the relationship between subjective and objective assessments of cognitive impairment, and briefly discusses the connections between neurocognition and positive and negative symptoms. The paper also considers the future development of neurocognitive assessment tools in China.

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia emerges early and persists, is a core symptom that severely affects social functioning. In 2022, the European Psychiatric Association published the " European Psychiatric Association guidance on assessment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia", presenting the latest evidence and systematic review results. The guidance recommends comprehensive and detailed cognitive assessments for all individuals with schizophrenia, emphasizing the phase of early intervention. In conjunction with the recommendations of the guidance and the current state of research both domestically and internationally, this article provides an overview of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, including definition, impact, selection of assessment tools, and limitations of cognitive assessments. It also connects with clinical practice in China, outlining the development and shortcomings of cognitive assessments for schizophrenia. It is suggested that a clinically simple questionnaire suitable for the Chinese population is needed to help physicians quickly identify cognitive impairment.

Cognitive impairment is one of the core features of schizophrenia and severely affects the prognosis of the disorder. Improving cognitive impairment is of great significance for alleviating symptoms, preventing relapses, enhancing the quality of life, and reducing the social burden in patients with schizophrenia. Based on the "Guidelines for the Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia" published by the European Psychiatric Association in 2022, the article focuses on the intervention and management of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients following a systematic assessment, while also considering the specific context of practice in China. This paper reviews recent progress in cognitive impairment interventions for schizophrenia, providing clinical guidance across three key aspects: pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and psychotherapy. Other interventions are also discussed. Additionally, it addresses the existing challenges and unresolved issues, aiming to provide a basis for decision-making in the current treatment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

Although social cognitive impairment is commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia, how to effectively assess it and the clinical value of such evaluations warrant further discussion. In 2022, the release of the "European Psychiatric Association guidance on assessment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia" provided guidance for research and clinical practices in this field. This article aims to analyze the necessity, effectiveness, and feasibility of conducting assessments in clinical settings based on the recommended approaches outlined in the guidance, considering the current clinical landscape in China.

Although cognitive impairment is considered a core symptom of schizophrenia and significantly impacts functional outcomes, it is often overlooked in clinical practice. The European Psychiatric Association released “Guideline on Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia” in 2022, providing recommendations for research and clinical practice. This paper interprets the neurocognitive aspects of schizophrenia covered in the guidelines, introduces neurocognitive assessment tools used in China and their application settings, examines the relationship between subjective and objective assessments of cognitive impairment, and briefly discusses the connections between neurocognition and positive and negative symptoms. The paper also considers the future development of neurocognitive assessment tools in China.

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia emerges early and persists, is a core symptom that severely affects social functioning. In 2022, the European Psychiatric Association published the " European Psychiatric Association guidance on assessment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia", presenting the latest evidence and systematic review results. The guidance recommends comprehensive and detailed cognitive assessments for all individuals with schizophrenia, emphasizing the phase of early intervention. In conjunction with the recommendations of the guidance and the current state of research both domestically and internationally, this article provides an overview of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, including definition, impact, selection of assessment tools, and limitations of cognitive assessments. It also connects with clinical practice in China, outlining the development and shortcomings of cognitive assessments for schizophrenia. It is suggested that a clinically simple questionnaire suitable for the Chinese population is needed to help physicians quickly identify cognitive impairment.

Cognitive impairment is one of the core features of schizophrenia and severely affects the prognosis of the disorder. Improving cognitive impairment is of great significance for alleviating symptoms, preventing relapses, enhancing the quality of life, and reducing the social burden in patients with schizophrenia. Based on the "Guidelines for the Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia" published by the European Psychiatric Association in 2022, the article focuses on the intervention and management of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients following a systematic assessment, while also considering the specific context of practice in China. This paper reviews recent progress in cognitive impairment interventions for schizophrenia, providing clinical guidance across three key aspects: pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and psychotherapy. Other interventions are also discussed. Additionally, it addresses the existing challenges and unresolved issues, aiming to provide a basis for decision-making in the current treatment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine inflammatory mixture on vascular endothelial cell injury, mcrocirculation disorder and organ dysfunction in sepsis. Methods 73 patients with sepsis were randomly divided into two groups: Anti-inflammatory mixture-treated group (40 cases) and control group (33 cases). Routine medicine therapy was given in both groups.Additionally, in the Anti-inflammatory mixture-treated group, 100 ml Anti-inflammatory mixture was given By oral or nasal feeding, every 12 hours for consecutive 7 days. Vascular endothelial injury index (Soluble thrombomodulin,Vascular endothelial growth factor-2, endothelial specific molecule-1), mcrocirculation disorder index (arterial blood lactate, central venous oxygen saturation, total vessel density, perfused vessel density, proportion of perfused vessels, microcirculatory flow index) of two group patients before and after therapy were observed and the sequential organ failure score (SOFA) was recorded before and after treatment. Results After treatment, the indexes of vascular endothelial injury sTM (12.37 ± 5.08 μg/L vs. 18.77 ± 6.88 μg/L, t=3.448), VEGF-2 [45.6 ng/L (14.3, 112.5) vs. 52.4 ng/L (17.2, 123.6), Z=4.009], ESM-1 (15.54 ± 4.09 ng/ml vs. 17.64 ± 6.79 ng/ml, t=-1.551), Lac (2.6 ± 1.2 mmol/L vs. 3.7 ± 1.8 mmol/L, t=4.115) and SOFA (4.1 ± 1.7 vs. 6.1 ± 3.2, t=-2.118) in anti-inflammatory mixture group decreased significantly than those in the control group. but the ScvO2(0.719 ± 0.243 vs. 0.603 ± 0.201, t=-2.773), PVD (14.8 ± 5.8 mm/mm2 vs. 13.1±5.1 mm/mm2, t=-5.114), PPV (59.1% ± 22.5% vs. 53.9% ± 20.6%, t=1.779), MFI (9.4 ± 4.6 vs. 7.2 ± 2.2, t=4.339) in the anti-inflammatory mixture group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Correlation analysis showed that the sTM and PPV were significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.875, P＜0.01), ESM-1 was significantly negatively correlated with PVD, PPV and MFI (r=-0.877, P＜0.01; r=-0.799, P＜0.01; r=-0.821, P＜0.01) and ESM-1 and SOFA were significantly positively correlated (r=0.840, P＜0.01). Conclusions Anti-inflammatory mixture of Chinese medicine has a certain therapeutic effect on sepsis by protecting vascular endothelial cell function.