Objective In this study,the potential profile characteristics of exercise self-efficacy of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)were explored,and the influencing factors of different types of patients were an-alyzed,so as to provide a reference for nurses to formulate standardized management measures.Methods From June 2023 to May 2024,a total of 342 hospitalized patients with IBD in tertiary A hospital in Wuxi were recruited as research subjects by a convenience sampling method.The General Information Questionnaire,Exercise Self-effica-cy Scale,Exercise Behavioral Stage Distribution Scale and the Social Support Rating Scale were used for investiga-tion.The latent profile analysis was conducted to classify exercise self-efficacy levels,while multiple Logistic regres-sion analysis was utilized to evaluate the influencing factors.Results A total of 320 valid questionnaires were col-lected,and the effective questionnaire recovery rate was 93.57％.The total score of exercise self-efficacy for IBD pa-tients was(64.61±14.83)points.The exercise self-efficacy was classified into 3 latent categories:low efficacy-somatic emotion group(n=64,20.00％),medium efficacy-work conflict group(n=158,49.38％),and high efficacy-social interfer-ence group(n=98,30.62％).Occupation,recurrence times,comorbid chronic diseases,self-assessed economic pressure,and social support level were found to be influencing factors of the latent profile classification of exercise self-effi-cacy in IBD patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The levels of exercise self-efficacy of patients with IBD are significant-ly heterogeneous,and there are several important influencing factors.Nursing staff should formulate targeted inter-vention strategies based on the characteristics of exercise self-efficacy in such patients,so as to improve patients' exercise self-efficacy and the effectiveness of disease rehabilitation.

During hospitalization in the ICU, rehabilitation exercises were recognized as a crucial method for enhancing patients′ quality of life, and the volume of exercise was shown to significantly influence the effectiveness of rehabilitation for ICU patients. This article reviews the definition of exercise volume in the context of ICU patient rehabilitation, the current status of reporting, its correlation with patient outcomes, and the available measurement tools. The aim is to provide a foundational reference for quantitative research on exercise rehabilitation in ICUs within our country.

During hospitalization in the ICU, rehabilitation exercises were recognized as a crucial method for enhancing patients′ quality of life, and the volume of exercise was shown to significantly influence the effectiveness of rehabilitation for ICU patients. This article reviews the definition of exercise volume in the context of ICU patient rehabilitation, the current status of reporting, its correlation with patient outcomes, and the available measurement tools. The aim is to provide a foundational reference for quantitative research on exercise rehabilitation in ICUs within our country.

Objective In this study,the potential profile characteristics of exercise self-efficacy of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)were explored,and the influencing factors of different types of patients were an-alyzed,so as to provide a reference for nurses to formulate standardized management measures.Methods From June 2023 to May 2024,a total of 342 hospitalized patients with IBD in tertiary A hospital in Wuxi were recruited as research subjects by a convenience sampling method.The General Information Questionnaire,Exercise Self-effica-cy Scale,Exercise Behavioral Stage Distribution Scale and the Social Support Rating Scale were used for investiga-tion.The latent profile analysis was conducted to classify exercise self-efficacy levels,while multiple Logistic regres-sion analysis was utilized to evaluate the influencing factors.Results A total of 320 valid questionnaires were col-lected,and the effective questionnaire recovery rate was 93.57％.The total score of exercise self-efficacy for IBD pa-tients was(64.61±14.83)points.The exercise self-efficacy was classified into 3 latent categories:low efficacy-somatic emotion group(n=64,20.00％),medium efficacy-work conflict group(n=158,49.38％),and high efficacy-social interfer-ence group(n=98,30.62％).Occupation,recurrence times,comorbid chronic diseases,self-assessed economic pressure,and social support level were found to be influencing factors of the latent profile classification of exercise self-effi-cacy in IBD patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The levels of exercise self-efficacy of patients with IBD are significant-ly heterogeneous,and there are several important influencing factors.Nursing staff should formulate targeted inter-vention strategies based on the characteristics of exercise self-efficacy in such patients,so as to improve patients' exercise self-efficacy and the effectiveness of disease rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the effects of long-term occupational exposure to high-frequency noise in specific frequency bands on auditory function of the inner ear,and to evaluate the mechanisms of auditory threshold damages due to high-frequency noise exposure utilizing bone conduction audiometry and acoustic physical models.Methods The study subjects included factory workers and airport ground staff working in high-noise environments for a long period.Two groups(an exposure group and a control group)were established,and the exposure group was further divided into 3 subgroups according to exposure duration:5-9 years,10-14 years,and over 15 years.Bone conduction audiometry was used to assess auditory threshold changes in different frequency bands(4,6,8 kHz),while a sound level meter was employed to record noise exposure intensity.The impact of noise on the cochlea was simulated using an acoustic physical model.Multivariable regression analysis,controlling for confounding factors such as age and gender,was used to further analyze the independent effects of exposure duration and intensity on auditory damage.Results The auditory thresholds of exposure group were significantly higher than those of control group in the high-frequency bands,particularly in 8 kHz frequency band(P＜0.001).With increasing exposure duration,auditory damage in exposure group progressively worsened,and the most significant auditory threshold changes was found in the group exposed for over 15 years.The predictions made by the acoustic physical model closely matched the actual measurements,and the high model fitting degree(R2:0.85-0.90)in the long-term exposure group indicated a strong predictive capability for the cumulative effects of cochlear damage.Conclusion Long-term exposure to high-frequency noise in specific frequency bands results in significant cumulative damage to auditory function of the inner ear.Exposure duration and intensity are the primary independent risk factors.

Objective:To preliminarily compare the effectiveness of different end-effectors on upper limb motor function im-provement in chronic stroke patients undergoing motor imagery-based brain-computer interface(BCI) rehabilitation. Method:Thirty-two chronic stroke patients who received motor imagery-based BCI rehabilitation were includ-ed. Based on the BCI training received,patients were divided into two groups:BCI combined with virtual re-ality feedback and BCI combined with wrist joint robot feedback. Assessment of upper limb motor function (upper limb Fugl-Meyer assessment),active range of motion of the paralyzed wrist,surface electromyography reflecting active contraction of wrist extensor muscles,and motor-evoked potentials (MEP) were conducted be-fore and after intervention. Thus,to compare the impact of virtual reality feedback and wrist joint robot feed-back on upper limb motor function recovery in chronic stroke patients.Result:Prior to intervention,baseline results were comparable between the two groups(P=0.160). After inter-vention,significant improvements in upper limb motor function were observed in both groups (P<0.001). The wrist joint robot feedback group showed a trend significant improvement in Fugl-Meyer scores and the changes in Fugl-Meyer scores compared to the virtual reality feedback group (P=0.06). Regarding active range of mo-tion of the paralyzed wrist,both groups initially lacked active flexion-extension movements,and after interven-tion,the improvement was 33.13°±24.96° in the wrist joint robot group and 27.81°±37.17° in the virtual reali-ty group,with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.638). In the assessment of surface elec-tromyography for wrist extensor muscle group on the paralyzed side,both groups showed significant improve-ment in average amplitude and area under the curve after intervention (P<0.001),with the wrist joint robot group demonstrating a more significant improvement in average amplitude(P<0.001),while area under curve showed a trend of improvement. In the MEP evaluation,the elicitation rate after intervention was 56.25％ in the wrist joint robot group and 18.75％ in the virtual reality group. Conclusion:Motor imagery-based BCI rehabilitation systems effectively improve upper limb motor function in chronic stroke patients. Wrist joint robot feedback appears to be more significant in improvement compared to virtual reality feedback. Integrating sensory and motor information might better affect upper limb motor recov-ery. These might help to optimize the feedback strategy of BCI training.

Objective:To preliminarily compare the effectiveness of different end-effectors on upper limb motor function im-provement in chronic stroke patients undergoing motor imagery-based brain-computer interface(BCI) rehabilitation. Method:Thirty-two chronic stroke patients who received motor imagery-based BCI rehabilitation were includ-ed. Based on the BCI training received,patients were divided into two groups:BCI combined with virtual re-ality feedback and BCI combined with wrist joint robot feedback. Assessment of upper limb motor function (upper limb Fugl-Meyer assessment),active range of motion of the paralyzed wrist,surface electromyography reflecting active contraction of wrist extensor muscles,and motor-evoked potentials (MEP) were conducted be-fore and after intervention. Thus,to compare the impact of virtual reality feedback and wrist joint robot feed-back on upper limb motor function recovery in chronic stroke patients.Result:Prior to intervention,baseline results were comparable between the two groups(P=0.160). After inter-vention,significant improvements in upper limb motor function were observed in both groups (P<0.001). The wrist joint robot feedback group showed a trend significant improvement in Fugl-Meyer scores and the changes in Fugl-Meyer scores compared to the virtual reality feedback group (P=0.06). Regarding active range of mo-tion of the paralyzed wrist,both groups initially lacked active flexion-extension movements,and after interven-tion,the improvement was 33.13°±24.96° in the wrist joint robot group and 27.81°±37.17° in the virtual reali-ty group,with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.638). In the assessment of surface elec-tromyography for wrist extensor muscle group on the paralyzed side,both groups showed significant improve-ment in average amplitude and area under the curve after intervention (P<0.001),with the wrist joint robot group demonstrating a more significant improvement in average amplitude(P<0.001),while area under curve showed a trend of improvement. In the MEP evaluation,the elicitation rate after intervention was 56.25％ in the wrist joint robot group and 18.75％ in the virtual reality group. Conclusion:Motor imagery-based BCI rehabilitation systems effectively improve upper limb motor function in chronic stroke patients. Wrist joint robot feedback appears to be more significant in improvement compared to virtual reality feedback. Integrating sensory and motor information might better affect upper limb motor recov-ery. These might help to optimize the feedback strategy of BCI training.

Panax ginseng(PG)and Panax notoginseng(PN)are highly valuable Chinese medicines(CM).Although both CMs have similar active constituents,their clinical applications are clearly different.Over the past decade,RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis has been employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of extracts or monomers.However,owing to the limited number of samples in standard RNA-seq,few studies have systematically compared the effects of PG and PN spanning multiple conditions at the transcriptomic level.Here,we developed an approach that simultaneously profiles transcriptome changes for multiplexed samples using RNA-seq(TCM-seq),a high-throughput,low-cost workflow to molecularly evaluate CM perturbations.A species-mixing experiment was conducted to illustrate the accuracy of sample multiplexing in TCM-seq.Transcriptomes from repeated samples were used to verify the robustness of TCM-seq.We then focused on the primary active components,Panax notoginseng sa-ponins(PNS)and Panax ginseng saponins(PGS)extracted from PN and PG,respectively.We also char-acterized the transcriptome changes of 10 cell lines,treated with four different doses of PNS and PGS,using TCM-seq to compare the differences in their perturbing effects on genes,functional pathways,gene modules,and molecular networks.The results of transcriptional data analysis showed that the tran-scriptional patterns of various cell lines were significantly distinct.PGS exhibited a stronger regulatory effect on genes involved in cardiovascular disease,whereas PNS resulted in a greater coagulation effect on vascular endothelial cells.This study proposes a paradigm to comprehensively explore the differences in mechanisms of action between CMs based on transcriptome readouts.

Objective To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of pachymaran on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced lung injury in mice. Methods (i) Fifty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups (10 mice in each group): normal control (NC) group, 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg CsA groups, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group. Except for the NC group, other groups underwent CsA modeling. The NC group was treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), the LPS group with 10 mg/kg LPS eight hours before mice euthanized, and the 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg CsA groups with corresponding doses of CsA for seven consecutive days. After treatment, the body and organ mass of each group were weighed, and the lung, thymus, and spleen indexes were calculated. Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe histopathological changes in the lungs of the mice. The protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-1β in the blood were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and those of surfactant protein D (SP-D), IL-2, and IL-6 in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The mRNA expression levels of SP-D, IL-1β, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the lung tissues were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). (ii) Another 60 BALB/c mice were divided into six groups (10 mice in each group) : NC group, model control (MC) group, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg pachymaran groups, and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] group. Except for the NC group, other groups underwent 45 mg/kg CsA modeling. The NC and MC groups were treated with distilled water, the pachymaran groups with corresponding doses pachymaran, and the poly(I:C) group with 0.1 mg/kg poly(I:C) for seven days.The mice were euthanized to obtain tissues and serum for detection. Detection methods were identical to those described in (i) above. Results (i) CsA (30 mg/kg) increased the lung index of mice (P < 0.001), and decreased the spleen index (P < 0.01), thymus index (P < 0.05), and the serum level of IL-2 (P < 0.05). CsA (45 mg/kg) decreased the spleen, thymus indexes, and the serum level of IL-2 (P < 0.01) in mice, and increased the serum level of IL-1β (P < 0.05) and the protein level of lung SP-D (P <0.001). CsA (60 mg/kg) increased the lung index of mice (P < 0.01), the serum level of IL-1β (P < 0.05), the protein level of lung SP-D (P < 0.01), and the mRNA levels of lung MPO and SP-D ( P < 0.05), and decreased the thymus index of mice (P < 0.01). HE staining showed that 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg CsA, and LPS caused pathological changes in the lung tissue of mice. (ii) After pachymaran intervention in MC mice, the spleen and thymus indexes (P < 0.05) were increased in the 100 and 200 mg/kg pachymaran groups, and the lung index was decreased (P < 0.05). Moreover, 50 mg/kg pachymaran increased the thymus index (P < 0.05) and decreased the lung index (P < 0.01) in MC group. Pachymaran (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) improved lung tissue injury, reduced the serum level of IL-1β (P < 0.001), and the mRNA levels of MPO and SP-D in lung tissues (P < 0.05) of mice. Pachymaran (100 mg/kg) increased the protein level of lung IL-2 (P < 0.01), decreased the protein level of lung SP-D (P < 0.01), and the mRNA level of IL-1β (P < 0.001) in the lung tissues of mice. Pachymaran (200 mg/kg) increased the serum level of IL-2 (P < 0.01) and lung IL-6 of mice (P < 0.05). Pachymaran (50 and 200 mg/kg) increased the mRNA level of IL-6 in the lung tissues of mice (P < 0.05). Conclusion While the immune function of mice was suppressed by CsA, the lung tissue was also damaged. Pachymaran can improve the immunosuppression induced by CsA and improve the lung tissue injury in immunosuppressed mice.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main cause of viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and primary liver cancer. At present, nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUC) and pegylated interferon α used in clinical practice cannot directly target covalently closed circular DNA, and it is difficult to achieve clinical cure of chronic hepatitis B patients; therefore, it is urgently needed to develop direct-acting antiviral agents targeting all stages of the HBV replication cycle. Capsid assembly modulator (CpAM) targets the assembly of viral capsids through various mechanisms, thereby exerting a direct-acting antiviral effect. Its combination with NUC should have a good synergistic antiviral effect, but the results of existing clinical trials have shown that chronic hepatitis B patients who received a limited course of antiviral therapy with CpAM and NUC all experienced off-therapy viral rebound. Based on the mechanism of action of these two types of drugs, this article provides a reasonable explanation for the above clinical trial results and points out that a longer course of antiviral therapy with CpAM and NUC may be needed in the future clinical trials with safe drug withdrawal as the end point of observation, so as to deplete or silence the pool of covalently closed circular DNA and increase the possibility of safe drug withdrawal in CHB patients. In addition, further studies are needed to explore antiviral therapeutic strategies with a combination of multiple targets.