ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of salidroside （SAL） on the impaired bioactivity of endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs） in atherosclerotic （As） mice and the potential mechanisms regarding AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）. MethodsAtherosclerosis was induced in 8-week-old male ApoE^-/- mice with high-fat diet. Intragastric administration of SAL was given to one mice group to investigate the effects of SAL on aortic plaque burden， plasma NO level， the migration and angiogenic capabilities of bone marrow-derived EPCs （BM-EPCs）. The proliferation， migration and vasculogenic properties of EPCs isolated from As mice were investigated in vitro. AMPK-sh-RNA or the AMPK inhibitor Compound C was used to investigate the role of AMPK/Akt/eNOS pathway in the regulatory effects of SAL. ResultsCompared with As group， NO level was significantly elevated in SAL group. The sizes of atherosclerotic plaques at the aortic root were reduced with smaller lipid cores in SAL group compared with As group. Moreover， the migration and angiogenesis capacity of EPCs markedly decreased in As mice， while SAL treatment reversed these impairments. Incubation with SAL at concentrations of 20， 40， and 80 μmol/L for 48 hours significantly promoted the proliferation， migration， and angiogenesis of EPCs. AMPK-sh-RNA transfection abrogated the 20 μmol/L SAL improvement in EPC biological activities. Western blot analysis further demonstrated that treatment with Compound C blocked the activation of AMPK/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway induced by SAL. ConclusionSAL upregulates the biological functions of EPCs through activating the AMPK/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway， thereby ameliorating EPC dysfunction during the pathological progression of atherosclerosis.

Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

Objective To explore the role of the brief visuospatial memory test-revised(BVMT-R)in predicting the clinical conversion to psychosis in subjects with clinical high-risk for psychosis(CHR-P).Methods A total of 217 CHR subjects were recruited and assessed using BVMT-R at baseline.Participants were followed up for three years to determine whether they converted to psychosis.The relationship between BVMT-R total score and CHR-P conversion probability was analyzed using generalized additive model,and the cutoff values of BVMT-R total score for predicting CHR-P conversion were calculated by maximally selected rank statistics.Then,the total BVMT-R score was stratified into different intervals based on the cutoff values obtained as previously described.Finally,the positive likelihood ratios and the conversion rates at different time points were calculated for each interval.Results A total of 168 subjects with CHR-P completed the 3-year follow-up assessment.According to the results of the generalized additive model,the relationship between the BVMT-R total score and CHR-P conversion probability exhibited the characteristics of a piecewise function model.The cutoff values identified using the maximally selected rank statistics method were 18 and 29,which divided the BVMT-R total scores into three intervals:0-18,19-29,and 30-36.The positive likelihood ratios of the three intervals for predicting CHR-P psychosis conversion were significantly different(all P<0.01).All three intervals had significantly different rates of psychosis conversion at different follow-up time points(all P<0.01).Conclusion The total BVMT-R score can be divided into three intervals,each associated with a distinct positive likelihood ratio for predicting psychosis conversion in CHR-P individuals.Accordingly,the BVMT-R total score may serve as a preliminary indicator for estimating the probability of psychosis conversion in the CHR-P population.

Objective To construct an MRI radiomics model of cerebral damage following carbon monoxide(CO)poisoning.Methods Ninety patients with CO poisoning and 70 healthy controls(HC)were scanned by structural MRI.All patients were randomly divided into training set(n=128)and test set in a ratio of 8∶2.The radiomics features of 9 regions of interest(ROI)were automatically extracted,and each ROI was subjected to 5-fold cross-validation and 9 different types of classifiers to construct a diagnostic model.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and clinical value of the model.Results The model based on the radiomics features of the whole brain gray matter(GM)and the left globus pallidus(LGP)had better diagnostic efficacy and clinical application value.The area under the curve(AUC)in the training set and the test set were 0.813,0.815 and 0.806,0.806,respectively.Conclusion The GM-based radiomics model can effectively diagnose cerebral damage following CO poisoning.

Objective To explore the role of the brief visuospatial memory test-revised(BVMT-R)in predicting the clinical conversion to psychosis in subjects with clinical high-risk for psychosis(CHR-P).Methods A total of 217 CHR subjects were recruited and assessed using BVMT-R at baseline.Participants were followed up for three years to determine whether they converted to psychosis.The relationship between BVMT-R total score and CHR-P conversion probability was analyzed using generalized additive model,and the cutoff values of BVMT-R total score for predicting CHR-P conversion were calculated by maximally selected rank statistics.Then,the total BVMT-R score was stratified into different intervals based on the cutoff values obtained as previously described.Finally,the positive likelihood ratios and the conversion rates at different time points were calculated for each interval.Results A total of 168 subjects with CHR-P completed the 3-year follow-up assessment.According to the results of the generalized additive model,the relationship between the BVMT-R total score and CHR-P conversion probability exhibited the characteristics of a piecewise function model.The cutoff values identified using the maximally selected rank statistics method were 18 and 29,which divided the BVMT-R total scores into three intervals:0-18,19-29,and 30-36.The positive likelihood ratios of the three intervals for predicting CHR-P psychosis conversion were significantly different(all P<0.01).All three intervals had significantly different rates of psychosis conversion at different follow-up time points(all P<0.01).Conclusion The total BVMT-R score can be divided into three intervals,each associated with a distinct positive likelihood ratio for predicting psychosis conversion in CHR-P individuals.Accordingly,the BVMT-R total score may serve as a preliminary indicator for estimating the probability of psychosis conversion in the CHR-P population.

Objective To construct an MRI radiomics model of cerebral damage following carbon monoxide(CO)poisoning.Methods Ninety patients with CO poisoning and 70 healthy controls(HC)were scanned by structural MRI.All patients were randomly divided into training set(n=128)and test set in a ratio of 8∶2.The radiomics features of 9 regions of interest(ROI)were automatically extracted,and each ROI was subjected to 5-fold cross-validation and 9 different types of classifiers to construct a diagnostic model.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and clinical value of the model.Results The model based on the radiomics features of the whole brain gray matter(GM)and the left globus pallidus(LGP)had better diagnostic efficacy and clinical application value.The area under the curve(AUC)in the training set and the test set were 0.813,0.815 and 0.806,0.806,respectively.Conclusion The GM-based radiomics model can effectively diagnose cerebral damage following CO poisoning.

The theory of"five viscera correlation"summarizes the long-term clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine,ex-plains the physiological and pathological phenomena of the human body from a multi-dimensional perspective of system correlation,and guides the diagnosis and prevention of diseases.Syndrome differentiation and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children should be based on the theory of"five viscera correlation"combined with the physiological characteristics of deficiency and excess of the five viscera of children;make it clear that the location of the disease is inseparable from the nasal orifice and the pathogenesis is inseparable from the five viscera;in terms of syndrome differentiation and treatment,the viscera should be regulated and the orifice should be regulated via the viscera;on the basis of identifying the cause and examining the pathogenesis,attention should be paid to regulating the lungs and spleen,tonifying the kidneys,clearing the heart,and soothing the liver,so as to restore the harmony of the viscera and the unobstruct-ed nasal orifice.

Given the intimate connection between the visual system and the central nervous system, the study of eyes holds paramount importance in the investigation of psychiatric disorders. Some eye movement features, such as restricted visual scanning, declines in responsive search score (RSS), elevated error rates in antisaccades, spatial-temporal anomalies in microsaccades and an integrated eye movement score are considered as potential biomarkers of schizophrenia. Meanwhile, alterations in retinal vascular morphology, thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, abnormal electroretinography (ERG), and morphological variations in the cornea and iris also hold indicative significance for the detection of schizophrenia. This review discussed several methods of visual system assessment in clinical practice, aiming to provide insights into visual systems as biomarkers for mental illnesses.

Given the intimate connection between the visual system and the central nervous system, the study of eyes holds paramount importance in the investigation of psychiatric disorders. Some eye movement features, such as restricted visual scanning, declines in responsive search score (RSS), elevated error rates in antisaccades, spatial-temporal anomalies in microsaccades and an integrated eye movement score are considered as potential biomarkers of schizophrenia. Meanwhile, alterations in retinal vascular morphology, thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, abnormal electroretinography (ERG), and morphological variations in the cornea and iris also hold indicative significance for the detection of schizophrenia. This review discussed several methods of visual system assessment in clinical practice, aiming to provide insights into visual systems as biomarkers for mental illnesses.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of stratified teaching in improving the efficiency and quality of clinical teaching in the standardized training of residents in the department of prosthodontics.Methods:We enrolled a total of 297 participants who accomplished the standardized residency training in the Department of Prosthodontics of the Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2020 to May 2023. They were divided into stratified group (141 trainees from September 2021 to May 2023) and control group (156 trainees from January 2020 to August 2021). The stratified group received stratified teaching at three levels according to the trainees' major, training stage, and identity category, and the teaching theme and teaching method were set according to teaching objectives. The control group used a traditional teaching mode. The two groups were compared in terms of medical history taking, oral examination, case analysis, skill practice, and case report scores. SPSSAU was used to perform the t test and chi-squared test for data analysis. Results:The stratified group showed better performance in the final assessment: the case analysis score of the first-level trainees was significantly higher than that of the control group (85.72±4.14 vs. 83.00±6.38, P=0.003); the second-level trainees had a higher medical history taking score than the control group (88.20±7.14 vs. 85.38±5.63); the proportions of trainees rated as excellent in case report in the stratified group (the first level, 54.02%; the second level, 52.63%; the third level, 75.00%) were higher than those in the control group (the first level, 42.65%; the second level, 45.33%; the third level, 46.15%). Conclusions:In standardized residency training, the stratified teaching method can effectively improve trainees' case analysis, medical history taking, and case report abilities, and the effects in improving the skill practice level of trainees majoring in prosthodontics need to be further explored.