Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

The theory of"five viscera correlation"summarizes the long-term clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine,ex-plains the physiological and pathological phenomena of the human body from a multi-dimensional perspective of system correlation,and guides the diagnosis and prevention of diseases.Syndrome differentiation and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children should be based on the theory of"five viscera correlation"combined with the physiological characteristics of deficiency and excess of the five viscera of children;make it clear that the location of the disease is inseparable from the nasal orifice and the pathogenesis is inseparable from the five viscera;in terms of syndrome differentiation and treatment,the viscera should be regulated and the orifice should be regulated via the viscera;on the basis of identifying the cause and examining the pathogenesis,attention should be paid to regulating the lungs and spleen,tonifying the kidneys,clearing the heart,and soothing the liver,so as to restore the harmony of the viscera and the unobstruct-ed nasal orifice.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Jiangshabanxia nano-paste on nausea and vomiting in end-stage patients and its effect on the quality-of-life (QOL) in cancer patients. Methods 120 end-stage patients with nausea and vomiting symptoms above grade III were randomly divided into observation group and control group. They were treated with Jiangshabanxia nano-paste and placebo paste respectively. The paste patch was changed every 24 hours and used continuously for 7 days. The nausea and vomiting symptom score, the quality-of-life measurement score and KPS score of cancer patients in the two groups were observed to evaluate the curative effect. Results After 7 days of treatment, the symptom scores of nausea and vomiting in the observation group decreased significantly, the KPS score of the observation group increased, and the effective rate was higher than that in the control group. The score of QOL measurement showed that after treatment, the score of main symptom areas and other symptom areas (except external dyspnea, diarrhea and economic difficulties) in the observation group decreased, and the score of overall health area increased. After treatment, the score of main symptom areas and other symptom areas (except external dyspnea, diarrhea and economic difficulties) in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the scores of overall health area in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. Conclusion Jiangshabanxia nano-paste has a good clinical efficacy nausea and vomiting in end-stage patients, it also can improve the quality of life end-stage cancer patients.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of stratified teaching in improving the efficiency and quality of clinical teaching in the standardized training of residents in the department of prosthodontics.Methods:We enrolled a total of 297 participants who accomplished the standardized residency training in the Department of Prosthodontics of the Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2020 to May 2023. They were divided into stratified group (141 trainees from September 2021 to May 2023) and control group (156 trainees from January 2020 to August 2021). The stratified group received stratified teaching at three levels according to the trainees' major, training stage, and identity category, and the teaching theme and teaching method were set according to teaching objectives. The control group used a traditional teaching mode. The two groups were compared in terms of medical history taking, oral examination, case analysis, skill practice, and case report scores. SPSSAU was used to perform the t test and chi-squared test for data analysis. Results:The stratified group showed better performance in the final assessment: the case analysis score of the first-level trainees was significantly higher than that of the control group (85.72±4.14 vs. 83.00±6.38, P=0.003); the second-level trainees had a higher medical history taking score than the control group (88.20±7.14 vs. 85.38±5.63); the proportions of trainees rated as excellent in case report in the stratified group (the first level, 54.02%; the second level, 52.63%; the third level, 75.00%) were higher than those in the control group (the first level, 42.65%; the second level, 45.33%; the third level, 46.15%). Conclusions:In standardized residency training, the stratified teaching method can effectively improve trainees' case analysis, medical history taking, and case report abilities, and the effects in improving the skill practice level of trainees majoring in prosthodontics need to be further explored.

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of the M receptor antagonist Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with runny nose as the main symptom. Methods:From August 2021 to September 2021, 134 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were enrolled in the otolaryngology Outpatient Department of Peking University Third Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and China-Japanese Friendship Hospital of Jilin University, including 71 males and 63 females, with a median age of 38 years. TNSS score and visual analogue scale（VAS） of total nasal symptoms were observed during 2 weeks of treatment with Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray. Results:TNSS score decreased from （8.89±3.31） on day 0 to （3.71±2.51） on day 14（P<0.001）, VAS score of nasal symptoms decreased from （24.86±7.40） on day 0 to （6.84±5.94） on day 14（P<0.001）, VAS score of rhinorrhoea decreased from （6.88±2.06） on day 0 to （1.91±1.81） on day 14（P<0.001）. Rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire（RQLQ） score decreased from （94.63±33.35） on day 0 to （44.95±32.28） on day 14（P<0.001）. The incidence of adverse reaction was low and no serious adverse events occurred during the whole experiment. Conclusion:Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray has significant efficacy and good safety in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy* ; Nasal Sprays ; Quality of Life ; Administration, Intranasal ; Rhinorrhea ; Double-Blind Method ; Treatment Outcome ; Rhinitis, Allergic/drug therapy*

Objective:To study the effect of eye-open/closed state on 40 Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia.Methods:Thirty-eight first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients treated in Shanghai Mental Health Center from March 2010 to October 2011 were selected, and 31 healthy controls were recruited in the same period. All subjects were assessed with schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ). The 40 Hz EEG ASSR signals lasting for 3 min under open and closed eyes of all subjects were sequentially collected.Event-related spectrum perturbation (ERSP) and intertribal phase coherence (ITC) were used to evaluate ASSR. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare ITC and ERSP between the two groups under open and closed eyes. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between each measurement.Results:ITC in group main effect and group×the eye open/closed interaction effect were not significant (both P>0.05), but the main effect of eye-open and eye-closed was significant ( F(1, 67)=10.61, P=0.002). In the healthy control group, the ITC in eye-open state was significantly higher than that in eye-closed state ( P=0.014), and in the first-degree relatives group, the ITC in eye-open state was higher than that in eyes closed state ( P=0.039). ERSP in the main effect of eye-open and eye-closed ( F(1, 67)=0.195, P=0.660), group main effect ( F(1, 67) =0.627, P=0.431), group × the eye-open/closed interaction effect ( F(1, 67)= 1.034, P=0.313) was not significant. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between ERSP (eye open: r=-0.260, P=0.210; eye closed: r=-0.318, P=0.122), ITC (eye open: r=-0.248, P=0.232; eye closed: r=-0.260, P=0.209) and SPQ score in the healthy control group. There was also no correlation between ERSP (eye open: r=-0.387, P=0.226; eye closed: r=-0.363, P=0.238) or ITC (eye open: r=0.126, P=0.485; eye closed: r=0.096, P=0.595) and SPQ score in the first-degree relatives group of schizophrenia. Conclusion:The regulation pattern of 40 Hz ASSR in schizophrenic first-degree relatives is not significantly impaired in the eye-open/closed state, suggesting that the open/closed regulation pattern of 40 Hz ASSR may not be a potential marker for predicting the genetic high-risk prognosis of schizophrenia.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of ixazomib/lenalidomide/dexamethasone (IRd) in Chinese patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) .Methods:This study comprising 14 medical centers in China included patients with relapsed/refractory MM who received at least. Ixazomib at an initial oral dose of 4 mg was administered. Seven patients had dose adjustment to 3 mg at the time of first dose. The lenalidomide doses were adjusted according to creatinine clearance rate. The efficacy and safety were evaluated every cycle.Results:In the study cohort of 74 patients, the median age was 65 years and 11 (14.9% ) patients received over three lines of therapy. Overall response rate (ORR) was 54.1% (40/74) , and 7 (9.5% ) , 14 (18.9% ) , and 19 (25.7% ) patients achieved stringent complete response or complete response, very good partial response, and partial response, respectively. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 9.9 and 20 months, respectively. The median time to response was 1 month. The efficacy and survival outcome were similar to those reported in the Tourmaline-MM1 China Continuous Study. The ORR of patients refractory to bortezomib, lenalidomide, and bortezomib plus lenalidomide were 52.0% (13/25) , 57.1% (4/7) , and 33.3% (6/18) , respectively. The rate of grade 3-4 adverse events was 36.5% (27/74) . Common hematological toxicities were anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and neutropenia. Common non-hematological toxicities were fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, and infections. Two cases of grade 3 peripheral neuropathy were reported. The patients eligible for the Tourmaline-MM1 China Continuous Study had a higher ORR than the ineligible patients [77.8% (14/18) vs 46.4% (26/56) , P=0.020]. There was no difference in the rate of grade 3-4 adverse events [33.3% (6/18) vs 37.5% (21/56) , P=0.749]. Conclusion:The IRd regimen had good efficacy and acceptable toxicity in Chinese patients with relapsed/refractory MM.

Objective:To explore the eye movement characteristics of social cognitive processing in schizophrenia patients across different stages and its association with clinical symptoms.Methods:Fifteen patients with first-episode schizophrenia, forty-six patients with chronic inpatient schizophrenia, thirty-six patients with psychiatric clinical high-risk syndrome, and twenty-six healthy controls were recorded using eye tracking technology when viewing social interaction pictures. Covariance analysis and partial correlation analysis were conducted by SPSS17.0.Results:When watching the pictures of person communication, there were statistically significant differences in the average fixation duration of the four groups of subjects ((294.6±36.7)ms in control group, (280.0±54.0)ms in clinical high-risk group, (268.5±34.9)ms in first-episode group, and (315.7±75.7) ms in chronic group, respectively, F=3.18, P=0.027). When viewing the pictures of no person landscape, the average saccade amplitude of the four groups of subjects was significantly different (5.3±1.1) ° in control group, (4.7±1.1) ° in clinical high-risk group, (5.2±1.0) ° in first-episode group, and (4.4±1.2) ° in chronic group, respectively, F=3.37, P=0.021). The average fixation duration of chronic patients when observing person communication pictures was positively correlated with the total score of PANSS (partial correlation coefficient=0.313, P=0.039). The average fixation duration of chronic patients when observing the other two types of pictures were also positively correlated with the total score of PANSS (partial correlation coefficient=0.320, P=0.034, no person communication pictures; partial correlation coefficient=0.372, P=0.013, no person landscape pictures) . The average fixation duration of chronic patients when observing pictures of no person landscape was positively correlated with the PANSS positive symptom score (partial correlation coefficient=0.321, P=0.034). The average fixation duration of chronic patients when observing any type of picture was positively correlated with the PANSS general symptom score (person communication pictures: partial correlation coefficient=0.385, P=0.010; no person communication pictures: partial correlation coefficient=0.409, P=0.006; no person landscape pictures: partial correlation coefficient=0.465, P=0.001). In the first-episode patient, the average saccade amplitude when observing no person communication pictures was positively correlated with the PANSS positive symptom score (partial correlation coefficient=0.555, P=0.049). In the clinical high-risk group, the average saccade amplitude when observing person communication pictures was negatively correlated with the SOPS positive symptom score (partial correlation coefficient=-0.373, P=0.030). Conclusion:There are statistically significant differences of eye movement characteristics of social cognitive processing in patients with schizophrenia across different clinical stages.The average saccade amplitude is more sensitive than the average fixation duration in predicting the severity of symptoms in clinical high-risk patients.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of immunoglobulin (Ig)G isotype rheumatoid factors (IgG-RF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods Five hundred patients with RA were enrolled randomly.IgG-RF antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The correlations between serum IgG-RF antibody and clinical features,disease activities,laboratory of RA patients were evaluated.The comparison of continuous variables was performed by using the Student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test in accordance with normality testing.Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables.A value of P less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results ① IgG-RF was positive in 41.0％ (205/500) of RA patients.In patients with anti-citrullinated protein/peptide autoanti-bodies (ACPA) negative,RF negative or the seronegative patients (both ACPA and RF were negative),the positive rate of IgG-RF was 22.4％(24/107),13.2％(17/129) and 9.1％(5/55),respectively.② Compared with patients with negative IgG-RF,patients with positive IgG-RF had higher rates of joint deformity [(58.5％(120/205) vs 39.3％(116/295),x2=17.918] and bone erosion [(75.6％(118/156) vs 60.3％(140/232),x2=9.796] (P＜0.01,respectively).③ The patients with positive IgG-RF had higher rates of elevated ESR(86.3％ vs 67.8％,x2=22.426),IgG(29.9％ vs 20.0％,x2=6.310),compared to patients with negative IgG-RF (P＜0.05,respectively),and levels of ESR [(59±35) mm/1 h vs (47±32) mm/1 h,t=3.989] and CRP [(390±450) mg/L vs (290±340) mg/L,t=3.004] was higher in IgG-RF positive group than the negative (P＜0.01,respectivelys).④ Compared with the IgG-RF negative patients,the positive group had higher smoking rates (22.9％ vs 12.5％,x2=9.227),higher current smoking rates (16.6％ vs 7.1％,x2=11.119) and higher smoking index [(107±238) vs (49±161),t=3.199](P＜0.05,respectively).Conclusion IgG-RF had its clinical values in RA diagnosis.IgG-RF is significantly associated with joint deformity,bone erosions and smoking.

A nuclear accident likely leads to the leakage of radiocesium to a large degree,which could poses threatens to the environment and human heahh.Hence,it is very important to remove radiocesium ion from the environment and human body in the aftermath of a nuclear accident.In this review,the new progress of radiocesium ion removal in a nuclear emergency is discussed.The main technique to reduce soil pollution is to remove and purify topsoil.The methods of purification include leaching method,electrokinetic process and soil immobilization.The technique to remove radiocesium from water is mainly via adsorption.Common adsorbents include crown ether,calix ether,ammonium molybdophosphate and Prussian blue.Radiocesium removal from human body is mainly via oral administration of Prussian blue at fractioned doses in a timely manner but spents a relatively long response time,possibly accompanied with some severe side effects,like hypopotassemia and physical damage of digestive tract.Therefore,new techniques are still in need of development to remove radiocesium ion from human body more effectively.